Este dios del fuego llamado Xiuhtecuhtli tiene tambien otros dos nombres: el uno es Ixcozauhqui, que quiere decir "cariamarilla", y el otro es Cuezaltzin, que quiere decir "llama de fuego". También se llamaba Huehuetéutl, que quiere decir "el dios antiguo".
\nY todos le tenían por padre, considerando los efectos que hacía, porque quema, y la llama enciende y abrasa. Éstos son efectos que causan temor. Otros efectos tiene que causan amor y reverencia, como es que calienta a los que tienen frío, y guisa las viandas para comer, asando y cociendo y tostando y friendo. Él hace la sal y la miel espesa, y el carbón y la cal, y calienta los baños para bañarse, y hace el aceite que se llama úxitl. Con él se calienta la lejía y agua para lavar las ropas sucias y viejas, y se vuelven así nuevas.
\nA este dios se le hacía fiesta cada año, al fin del mes que se llama izcalli, y a su imagen le ponían todas las vestiduras y atavíos y plumajes del principal señor en tiempo de Motecuzuma. Hacíanla a semejanza de Motecuzuma, y en tiempo de los otros señores pasados hacíanle la semejanza de cada uno dellos. Y puesto en su altar o trono, descabezaban en su presencia muchas codornices. Derramaban la sangre dellas delante dél, y también ofrecíanle copal como a dios, y ofrecíanle unos pastelejos que llaman quiltamalli, hechos de bledos, y estos mismos comían por su honra. En todos los barrios, por su honra, en cada
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"957ef27e-07d2-4493-81f7-1fd9556c1b00","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"This god of fire, named Xiuhteuctli, also has two other names: one is Ixcozauhqui, which means “yellow faced,” and the other is Cuezaltzin, which means “flame of fire.” He was also called Huehueteotl, which means “the ancient god.”\n\nAnd they all held him as their father, considering the effects that he produced, because he burns, and the flame lights up and scorches. These are effects that cause fear. He has other effects that invoke love and reverence, such as the fact that he warms those who are cold and cooks the meals to be eaten, roasting and boiling and toasting and frying. He produces salt, thickened honey, coal, and quicklime, and heats up the baths for bathing; and he makes the oil called _oxitl_. Through him, one heats lye and water to wash clothes that are dirty and old, and they become new. \n\nThey dedicated a festival to this god every year, at the end of the month that is called Izcalli, and dressed his image with all the garments and apparel and feathers pertaining to the head lord in Moteuczoma’s time. They fashioned [his image] to resemble Moteuczoma, while at the time of the other past rulers, they fashioned it to resemble each of them. And after placing him on his altar or throne, they beheaded many quails in his presence. They poured their blood before him and also offered him copal, as if he were a god. They also offered him some small cakes that they call _quiltamalli_, made of amaranth seeds, and they ate these same [cakes] in his honor. In all the barrios of the town, in every","html":"This god of fire, named Xiuhteuctli, also has two other names: one is Ixcozauhqui, which means “yellow faced,” and the other is Cuezaltzin, which means “flame of fire.” He was also called Huehueteotl, which means “the ancient god.”
\nAnd they all held him as their father, considering the effects that he produced, because he burns, and the flame lights up and scorches. These are effects that cause fear. He has other effects that invoke love and reverence, such as the fact that he warms those who are cold and cooks the meals to be eaten, roasting and boiling and toasting and frying. He produces salt, thickened honey, coal, and quicklime, and heats up the baths for bathing; and he makes the oil called oxitl. Through him, one heats lye and water to wash clothes that are dirty and old, and they become new.
\nThey dedicated a festival to this god every year, at the end of the month that is called Izcalli, and dressed his image with all the garments and apparel and feathers pertaining to the head lord in Moteuczoma’s time. They fashioned [his image] to resemble Moteuczoma, while at the time of the other past rulers, they fashioned it to resemble each of them. And after placing him on his altar or throne, they beheaded many quails in his presence. They poured their blood before him and also offered him copal, as if he were a god. They also offered him some small cakes that they call quiltamalli, made of amaranth seeds, and they ate these same [cakes] in his honor. In all the barrios of the town, in every
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"5e5c1b6d-4750-4f8d-900a-7edc2e5d488e","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Xiuhtecutli: ixcoçauhquj, yoan cueçaltzin. Jehoatl motocaiotia in tletl, anoço veue teutl yoan tota: \n\nteutl ipan machoia: iehica, ca tetlatia, tepaloa, techichinoa, tlachinoa: yoan mjec tlamantli, ynjc tlacnelia: ca ic nezcolo, ic tlapaoaxo, ic tlacuxitilo, ic tlaxco, ic iztatlatilo, ic necutlatilo, ic tecullatilo, ic tenextlatilo, ic tlatetzoionjlo, ye tlatzoionjlo, ic tlatleoatzalo, ye tetlecujlolo, ic temazcallatilo, ic oxitlatilo, ic tlanextlatilo. \n\nAuh yn iquac ilhujqujxtililoia, cexiuhtica: ipan itlamjan yzcalli: qujxiptlatiaia in motecuçuma, ixpan tlacotonaloia, copaltemjlilo, \n\noauhqujltamalli nechivililoia, in cecencalpan: achto ixpan qujmanjliaia in tletl, çatepan qualoia. \n\nAuh yn jveveiooan, iuh cemjlhujtl, in qujcujcatia, qujteccizpichilia, qujteponacilhuja, caiacachilhuja: \n\nauh aiac vel cõmaçoaia in comalco, tetlacaoaltiloia, ynjc amo aca motla[tiz,]","html":"Xiuhtecutli: ixcoçauhquj, yoan cueçaltzin. Jehoatl motocaiotia in tletl, anoço veue teutl yoan tota:
\nteutl ipan machoia: iehica, ca tetlatia, tepaloa, techichinoa, tlachinoa: yoan mjec tlamantli, ynjc tlacnelia: ca ic nezcolo, ic tlapaoaxo, ic tlacuxitilo, ic tlaxco, ic iztatlatilo, ic necutlatilo, ic tecullatilo, ic tenextlatilo, ic tlatetzoionjlo, ye tlatzoionjlo, ic tlatleoatzalo, ye tetlecujlolo, ic temazcallatilo, ic oxitlatilo, ic tlanextlatilo.
\nAuh yn iquac ilhujqujxtililoia, cexiuhtica: ipan itlamjan yzcalli: qujxiptlatiaia in motecuçuma, ixpan tlacotonaloia, copaltemjlilo,
\noauhqujltamalli nechivililoia, in cecencalpan: achto ixpan qujmanjliaia in tletl, çatepan qualoia.
\nAuh yn jveveiooan, iuh cemjlhujtl, in qujcujcatia, qujteccizpichilia, qujteponacilhuja, caiacachilhuja:
\nauh aiac vel cõmaçoaia in comalco, tetlacaoaltiloia, ynjc amo aca motla[tiz,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"06c88fce-7551-42d3-ab92-846b40036af8","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Xiuhtecutli (Turquoise Lord), Ixoçauhqui (Yellow-faced One), and Cueçaltzin (Flaming One). This one was known as the fire or Ueue teotl (the Old God) and Tota (Our Father). \n\nHe was thought a god, considering that he burned one, he consumed one, he singed one, he scorched the fields. And for many purposes was he useful; for with him one was warmed, things were cooked in an olla, things were cooked, things were toasted, salt [water] was evaporated, syrup was thickened, charcoal was made, limestone was fired; things were well fried; things were fried, things were roasted; one was burned, sweat-houses were heated, unguents were prepared, the lime preparation for renovating capes was heated. \n\nAnd when his feast day was celebrated, once a year, at the end of the month of Izcalli, they made an image of Moctezuma; before it quail were beheaded and incense was set forth. \n\nTamales [stuffed] with greens[^84] were prepared in each dwelling. First they were placed before the fire. Then they were eaten. \n\nAnd all day his [the god’s] old men sang, blew shell trumpets,[^85] beat horizontal drums, sounded the rattle-board for him. \n\nAnd no one might reach his hand[^86] to the griddle. It was forbidden that anyone burn himself, singe \n\n\n\n\n[^84]: *”Una de las hierbas que se comen cocidas se llama* huauhquílitl, *que son bledos; es muy verde, tiene las ramas delgadillas y altillas, tiene las hojas anchuelas. Los tallos de esta hierba se llaman* huauhtli *(y) la semilla se llama de la misma manera; esta hierba se cuece para comer, sabe a cenizos, exprímese del agua que se cuece para comerse; hácense tamales de esta hierba, los cuales se llaman* quiltamalli” (Sahagún, *op. cit.,* Vol. 111, p. 295).\n\n[^85]: *Quiteuccizpichilia* in *Real Palacio MS.* \n\n[^86]: *Uellonmaçouaya* in *ibid.*","html":"Xiuhtecutli (Turquoise Lord), Ixoçauhqui (Yellow-faced One), and Cueçaltzin (Flaming One). This one was known as the fire or Ueue teotl (the Old God) and Tota (Our Father).
\nHe was thought a god, considering that he burned one, he consumed one, he singed one, he scorched the fields. And for many purposes was he useful; for with him one was warmed, things were cooked in an olla, things were cooked, things were toasted, salt [water] was evaporated, syrup was thickened, charcoal was made, limestone was fired; things were well fried; things were fried, things were roasted; one was burned, sweat-houses were heated, unguents were prepared, the lime preparation for renovating capes was heated.
\nAnd when his feast day was celebrated, once a year, at the end of the month of Izcalli, they made an image of Moctezuma; before it quail were beheaded and incense was set forth.
\nTamales [stuffed] with greens1 were prepared in each dwelling. First they were placed before the fire. Then they were eaten.
\nAnd all day his [the god’s] old men sang, blew shell trumpets,2 beat horizontal drums, sounded the rattle-board for him.
\nAnd no one might reach his hand3 to the griddle. It was forbidden that anyone burn himself, singe
\n”Una de las hierbas que se comen cocidas se llama huauhquílitl, que son bledos; es muy verde, tiene las ramas delgadillas y altillas, tiene las hojas anchuelas. Los tallos de esta hierba se llaman huauhtli (y) la semilla se llama de la misma manera; esta hierba se cuece para comer, sabe a cenizos, exprímese del agua que se cuece para comerse; hácense tamales de esta hierba, los cuales se llaman quiltamalli” (Sahagún, op. cit., Vol. 111, p. 295).↩
Quiteuccizpichilia in Real Palacio MS.↩
Uellonmaçouaya in ibid.↩