[tam]bién hojas de la misma flor. Tenía un cetro en la mano derecha, como un cáliz, y de lo alto dél salía como un casquillo de saeta.
\nEste dios era honrado de aquellos que vivían a la orilla de la mar, y su origen tuvo en Tzapotlan, pueblo de Xalixco.
\nAtribuían a este dios estas enfermedades que se siguen: primeramente las viruelas; también las postemas que se hacen en el cuerpo, y la sarna; también las enfermedades de los ojos, como es el mal de los ojos que procede de mucho beber, y todas las demás enfermedades que se causan en los ojos. Todos los que eran enfermos de alguna de las enfermedades dichas, hacían voto a este dios de vestir su pellejo cuando se hiciese su fiesta, la cual se llama tlacaxipehualiztli, que quiere decir "desollamiento de hombres".
\nEn esta fiesta hacían como un juego de cañas, de manera que el un bando era de la parte deste dios o imagen del dios Tótec, y éstos todos iban vestidos de pellejos de hombres que habían muerto y desollado en aquella fiesta, todos recientes y sangrientos y corriendo sangre. Los del bando contrario eran los soldados valientes y osados, y personas belicosas y esforzados que no tenían en nada la muerte, osados, atrevidos que de su voluntad salían a combatirse con los otros. Allí los unos con los otros se exercitaban en el exercicio de la guerra. Perseguían los unos a los otros hasta su puesto, y de alli volvían huyendo hasta su propio puesto. Acabado este juego, aquellos que llevaban los pellejos de los hombres vestidos, que eran de la parte deste dios Tótec, íbanse por todo el pueblo y entraban en las casas demandando que les diesen alguna limosna por amor de aquel dios. En las casas onde entraban hacíanlos sentar
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"5ffddda3-2c44-4e94-91fb-1700883664af","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"the leaves of the same flower. In his right hand, he held a scepter shaped like a chalice, from the top of which protruded something like an arrowhead. \n\n#### Chapter eighteen, which tells of the god named Xipe Totec, which means “flayed”\n\nThis god was adored by those who lived on the seashore, and he had his origin in Tzapotlan, a town in Jalisco.\n\nThey attributed the following diseases to this god: first, smallpox; also, the abscesses that form on the body and mange; also, eye diseases, such as the illness of the eyes caused by too much drinking and all other diseases that afflict the eyes. All those who suffered from one of these said diseases would make a vow to this god to dress in his skin when his festival was to be celebrated, a festival that is called Tlacaxipehualiztli, meaning “flaying of men.”\n\nDuring this festival, they organized something like a _juego de cañas_,[^35] in such a way that one of the teams belonged to this god, or to the image of the god Totec; and all of these [players] were dressed in the skins of men whom they had killed and flayed during that festival, all of them freshly [slain] and bloodied and pouring blood. Those of the opposing team were brave and daring soldiers, bellicose individuals, warriors to whom death meant nothing at all—daring and reckless [fellows] who willingly came out to combat their opponents. It was there that they trained in war, one against the other. Those of [one team] pursued the others all the way to the enemy line, and from there they came back running in full flight to their own place. Once this game was over, those who were wearing the skins of men, who belonged to the team of this god Totec, went throughout the whole town and entered houses demanding that they give some alms for the sake of that god. In the houses they entered, they made them sit \n\n\n[^35]: The _juego de cañas_ (game of canes) was a distinctively Spanish performance of horsemanship using spears made of reeds.","html":"the leaves of the same flower. In his right hand, he held a scepter shaped like a chalice, from the top of which protruded something like an arrowhead.
\nThis god was adored by those who lived on the seashore, and he had his origin in Tzapotlan, a town in Jalisco.
\nThey attributed the following diseases to this god: first, smallpox; also, the abscesses that form on the body and mange; also, eye diseases, such as the illness of the eyes caused by too much drinking and all other diseases that afflict the eyes. All those who suffered from one of these said diseases would make a vow to this god to dress in his skin when his festival was to be celebrated, a festival that is called Tlacaxipehualiztli, meaning “flaying of men.”
\nDuring this festival, they organized something like a juego de cañas,1 in such a way that one of the teams belonged to this god, or to the image of the god Totec; and all of these [players] were dressed in the skins of men whom they had killed and flayed during that festival, all of them freshly [slain] and bloodied and pouring blood. Those of the opposing team were brave and daring soldiers, bellicose individuals, warriors to whom death meant nothing at all—daring and reckless [fellows] who willingly came out to combat their opponents. It was there that they trained in war, one against the other. Those of [one team] pursued the others all the way to the enemy line, and from there they came back running in full flight to their own place. Once this game was over, those who were wearing the skins of men, who belonged to the team of this god Totec, went throughout the whole town and entered houses demanding that they give some alms for the sake of that god. In the houses they entered, they made them sit
\nThe juego de cañas (game of canes) was a distinctively Spanish performance of horsemanship using spears made of reeds.↩
Anaoatl iteouh: tzapoteca in vel inteuh catca,
\nyn itequiuh pouja, yn ixcoian ytlachioal, yn ineixcavil: ic temotlaia, ic texoxaia, iehoatl qujtemacaia, in totomonjliztli, papalaniliztli, çaçaoatiliztli, ixcuculiztli, ixchichitinaliztli, ixtenpipixqujliztli, ixtamaçoliciuiztli, ixaiauhpachiuiliztli, ixnacapachiuiliztli, ixoaoaciviztli, ixtotoliciviztli, ixtezcayciuiztli.
\nJn aqujn ipam muchioaia, yn, cuculiztli toqujchti, yuicpa monetoltiaia, yujcpa mjtoaia: ynjc onmaqujz yn jieoaio, ynjc itlan aquiz, yn jquac ilhujqujxtililo: motocaiotia, tlacaxipeoaliztli:
\ntlapainaltiaia, tetocaia, mjequjntin momanaia, muchinti eoaiotiuj, chichiiaoatiuj, chichipicatiuj, tzotzotlantiuj in tetoca, ynjc motlamauhtiliaia: qujnnecaliltiaia, qujnnamjquj in tiiacaoan, tlapepenti, tlatzonanti: yoan in ixqujchti, çan papaqujnj, yn mjhivintia, tlatlamati, moqujchnequj,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"5988a7fe-ed54-4ac5-bbb0-a06cb3ac65fd","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"He was the god of the seashore people, the proper god of the Zapotecs. \n\nThat which corresponded to his office, his particular creation, his attribute was that he struck people, he bewitched people, he visited people with blisters, festering, pimples, eye pains, watering of the eyes, festering about the eyelashes, lice about the eyes, opacity, filling of the eyes with flesh, withering of the eyes, cataracts, glazing of the eyes.[^110]\n\nWhen sickness befell one of us men, he made a vow to him, he pledged him that he would put on the skin [of the god]: he would don it when the feast day called Tlacaxipeualiztli was celebrated. \n\nAll hastened. They pursued one. Many appeared. All went wearing the skin, dripping grease, dripping [blood], glistening, thus terrifying those whom they followed.[^111] They fought, joining in battle against the valiant warriors, the chosen ones, the selected, and all who were taking their pleasure, those who became besotted, the buffoons, those who imitated, \n\n\n\n\n[^110]: Meaning problematical.\n\n[^111]: The corresponding Spanish text describes the scene thus: *”En esta fiesta, hazian como vn juego de cañas: de manera que el vn vando, era de la parte deste dios, o ymagen del dios totec: y estos todos, yuan vestidos de pellejos de hombres que aujan muerto, y desollado, en aquella fiesta. … Los del bando contrario, eran los soldados valientes, y osados, y personas velicosas, y esforçadas: que no tenjan en nada, la muerte: osados, atreujdos, que de su voluntad salian, a combatirse, con los otros. Alli los vnos, con los otros, se exercitauã, en el exercicio de la guerra: persegujan los vnos, a los otros: hasta su puesto, y de alli, bolujan huyendo, hasta su proprio puesto.”* Cf. also the description in Sahagún, *op. cit.,* Vol. I, p. 144. The game of cañas in the *Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada,* Vol. II, pp. 299–300, is described as *”Antigua fiesta, juego ó ejercicio caballeresco en que tomaban parte dos bandos ó cuadrillas corriendo á caballo, caracoleando gallardamente y arrojándose cañas de las que se resguardaban con la adarga.”* A Moorish exercise, in Medieval times adopted also by the Spaniards, it was reserved to the nobility. It took the form of a picturesque war-game requiring considerable skill in horsemanship and spear-throwing.","html":"He was the god of the seashore people, the proper god of the Zapotecs.
\nThat which corresponded to his office, his particular creation, his attribute was that he struck people, he bewitched people, he visited people with blisters, festering, pimples, eye pains, watering of the eyes, festering about the eyelashes, lice about the eyes, opacity, filling of the eyes with flesh, withering of the eyes, cataracts, glazing of the eyes.1
\nWhen sickness befell one of us men, he made a vow to him, he pledged him that he would put on the skin [of the god]: he would don it when the feast day called Tlacaxipeualiztli was celebrated.
\nAll hastened. They pursued one. Many appeared. All went wearing the skin, dripping grease, dripping [blood], glistening, thus terrifying those whom they followed.2 They fought, joining in battle against the valiant warriors, the chosen ones, the selected, and all who were taking their pleasure, those who became besotted, the buffoons, those who imitated,
\nMeaning problematical.↩
The corresponding Spanish text describes the scene thus: ”En esta fiesta, hazian como vn juego de cañas: de manera que el vn vando, era de la parte deste dios, o ymagen del dios totec: y estos todos, yuan vestidos de pellejos de hombres que aujan muerto, y desollado, en aquella fiesta. … Los del bando contrario, eran los soldados valientes, y osados, y personas velicosas, y esforçadas: que no tenjan en nada, la muerte: osados, atreujdos, que de su voluntad salian, a combatirse, con los otros. Alli los vnos, con los otros, se exercitauã, en el exercicio de la guerra: persegujan los vnos, a los otros: hasta su puesto, y de alli, bolujan huyendo, hasta su proprio puesto.” Cf. also the description in Sahagún, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 144. The game of cañas in the Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada, Vol. II, pp. 299–300, is described as ”Antigua fiesta, juego ó ejercicio caballeresco en que tomaban parte dos bandos ó cuadrillas corriendo á caballo, caracoleando gallardamente y arrojándose cañas de las que se resguardaban con la adarga.” A Moorish exercise, in Medieval times adopted also by the Spaniards, it was reserved to the nobility. It took the form of a picturesque war-game requiring considerable skill in horsemanship and spear-throwing.↩