Este dios llamado Huiztilopuchtli fue otro Hércules, el cual fue robustísimo, de grandes fuerzas y muy belicoso, gran destruidor de pueblos y matador de gentes. En las guerras era como fuego vivo, muy temeroso a sus contrarios, y así la devisa que traía era una cabeza de dragón muy espantable que echaba fuego por la boca. También éste era nigromántico o embaidor, que se transformaba en figura de diversas aves y bestias.
\nA este hombre por su fortaleza y destreza en la guerra le tuvieron en mucho los mexicanos cuando vivía, después que murió le honraron como a Dios y le ofrecían esclavos, sacrificándolos en su presencia. Buscaban que estos esclavos fuesen muy regalados y muy bien ataviados con aquellos aderezos que ellos usaban de orejeras y barbotes. Esto hacían por más honrarle.
\nOtro semejante a éste hubo en las partes de Tlaxcalla, que se llamaba Camaxtle.
\nEste dios llamado Páinal era como sota capitán del arriba dicho, porque el arriba dicho, como mayor capitán, dictaba cuándo se había de hacer guer[ra]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"d5bc1818-5729-46d0-b86e-5642c2f1756b","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"# First book, which deals with the gods that the natives of this land, which is the New Spain, worshiped\n\n#### First chapter, which tells of the main god, named Huitzilopochtli, whom the Mexicans worshiped and to whom they offered sacrifices\n\nThis god named Huiztilopochtli was another Hercules who was extraordinarily robust, of great strength, and very bellicose, a great destroyer of towns and slayer of peoples. In war, he was like a living fire, very frightful to his opponents; thus, the emblem that he carried was a very frightening dragon’s head that spewed fire through its mouth. He was also a sorcerer or trickster, who transformed himself into the shapes of various birds and beasts.\n\nBecause of his fortitude and skill in warfare, the Mexicans held this man in high esteem while he was alive, and after he died, they worshiped him as a god and offered slaves to him, whom they sacrificed in his presence. They took care that these slaves should receive many gifts and be very well attired, with those ear pendants and lip-plug adornments that they used [to wear]. They did this to pay him the highest honors.\n\nThere was another [god] similar to this one in the area of Tlaxcala, whose name was Camaxtle. \n\t\n#### Second chapter, which tells of the god named Painal, who, although he was a man, was worshiped as a god\n\nThis god named Painal was like the subcaptain of the one mentioned above, because that one, as the main captain, dictated the time when war was to be launched","html":"This god named Huiztilopochtli was another Hercules who was extraordinarily robust, of great strength, and very bellicose, a great destroyer of towns and slayer of peoples. In war, he was like a living fire, very frightful to his opponents; thus, the emblem that he carried was a very frightening dragon’s head that spewed fire through its mouth. He was also a sorcerer or trickster, who transformed himself into the shapes of various birds and beasts.
\nBecause of his fortitude and skill in warfare, the Mexicans held this man in high esteem while he was alive, and after he died, they worshiped him as a god and offered slaves to him, whom they sacrificed in his presence. They took care that these slaves should receive many gifts and be very well attired, with those ear pendants and lip-plug adornments that they used [to wear]. They did this to pay him the highest honors.
\nThere was another [god] similar to this one in the area of Tlaxcala, whose name was Camaxtle.
\nThis god named Painal was like the subcaptain of the one mentioned above, because that one, as the main captain, dictated the time when war was to be launched
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"9331fc52-2e1f-42e2-8a33-458efbc8105f","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"# Inic ce amuxtli, vncan moteneoa, in teteuh: in qujnmoteutiaia in nican tlaca.\n\n#### Jnic ce capitulo, yntechpa tlatoa, yn oc cenca tlapanauja teteuh: yn qujnmoteutiaia, yoan yn qujntlamanjliaia, yn ie vecauh. \n\nVitzilubuchtli: çan maceoalli, çan tlacatl catca: naoalli, tetzaujtl, atlacacemelle, teixcuepanj: qujiocoianj in iaoiutl, iaotecanj, iaotlatoanj: \n\nca itechpa mjtoaia, tepan qujtlaça yn xiuhcoatl, in mamalhoaztli. q. n. iaoiutl, teuatl, tlachinolli. Auh yn jquac ilhujqujxtiloia, malmjcoaia, tlaaltilmjcoaia: tealtiaia, yn pochteca. \n\nAuh ynjc muchichioaia: xiuhtotonacoche catca, xiuhcoanaoale, xiuhtlalpile, matacaxe, tzitzile, oiuoalle. \n\n#### Jnic vme capitulo, ytechpa tlatoa yn teutl yn jtoca paynal: yn qujmoteutiaia, yoan in qujtlamanjliaia ie uecauh.\n\nPaynal: motepatillotianj, moteixiptlatianj: tepan mixeoanj: iehica ca qujmixiptlatiaia, in vitzilubuch[tli]","html":"Vitzilubuchtli: çan maceoalli, çan tlacatl catca: naoalli, tetzaujtl, atlacacemelle, teixcuepanj: qujiocoianj in iaoiutl, iaotecanj, iaotlatoanj:
\nca itechpa mjtoaia, tepan qujtlaça yn xiuhcoatl, in mamalhoaztli. q. n. iaoiutl, teuatl, tlachinolli. Auh yn jquac ilhujqujxtiloia, malmjcoaia, tlaaltilmjcoaia: tealtiaia, yn pochteca.
\nAuh ynjc muchichioaia: xiuhtotonacoche catca, xiuhcoanaoale, xiuhtlalpile, matacaxe, tzitzile, oiuoalle.
\nPaynal: motepatillotianj, moteixiptlatianj: tepan mixeoanj: iehica ca qujmixiptlatiaia, in vitzilubuch[tli]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"99c870d4-8a48-4e2d-abca-16f894ae7133","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"# First book. Here are named the gods whom the natives worshipped. \n\n#### First Chapter, which telleth of the highest of the gods[^1] whom they worshipped and to whom they offered sacrifices in ancient times.\n\nUitzilopochtli (Hummingbird from the Left)[^2] was only a common man, just a man,[^3] a sorcerer, an omen of evil; a madman, a deceiver,[^4] a creator of war, a war-lord, an instigator of war.\n\nFor it was said of him that he brought hunger and plague—that is, war.[^5] And when a feast day was celebrated,[^6] captives were slain; ceremonially bathed slaves were offered up. The merchants bathed them.[^7]\n\nAnd he was thus arrayed: he had an ear pendant of lovely cotinga feathers;[^8] his disguise was the fire serpent. He had the blue netted sash,[^9] he had the maniple.[^10] He wore bells, he wore shells.[^11]\n\n\n\n#### Second Chapter, which telleth of the god named Paynal (He who Hasteneth), whom they worshipped and to whom they offered sacrifices in ancient times.\n\nPaynal was “the delegate,” “the substitute,” “the deputy,” because he represented Uitzilopochtli.\n\n\n\n[^1]: The corresponding Spanish text of the *Florentine Codex* reads: “*capitulo primero, que habla, del principal dios… .”*\n\n\n[^2]: Ángel María Garibay K., *Historia de la Literatura Náhuatl* (Mexico: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1953–54), Vol. II, p. 404: “Huitzilopochtli, *nombre del numen principal de Tenochtitlan. El nombre significa *Precioso Izquierdero* y se aplica al sol. En la concepción cósmica del antiguo mexicano el dios quedaba al Sur, que es la izquierda del mundo, ya que el camino del sol es Oriente a Poniente.”*\n\n\n[^3]: Eduard Seler, in *Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach-und Alterthumskunde* (Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1902–23), Vol. II, p. 423, refers to him as *nur ein Stammheros.*\n\n\n[^4]: Eduard Seler, in *Einige Kapitel aus dem Geschichtswerk des Fray Bernardino de Sahagun aus dem Aztekischen wortgetreu übersetzt* (Caecelie Seler-Sachs, Walter Lehmann, Walter Kriekeberg, eds.; Stuttgart: Stecker und Schroeder, 1927), p. 1, thus phrases the passage: *”Uitzilopochtli war nur ein gewöhnlicher Mensch, ein Zauberer, ein böses Vorzeichen, ein Unruhstifter, ein (schreckhafte) Visionen erzeugender Gaukler.”*\n\n\n[^5]: Cf. Rémi Siméon: *Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine* (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1885); and Andrés de Olmos: *Grammaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine* (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1875), p. 229. *”Von ihm wird gesagt: er wirft auf die Leute die Türkisschlange, den Feuerbohrer, d. h. den Krieg”* (Seler, *loc. cit.*). Cf. also Bernardino de Sahagún, *Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España* (Mexico: Pedro Robredo, 1938), Vol. IV, pp. 101–102, “… *nuestro dios Vitzilopuchtli usaba de dos cosas para contra sus enemigos para aterrarlos y ahuyentarlos; la una se llama* xiucóatl, *y la otra* mamalhoaztli … . *y él tenía por cetro real en la mano una culebra hecha de mosaico, que llaman* xiucóatl, *no derecha sino tortuosa o combada, y aquella, siendo vivo, como nigromántico en las batallas como gran serpiente viva la echaba sobre los enemigos con que los espantaba y hacía huir.”* Cf. also Bernardino de Sahagún, *Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España* (Ángel María Garibay K., ed.; Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1956; hereafter referred to as Sahagún, Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 159.\n\n\n[^6]: In Bernardino de Sahagún: *Historia de las cosas de Nueva España* (Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, ed.; Madrid: Hauser y Menet, 1906, Vol. VII; hereafter referred to as *Real Palacio MS*) the text reads: *ylhuiq’xtililoya.*\n\n\n[^7]: The meaning (*cf. tealtia*) is to offer as a sacrifice, or to bathe or anoint (*cf.* Sahagún, Garibay ed. Vol. III, pp. 43, 56).\n\n\n[^8]: *Xiutototl: Cotinga amabilis* Gould. Herbert Friedmann, Ludlow Griscom, and Robert T. Moore: “Distributional Check-List of the Birds of Mexico,” *Pacific Coast Avifauna,* Nos. 29 & 33 (Berkeley, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1950, 1957; henceforth referred to as Friedmann *et al.*). Pt. II, p. 59.\n\n\n[^9]: *Xiuhtlalpile:* The *Primeros Memoriales MS* reads: *Xiuhtlalpilli inic motzinilpiticac*, suggesting it was worn about the hips. See *Primeros Memoriales* in Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, ed.: *Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España por Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: edición parcial en facsímile de los Códices Matritenses en lengua mexicana* (Madrid: Hauser y Menet, 1905), Vol. VI.\n\n\n[^10]: *Matacaxtli: “Ajorca, pulsera. Un adorno de tela que se colocaba sabre el antebrazo, y en la muñeca precisamente, y caía a un lado y a otro, a manera de los manípulos del rito romano.”* Sahagún, (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 341.\n\n\n[^11]: The *Primeros Memoriales MS* reads: *tzitzilli, oyoalli in icxic.* Garibay thus phrases the passage: *”Hay sonajillas y cascabeles en sus piernas.”* Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 279.","html":"Uitzilopochtli (Hummingbird from the Left)2 was only a common man, just a man,3 a sorcerer, an omen of evil; a madman, a deceiver,4 a creator of war, a war-lord, an instigator of war.
\nFor it was said of him that he brought hunger and plague—that is, war.5 And when a feast day was celebrated,6 captives were slain; ceremonially bathed slaves were offered up. The merchants bathed them.7
\nAnd he was thus arrayed: he had an ear pendant of lovely cotinga feathers;8 his disguise was the fire serpent. He had the blue netted sash,9 he had the maniple.10 He wore bells, he wore shells.11
\nPaynal was “the delegate,” “the substitute,” “the deputy,” because he represented Uitzilopochtli.
\nThe corresponding Spanish text of the Florentine Codex reads: “capitulo primero, que habla, del principal dios… .”↩
Ángel María Garibay K., Historia de la Literatura Náhuatl (Mexico: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1953–54), Vol. II, p. 404: “Huitzilopochtli, nombre del numen principal de Tenochtitlan. El nombre significa *Precioso Izquierdero y se aplica al sol. En la concepción cósmica del antiguo mexicano el dios quedaba al Sur, que es la izquierda del mundo, ya que el camino del sol es Oriente a Poniente.”*↩
Eduard Seler, in Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach-und Alterthumskunde (Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1902–23), Vol. II, p. 423, refers to him as nur ein Stammheros.↩
Eduard Seler, in Einige Kapitel aus dem Geschichtswerk des Fray Bernardino de Sahagun aus dem Aztekischen wortgetreu übersetzt (Caecelie Seler-Sachs, Walter Lehmann, Walter Kriekeberg, eds.; Stuttgart: Stecker und Schroeder, 1927), p. 1, thus phrases the passage: ”Uitzilopochtli war nur ein gewöhnlicher Mensch, ein Zauberer, ein böses Vorzeichen, ein Unruhstifter, ein (schreckhafte) Visionen erzeugender Gaukler.”↩
Cf. Rémi Siméon: Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1885); and Andrés de Olmos: Grammaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1875), p. 229. ”Von ihm wird gesagt: er wirft auf die Leute die Türkisschlange, den Feuerbohrer, d. h. den Krieg” (Seler, loc. cit.). Cf. also Bernardino de Sahagún, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Mexico: Pedro Robredo, 1938), Vol. IV, pp. 101–102, “… nuestro dios Vitzilopuchtli usaba de dos cosas para contra sus enemigos para aterrarlos y ahuyentarlos; la una se llama xiucóatl, y la otra mamalhoaztli … . y él tenía por cetro real en la mano una culebra hecha de mosaico, que llaman xiucóatl, no derecha sino tortuosa o combada, y aquella, siendo vivo, como nigromántico en las batallas como gran serpiente viva la echaba sobre los enemigos con que los espantaba y hacía huir.” Cf. also Bernardino de Sahagún, Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Ángel María Garibay K., ed.; Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1956; hereafter referred to as Sahagún, Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 159.↩
In Bernardino de Sahagún: Historia de las cosas de Nueva España (Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, ed.; Madrid: Hauser y Menet, 1906, Vol. VII; hereafter referred to as Real Palacio MS) the text reads: ylhuiq’xtililoya.↩
The meaning (cf. tealtia) is to offer as a sacrifice, or to bathe or anoint (cf. Sahagún, Garibay ed. Vol. III, pp. 43, 56).↩
Xiutototl: Cotinga amabilis Gould. Herbert Friedmann, Ludlow Griscom, and Robert T. Moore: “Distributional Check-List of the Birds of Mexico,” Pacific Coast Avifauna, Nos. 29 & 33 (Berkeley, Calif.: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1950, 1957; henceforth referred to as Friedmann et al.). Pt. II, p. 59.↩
Xiuhtlalpile: The Primeros Memoriales MS reads: Xiuhtlalpilli inic motzinilpiticac, suggesting it was worn about the hips. See Primeros Memoriales in Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, ed.: Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España por Fray Bernardino de Sahagún: edición parcial en facsímile de los Códices Matritenses en lengua mexicana (Madrid: Hauser y Menet, 1905), Vol. VI.↩
Matacaxtli: “Ajorca, pulsera. Un adorno de tela que se colocaba sabre el antebrazo, y en la muñeca precisamente, y caía a un lado y a otro, a manera de los manípulos del rito romano.” Sahagún, (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 341.↩
The Primeros Memoriales MS reads: tzitzilli, oyoalli in icxic. Garibay thus phrases the passage: ”Hay sonajillas y cascabeles en sus piernas.” Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 279.↩