{"id":"e71d3f56-1b5d-4179-b934-b88a0406813f","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/34v/","folio":"34v","book":"1"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/34r/","folio":"34r","book":"1"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/35r/","folio":"35r","book":"1"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/1_46v.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c8037318-8199-405a-b187-21872070bf2b/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_1_1.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/80171265-5195-4e16-9065-bf192ee79af9/","canvas_label":{"en":["34v"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","book_title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"book_subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España.","book_number":"1","total_folios":121,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"3d7a6d18-2a8f-43cd-9f77-565c1b9a5436","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"reverenciaban y ofrecían como a hacedor y dador de todas las cosas y de todos los bienes, y le rogaban por todas sus necesidades. A éste hacían fiestas cada año, y mataban a su honra un mancebo cada año en su fiesta, escogido entre muchos, que ninguna tacha tuviese en su cuerpo, sabio en hablar, en cantar y tañer, criado por espacio de un año en todas maneras de deleites. Matábanle en el mes llamado _tóxcatl_, que caía a 23 días de abril. En esta fiesta se hacía gran solenidad a honra deste dios. Este dios decían que perturbaba toda paz y amistad, y sembraba enemistades y odios entre los pueblos y reyes. Y no es maravilla que haga esto en la tierra, pues también lo hizo en el cielo, como está escrito en la Sagrada Escriptura: _Factum est prelium magnum in celo_, etcétera, _Apoca_. 12: Éste es el malvado de Lucifer, padre de toda maldad y mentira, ambiciosísimo y superbísimo, que engañó a vuestros antepasados.\n\n[G] También nos consta por vuestra propia relatión que vuestros antepasados adoraron y tuvieron por dios a un diablo que ellos llamaban Tláloc o Tlaloque Tlamacazqui. A este diablo,","html":"<p>reverenciaban y ofrecían como a hacedor y dador de todas las cosas y de todos los bienes, y le rogaban por todas sus necesidades. A éste hacían fiestas cada año, y mataban a su honra un mancebo cada año en su fiesta, escogido entre muchos, que ninguna tacha tuviese en su cuerpo, sabio en hablar, en cantar y tañer, criado por espacio de un año en todas maneras de deleites. Matábanle en el mes llamado <em>tóxcatl</em>, que caía a 23 días de abril. En esta fiesta se hacía gran solenidad a honra deste dios. Este dios decían que perturbaba toda paz y amistad, y sembraba enemistades y odios entre los pueblos y reyes. Y no es maravilla que haga esto en la tierra, pues también lo hizo en el cielo, como está escrito en la Sagrada Escriptura: <em>Factum est prelium magnum in celo</em>, etcétera, <em>Apoca</em>. 12: Éste es el malvado de Lucifer, padre de toda maldad y mentira, ambiciosísimo y superbísimo, que engañó a vuestros antepasados.</p>\n<p>[G] También nos consta por vuestra propia relatión que vuestros antepasados adoraron y tuvieron por dios a un diablo que ellos llamaban Tláloc o Tlaloque Tlamacazqui. A este diablo,</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"7e50056e-a82d-49c7-b05d-12b613ce56cf","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"revered, and made offerings to him as the maker and giver of all things and of all goods; and they beseeched him for everything they needed. They celebrated a festival for him every year, and every year during his festival they would kill a youth in his honor, one chosen from among many, who had not a single blemish in his body, was knowledgeable in his speech and in singing and dancing, and was nurtured for one year with all sorts of pleasures. They would kill him in the month called Toxcatl, which fell on the 23rd day of April. During this festival, a great, solemn ceremony was performed in honor of this god. They used to say that this god disrupted all peace and every friendship, sowing enmities and hatred among peoples and kings. And it is not surprising that he should do such things on earth, for he did the same also in heaven, as is written in the Holy Scripture: “A great war broke out in heaven,”[^62] et cetera (Apocalypse 12): this [god] is Lucifer’s villain, father of every evil and every lie, exceedingly ambitious and proud, the one who deceived your ancestors. \n\n[G] We also know from your own account that your ancestors worshiped and held as a god a devil whom they called Tlaloc, or Tlaloqueh Tlamacazqui. To this devil, \n\n\n[^62]: “Factum est prelium magnum in celo.” Cf. Apoc. 12:7.","html":"<p>revered, and made offerings to him as the maker and giver of all things and of all goods; and they beseeched him for everything they needed. They celebrated a festival for him every year, and every year during his festival they would kill a youth in his honor, one chosen from among many, who had not a single blemish in his body, was knowledgeable in his speech and in singing and dancing, and was nurtured for one year with all sorts of pleasures. They would kill him in the month called Toxcatl, which fell on the 23rd day of April. During this festival, a great, solemn ceremony was performed in honor of this god. They used to say that this god disrupted all peace and every friendship, sowing enmities and hatred among peoples and kings. And it is not surprising that he should do such things on earth, for he did the same also in heaven, as is written in the Holy Scripture: “A great war broke out in heaven,”<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> et cetera (Apocalypse 12): this [god] is Lucifer’s villain, father of every evil and every lie, exceedingly ambitious and proud, the one who deceived your ancestors.</p>\n<p>[G] We also know from your own account that your ancestors worshiped and held as a god a devil whom they called Tlaloc, or Tlaloqueh Tlamacazqui. To this devil,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>“Factum est prelium magnum in celo.” Cf. Apoc. 12:7.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"abe587c2-db9d-4425-a97a-79d88cad5e34","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[ie]hoatl in lucifer, in vei diablo, in vmpa ilhujcatl itic, vel iancujcan oqujpeoalti, in iaujutl in tecuculiliztli, in teuhtli, in tlaçolli: vmpa oaltotococ, vmpa oalvetz. Auh in nican tlalticpac teiztlacaujtinemj, teca mocacaiauhtinemj: ca iuh ca in teutlatolli. Factum est prelium magnū in celo, apoc. 12. quitoznequj, vei iaoiutl, omuchiuh yn ilhujcatl ytic: oqujpeoalti in lucifer: in iehoatl tezcatlipuca, titlacaoa, vei diablo: iehoatl qujmoteutitiaque, in veuetque: yoan qujlhujqujxtiliaia, yn iquac toxcatl: yoan qujmjctiaia yn jxiptla, yn qujtocaiotiaia titlacahoan, ic cenca omotlapololtique in veuetque. \n\nG. Jzcatquj yn oc no ce diablo, qujmoteutitiaque in ueuetque, yn jtoca tlaloc, anoço tlaloque: itech tlamjloia in qujiaujtl: qujtoque. Ca iehoãtin, qujxoaltiaia, qujcueponaltia quizcaltiaia in quaujtl, in çacatl: auh in ie muchi tonacaiutl. No yoan","html":"<p>[ie]hoatl in lucifer, in vei diablo, in vmpa ilhujcatl itic, vel iancujcan oqujpeoalti, in iaujutl in tecuculiliztli, in teuhtli, in tlaçolli: vmpa oaltotococ, vmpa oalvetz. Auh in nican tlalticpac teiztlacaujtinemj, teca mocacaiauhtinemj: ca iuh ca in teutlatolli. Factum est prelium magnū in celo, apoc. 12. quitoznequj, vei iaoiutl, omuchiuh yn ilhujcatl ytic: oqujpeoalti in lucifer: in iehoatl tezcatlipuca, titlacaoa, vei diablo: iehoatl qujmoteutitiaque, in veuetque: yoan qujlhujqujxtiliaia, yn iquac toxcatl: yoan qujmjctiaia yn jxiptla, yn qujtocaiotiaia titlacahoan, ic cenca omotlapololtique in veuetque.</p>\n<p>G. Jzcatquj yn oc no ce diablo, qujmoteutitiaque in ueuetque, yn jtoca tlaloc, anoço tlaloque: itech tlamjloia in qujiaujtl: qujtoque. Ca iehoãtin, qujxoaltiaia, qujcueponaltia quizcaltiaia in quaujtl, in çacatl: auh in ie muchi tonacaiutl. No yoan</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"97f27387-20a9-4805-a071-cd0889008b0c","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"is Lucifer, the great devil who there in the midst of Heaven, even in the beginning, began war, vice, filth. From there he was cast out, from there he fell. But he walketh here upon the earth deceiving men, tricking men. For so is the word of God: *Factum est proelium magnum in coelo.* Apoc., 12. That is, a great war was fought in the midst of Heaven, which Lucifer began. This Tezcatlipoca Titlacauan is a great devil. The ancients worshipped him, and they celebrated his feast day when [it was the month of] Toxcatl, and they slew his representation, whom they named Titlacauan. So much were the ancients in confusion.\n\nG. Behold yet another devil whom the ancients worshipped, named Tlaloc, or Tlaloque. To him was attributed the rain. They said, &#8220;These make trees, grasses, and indeed all our sustenance sprout, bloom, grow.&#8221; Also","html":"<p>is Lucifer, the great devil who there in the midst of Heaven, even in the beginning, began war, vice, filth. From there he was cast out, from there he fell. But he walketh here upon the earth deceiving men, tricking men. For so is the word of God: <em>Factum est proelium magnum in coelo.</em> Apoc., 12. That is, a great war was fought in the midst of Heaven, which Lucifer began. This Tezcatlipoca Titlacauan is a great devil. The ancients worshipped him, and they celebrated his feast day when [it was the month of] Toxcatl, and they slew his representation, whom they named Titlacauan. So much were the ancients in confusion.</p>\n<p>G. Behold yet another devil whom the ancients worshipped, named Tlaloc, or Tlaloque. To him was attributed the rain. They said, “These make trees, grasses, and indeed all our sustenance sprout, bloom, grow.” Also</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"34v"}