{"id":"d7ae1159-be5d-4651-a50c-88ef3ecec7af","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/35v/","folio":"35v","book":"1"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/35r/","folio":"35r","book":"1"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/folio/36r/","folio":"36r","book":"1"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/1_47v.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/10815f80-32be-4b4c-ad5b-7308c1bfd7ce/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_1_1.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/ee833e28-eeff-4b7d-b248-e3cae694245f/","canvas_label":{"en":["35v"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","book_title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"book_subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España.","book_number":"1","total_folios":121,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"83c6ac4d-8c07-481a-8ffc-1076d2a6726e","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"[hinchi]rán de fructos.\" Por ignorar vuestros antepasados las verdades de la Sagrada Escriptura se dexaron engañar de diversos errores de los demonios nuestros enemigos.\n\n[A] Dice la Sagrada Escriptura: _Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt. Sapientie_, 14. Quiere decir: \"A tan gran locura y ceguedad vinieron los malaventurados idólatras, que el nombre que a solo Dios pertenece le aplicaron a hombres y mujeres, y a los animales y a los maderos y piedras.\" Esta maldad y traición hicieron vuestros antepasados, que el nombre maravilloso que es de Dios, el cual a sola la divinidad conviene, le aplicaron a cosas baxas y indignísimas.\n\n[B] Llamaron dios a Quetzalcóatl, el cual fue hombre mortal y corruptible, que aunque tuvo alguna apariencia de virtud, según ellos dixeron, pero fue gran nigromántico, amigo de los diablos, y por tanto amigo y muy familiar dellos, digno de gran confusión y de eterno tormento, y no de que le festejasen como a","html":"<p>[hinchi]rán de fructos.&quot; Por ignorar vuestros antepasados las verdades de la Sagrada Escriptura se dexaron engañar de diversos errores de los demonios nuestros enemigos.</p>\n<p>[A] Dice la Sagrada Escriptura: <em>Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt. Sapientie</em>, 14. Quiere decir: &quot;A tan gran locura y ceguedad vinieron los malaventurados idólatras, que el nombre que a solo Dios pertenece le aplicaron a hombres y mujeres, y a los animales y a los maderos y piedras.&quot; Esta maldad y traición hicieron vuestros antepasados, que el nombre maravilloso que es de Dios, el cual a sola la divinidad conviene, le aplicaron a cosas baxas y indignísimas.</p>\n<p>[B] Llamaron dios a Quetzalcóatl, el cual fue hombre mortal y corruptible, que aunque tuvo alguna apariencia de virtud, según ellos dixeron, pero fue gran nigromántico, amigo de los diablos, y por tanto amigo y muy familiar dellos, digno de gran confusión y de eterno tormento, y no de que le festejasen como a</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"0136cf55-c772-4bc6-923e-e6686dd081af","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"shall bear their fruit.”[^64] By ignoring the truth of the Holy Scripture, your ancestors allowed themselves to be deceived by several errors of the demons, our enemies.\n\n[A] The Holy Scripture says, “Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt” (Wisdom 14). This means, “The unfortunate idolaters came to such great folly and blindness that they applied to men and women and to animals, trees, and stones the name that belongs only to God.”[^65] Your ancestors did this evil and betrayal, in that they applied to low and most unworthy things the marvelous name that belongs to God—a name that suits his divinity alone.\n\n[B] They called Quetzalcoatl, who was a mortal and corruptible man, a god; and even though, as they said, he had some pretense of virtue, he was nevertheless a great necromancer, a friend of the devils—and even very friendly and familiar with them—[one] worthy of great confusion and of eternal torment and not worthy of being celebrated and worshiped as a \n\n\n[^64]: Cf. Lev. 26:4.\n\n[^65]: Cf. Wisd. of Sol. 14:21.","html":"<p>shall bear their fruit.”<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> By ignoring the truth of the Holy Scripture, your ancestors allowed themselves to be deceived by several errors of the demons, our enemies.</p>\n<p>[A] The Holy Scripture says, “Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt” (Wisdom 14). This means, “The unfortunate idolaters came to such great folly and blindness that they applied to men and women and to animals, trees, and stones the name that belongs only to God.”<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> Your ancestors did this evil and betrayal, in that they applied to low and most unworthy things the marvelous name that belongs to God—a name that suits his divinity alone.</p>\n<p>[B] They called Quetzalcoatl, who was a mortal and corruptible man, a god; and even though, as they said, he had some pretense of virtue, he was nevertheless a great necromancer, a friend of the devils—and even very friendly and familiar with them—[one] worthy of great confusion and of eternal torment and not worthy of being celebrated and worshiped as a</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Cf. Lev. 26:4.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p>Cf. Wisd. of Sol. 14:21.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"4f27284d-e08b-4cb6-ae49-34585df46ca7","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"atle oqujcactiaque, in teutlatolli: ic cenca inca omocacaiauhque in diablome, in vel toiaoan, in tlalticpac titlaca. \n\nA. Jzcatquj in iuh ca teutlatolli, ynic pinauhtilo in tlateutocanjme. Jncõmunjcabile, nomen lapidibus, et lignis inposuerunt: Sapientie 14, q. n. Jn tlateutocanjme ynjc cenca omotlapololtique, in teutocaitl, ytech oqujtlalique, in tetl yoan in quavitl: qujteutocaque in tetl, yoã in quavitl: in teotl, çan vel izeltzin yneixcaujlaxcatzin, in dios in teiocuianj, yn jpalnemoanj. Auh yn jxpopoiome, in tlateutocanjme, qujtocaiotique, in tetl, qujlhujque: ca tinoteouh, qujlhujque, in quaujtl, ca tinoteouh, tinotlatocauh. No yoan in cēca tlaelittalonj, in tlateutocanjme: yn jtocatzin dios ipalnemoanj, intech oqujtlalique, yn oqujchti, yn cioa: in miqujnj, in palanjnj, yn amo qualli innemiliz, yn amo qualli iniollo. Jnjn ca tetzauhtlatlaculli, in tlateutoqujliztli, yn jntlachioal yn amotahoan, yn amoculhoan, in veuetque: izcatquj yn jnnetlapololtiliz. \n\nB. Jn iehoantin in veuetque, oqujteutocaque in quetzalcoatl, in tollan tlatoanj catca: yoan anqujtocaiotiaia, Topiltzin. Jnin ca maceoalli, ca mjqujni, ca omjc, ca opalan yn jnacaio, ca amo teutl: auh maciuj in iecnemjlize in tlamaceoaia, ca amo qujmoteutizquja: in tlein oqujchiuh, iuhqujnma tlamauiçolli, ticmati ca çan tlacateculotlatoltica oqujchiuh: ca imjcniuh in tlatlacateculo, ic monequj telchioaloz, tlaelittaloz: ca mjctlan oquj[motlaxili]","html":"<p>atle oqujcactiaque, in teutlatolli: ic cenca inca omocacaiauhque in diablome, in vel toiaoan, in tlalticpac titlaca.</p>\n<p>A. Jzcatquj in iuh ca teutlatolli, ynic pinauhtilo in tlateutocanjme. Jncõmunjcabile, nomen lapidibus, et lignis inposuerunt: Sapientie 14, q. n. Jn tlateutocanjme ynjc cenca omotlapololtique, in teutocaitl, ytech oqujtlalique, in tetl yoan in quavitl: qujteutocaque in tetl, yoã in quavitl: in teotl, çan vel izeltzin yneixcaujlaxcatzin, in dios in teiocuianj, yn jpalnemoanj. Auh yn jxpopoiome, in tlateutocanjme, qujtocaiotique, in tetl, qujlhujque: ca tinoteouh, qujlhujque, in quaujtl, ca tinoteouh, tinotlatocauh. No yoan in cēca tlaelittalonj, in tlateutocanjme: yn jtocatzin dios ipalnemoanj, intech oqujtlalique, yn oqujchti, yn cioa: in miqujnj, in palanjnj, yn amo qualli innemiliz, yn amo qualli iniollo. Jnjn ca tetzauhtlatlaculli, in tlateutoqujliztli, yn jntlachioal yn amotahoan, yn amoculhoan, in veuetque: izcatquj yn jnnetlapololtiliz.</p>\n<p>B. Jn iehoantin in veuetque, oqujteutocaque in quetzalcoatl, in tollan tlatoanj catca: yoan anqujtocaiotiaia, Topiltzin. Jnin ca maceoalli, ca mjqujni, ca omjc, ca opalan yn jnacaio, ca amo teutl: auh maciuj in iecnemjlize in tlamaceoaia, ca amo qujmoteutizquja: in tlein oqujchiuh, iuhqujnma tlamauiçolli, ticmati ca çan tlacateculotlatoltica oqujchiuh: ca imjcniuh in tlatlacateculo, ic monequj telchioaloz, tlaelittaloz: ca mjctlan oquj[motlaxili]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"dbeb8a53-00b8-4607-95a0-079f86bc36da","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"they heard nothing of the word of God. Thus did the devils, the true adversaries of us, the people who live on earth, trick them. \n\nA. Behold how the word of God is, by which are shamed the idolaters: *Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt. Wisdom,* 14. That is, &#8220;So much were the idolaters in confusion that they placed the name of God on stone and wood; they worshipped stone and wood. The [name] God is exclusive to Him Himself, God the Creator through Whom there is life.&#8221; But the blind idolaters gave the name to stone; they said, &#8220;Thou art my god.&#8221; To wood they said, &#8220;Thou art my god, thou art my lord.&#8221; Also were the idolaters much to be abhorred [because] they placed the name of God, through Whom there is life, upon men, upon women, who were mortals, whose lives were evil, whose hearts were evil. This is the great sin, idolatry, the doing of your fathers, your grandparents, the ancients. Behold their confusion. \n\nB. The ancients worshipped Quetzalcoatl, who was ruler at Tula. And you named him Topiltzin. He was a common man; he was mortal. He died; his body corrupted. He is no god. And although a man of saintly life, who performed penances, he should not have been worshipped. What he did which was like miracles we know he did only through the command of the devil. He is a friend of the devils. Therefore he must needs be abhorred, abominated.","html":"<p>they heard nothing of the word of God. Thus did the devils, the true adversaries of us, the people who live on earth, trick them.</p>\n<p>A. Behold how the word of God is, by which are shamed the idolaters: <em>Incommunicabile nomen lapidibus et lignis imposuerunt. Wisdom,</em> 14. That is, “So much were the idolaters in confusion that they placed the name of God on stone and wood; they worshipped stone and wood. The [name] God is exclusive to Him Himself, God the Creator through Whom there is life.” But the blind idolaters gave the name to stone; they said, “Thou art my god.” To wood they said, “Thou art my god, thou art my lord.” Also were the idolaters much to be abhorred [because] they placed the name of God, through Whom there is life, upon men, upon women, who were mortals, whose lives were evil, whose hearts were evil. This is the great sin, idolatry, the doing of your fathers, your grandparents, the ancients. Behold their confusion.</p>\n<p>B. The ancients worshipped Quetzalcoatl, who was ruler at Tula. And you named him Topiltzin. He was a common man; he was mortal. He died; his body corrupted. He is no god. And although a man of saintly life, who performed penances, he should not have been worshipped. What he did which was like miracles we know he did only through the command of the devil. He is a friend of the devils. Therefore he must needs be abhorred, abominated.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"35v"}