[adon]de abundó el delicto." Del saber o sabiduría desta gente hay fama que fue mucha, como parece en el Libro Décimo, donde, en el capítulo 29, se habla de los primeros pobladores desta tierra, donde se afirma que fueron perfectos filósofos y astrólogos y muy diestros en todas las artes mecánicas; de la fortaleza, la cual entre ellos era más estimada que ninguna otra virtud, y por la cual subían hasta el sumo grado del valer; tenían desto grandes exercitios, como parece en muchas partes desta obra. En lo que toca a la religión y cultura de sus dioses, no creo ha habido en el mundo idólatras tan reverenciadores de sus dioses, ni tan a su costa, como éstos desta Nueva España; ni los judíos ni ninguna otra natión tuvo yugo tan pesado y de tantas cerimonias como le han tenido estos naturales por espacio de muchos años, como parece por toda esta obra.\nDel origen desta gente, la relación que dan los viejos es que por la mar vinieron de hacia el norte, y cierto es que vinieron en algunos vasos, de manera no se sabe cómo eran labrados, sino que se conjectura que una fama que hay entre todos estos naturales, que salieron de siete cuevas, que estas siete cuevas son los siete navíos o galeras en que vinieron los primeros pobladores desta tierra. Según se colige por conjecturas verisímiles, la gente que primero vino a poblar a esta tierra, de hacia la Florida vino, y costeando vino, y desembarcó en el puerto de Pánuco, que ellos llaman Panco, que quiere decir "lugar donde llegaron los que pasaron el agua". Esta gente venía en demanda del Paraíso Terrenal, y traían por apellido Tamoanchan, que quiere decir "buscamos nuestra casa". Y poblaban cerca de los más altos montes que hallaban. En venir hacia el mediodía a buscar el Paraíso Terrenal no erraban, porque opinión es de los que escriben que está debaxo de la línea equinoctial; y en pensar que es algún altísimo monte tampoco yerran, porque así lo dicen los escritores quel Paraíso Terrenal está debaxo de la línea equinoctial y que es un monte altísimo que llega su cumbre cerca de la Luna. Parece que ellos o sus antepasados tuvieron algún oráculo cerca de esta materia, o de Dios o del Demonio, o tradición de los antiguos que vino de mano en mano hasta ellos. Ellos buscaban lo que por vía humana no se puede hallar, y nuestro señor Dios pretendía que la tierra despoblada se poblase para que algunos de sus descendientes fuesen a poblar el Paraíso Celestial, como agora lo vemos por esperiencia. Mas, ¿para qué me detengo en contar adevinanzas? Pues es certísimo que estas gentes todas son nuestros hermanos, procedientes del tronco de Adam como nosotros. Son nuestros próximos, a quien somos obligados a amar como a nosotros mismos. Quid quid sit. De lo que fueron los tiempos pasados vemos por esperientia agora que son hábiles para todas las artes mecánicas y las exercitan. Son también hábiles para deprender todas las artes liberales y la sancta teología, como por esperiencia se ha visto en aquellos que han sido enseñados en estas cientias; porque de lo que son en las cosas de guerra, esperientia se tiene dellos ansí en la conquista desta tierra como de otras particulares conquistas que después acá se han hecho,
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"24134a18-9180-46f1-94c7-a356601881f5","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"where crime was once abundant.”[^5] Of the knowledge or wisdom of this people, it is said that it was great, as is evident in book ten, where, in chapter 29, the first inhabitants of this land are discussed, and where it is ascertained that they were perfect philosophers and astrologers and very skillful in all the mechanical arts. Concerning fortitude, which was the most esteemed of all virtues by them—and the one that they raised to the highest degree of worth—they practiced superb exercises in this, as is apparent in many passages of this work. Concerning religion and the worship of their gods, I do not believe that there have ever been idolaters in the world who have so revered their gods, nor at such an expense, as have these from this New Spain. Not even the Jews or any other nation ever had such a heavy yoke, and one with so many ceremonies, as these natives have had for so many years, as is evident throughout this work.\n\nRegarding the origin of this people, the account that the elders provide is that they came from the Northern Sea.[^6] And it is certain that they came in some vessels; it is not known how these were built, but one guesses that, according to a tale that is widespread among all these natives, they came out of seven caves and that these seven caves are the seven ships or galleys on which the first settlers of this land came. As can be construed from probable conjectures, the people who first arrived to settle this land came hugging the coast from the direction of Florida and disembarked in the port of Pánuco, which they call Panotlan, and which means “the place where those who crossed the water arrived.” This people came seeking the terrestrial paradise and had as their insignia the name Tamoanchan, which means, “We are seeking our home.” And they settled near the highest mountains that they could find. They were not wrong in coming to seek the terrestrial paradise toward the South, because the writers’ opinion is that it is below the equinoctial line and that it is an exceedingly high mountain, whose summit reaches almost to the moon. It seems that they or their ancestors had some oracle regarding this matter, either from God or from the demon or from an ancient tradition that was handed down to them [by their ancestors]. They were seeking that which cannot be found by human means. And our Lord God intended the depopulated land to be settled so that some of their descendants would go to settle the heavenly paradise, as we now see from our experience. But why am I delaying by telling riddles? For it is most certain that all of these peoples are our brothers, stemming from the trunk of Adam, just as we are. They are our neighbors whom we are obliged to love as we love ourselves. Whatever it may be[^7] that they were in times past, we now see through experience that they are skillful in all the mechanical arts, and they practice them. They are also skillful in learning all the liberal arts and sacred theology, as, through experience, has been seen in those who have been taught these sciences. As to how [skillful] they are in matters of warfare, we have experience with them—both in the conquest of this land and in other specific conquests that have afterward taken place around here— \n\n\n[^5]: Cf. Rom. 5:20.\n\n[^6]: “Northern Sea”: the Gulf of Mexico. In Sahagún’s time, the “Southern Sea” (mar del Sur) was the name given to what was later known as the Pacific Ocean.\n\n[^7]: “Whatever it may be”: _Quidquid sit_ (in Latin).","html":"where crime was once abundant.”1 Of the knowledge or wisdom of this people, it is said that it was great, as is evident in book ten, where, in chapter 29, the first inhabitants of this land are discussed, and where it is ascertained that they were perfect philosophers and astrologers and very skillful in all the mechanical arts. Concerning fortitude, which was the most esteemed of all virtues by them—and the one that they raised to the highest degree of worth—they practiced superb exercises in this, as is apparent in many passages of this work. Concerning religion and the worship of their gods, I do not believe that there have ever been idolaters in the world who have so revered their gods, nor at such an expense, as have these from this New Spain. Not even the Jews or any other nation ever had such a heavy yoke, and one with so many ceremonies, as these natives have had for so many years, as is evident throughout this work.
\nRegarding the origin of this people, the account that the elders provide is that they came from the Northern Sea.2 And it is certain that they came in some vessels; it is not known how these were built, but one guesses that, according to a tale that is widespread among all these natives, they came out of seven caves and that these seven caves are the seven ships or galleys on which the first settlers of this land came. As can be construed from probable conjectures, the people who first arrived to settle this land came hugging the coast from the direction of Florida and disembarked in the port of Pánuco, which they call Panotlan, and which means “the place where those who crossed the water arrived.” This people came seeking the terrestrial paradise and had as their insignia the name Tamoanchan, which means, “We are seeking our home.” And they settled near the highest mountains that they could find. They were not wrong in coming to seek the terrestrial paradise toward the South, because the writers’ opinion is that it is below the equinoctial line and that it is an exceedingly high mountain, whose summit reaches almost to the moon. It seems that they or their ancestors had some oracle regarding this matter, either from God or from the demon or from an ancient tradition that was handed down to them [by their ancestors]. They were seeking that which cannot be found by human means. And our Lord God intended the depopulated land to be settled so that some of their descendants would go to settle the heavenly paradise, as we now see from our experience. But why am I delaying by telling riddles? For it is most certain that all of these peoples are our brothers, stemming from the trunk of Adam, just as we are. They are our neighbors whom we are obliged to love as we love ourselves. Whatever it may be3 that they were in times past, we now see through experience that they are skillful in all the mechanical arts, and they practice them. They are also skillful in learning all the liberal arts and sacred theology, as, through experience, has been seen in those who have been taught these sciences. As to how [skillful] they are in matters of warfare, we have experience with them—both in the conquest of this land and in other specific conquests that have afterward taken place around here—
\n[adon]de abundó el delicto." Del saber o sabiduría desta gente hay fama que fue mucha, como parece en el Libro Décimo, donde, en el capítulo 29, se habla de los primeros pobladores desta tierra, donde se afirma que fueron perfectos filósofos y astrólogos y muy diestros en todas las artes mecánicas; de la fortaleza, la cual entre ellos era más estimada que ninguna otra virtud, y por la cual subían hasta el sumo grado del valer; tenían desto grandes exercitios, como parece en muchas partes desta obra. En lo que toca a la religión y cultura de sus dioses, no creo ha habido en el mundo idólatras tan reverenciadores de sus dioses, ni tan a su costa, como éstos desta Nueva España; ni los judíos ni ninguna otra natión tuvo yugo tan pesado y de tantas cerimonias como le han tenido estos naturales por espacio de muchos años, como parece por toda esta obra.
\nDel origen desta gente, la relación que dan los viejos es que por la mar vinieron de hacia el norte, y cierto es que vinieron en algunos vasos, de manera no se sabe cómo eran labrados, sino que se conjectura que una fama que hay entre todos estos naturales, que salieron de siete cuevas, que estas siete cuevas son los siete navíos o galeras en que vinieron los primeros pobladores desta tierra. Según se colige por conjecturas verisímiles, la gente que primero vino a poblar a esta tierra, de hacia la Florida vino, y costeando vino, y desembarcó en el puerto de Pánuco, que ellos llaman Panco, que quiere decir "lugar donde llegaron los que pasaron el agua". Esta gente venía en demanda del Paraíso Terrenal, y traían por apellido Tamoanchan, que quiere decir "buscamos nuestra casa". Y poblaban cerca de los más altos montes que hallaban. En venir hacia el mediodía a buscar el Paraíso Terrenal no erraban, porque opinión es de los que escriben que está debaxo de la línea equinoctial; y en pensar que es algún altísimo monte tampoco yerran, porque así lo dicen los escritores quel Paraíso Terrenal está debaxo de la línea equinoctial y que es un monte altísimo que llega su cumbre cerca de la Luna. Parece que ellos o sus antepasados tuvieron algún oráculo cerca de esta materia, o de Dios o del Demonio, o tradición de los antiguos que vino de mano en mano hasta ellos. Ellos buscaban lo que por vía humana no se puede hallar, y nuestro señor Dios pretendía que la tierra despoblada se poblase para que algunos de sus descendientes fuesen a poblar el Paraíso Celestial, como agora lo vemos por esperiencia. Mas, ¿para qué me detengo en contar adevinanzas? Pues es certísimo que estas gentes todas son nuestros hermanos, procedientes del tronco de Adam como nosotros. Son nuestros próximos, a quien somos obligados a amar como a nosotros mismos. Quid quid sit. De lo que fueron los tiempos pasados vemos por esperientia agora que son hábiles para todas las artes mecánicas y las exercitan. Son también hábiles para deprender todas las artes liberales y la sancta teología, como por esperiencia se ha visto en aquellos que han sido enseñados en estas cientias; porque de lo que son en las cosas de guerra, esperientia se tiene dellos ansí en la conquista desta tierra como de otras particulares conquistas que después acá se han hecho,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"viv"}