[atolon]drado, precipitado o inconsiderado en todo, e a todos es penoso, fastidioso y enojoso.
\nEl que es ilustre o generoso es como una piedra preciosa y como una joya rica, o como la pluma preciada, y ansí es digno de ser muy bien tratado y regalado e tenido por hombre noble, generoso; al fin, de muy esclarecido linaje y de los finos y mejores caballeros. El generoso de buena condición tiene todo lo siguiente, que ama y respeta a todos; no es soberbio; es pacífico, y con gran cordura todo lo hace, y muy curial en lo que habla. El generoso de mala condición es desasosegado y revoltoso, y con su mala vida y condición a todos es desabrido y desgustoso, mal mirado en su habla y tosco en sus costumbres.
\nEl Hidalgo tiene padre y madre legítimos, y sale o corresponde a los suyos en gesto o en obras.
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"ac231b67-3bce-4e5a-a34e-596f6a909ee1","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and rash or inconsiderate in everything; and he is pitiful, fastidious, and bothersome to everyone.\n\nOne who is illustrious or noble is like a precious stone, like a rich jewel, or like a valuable feather, and he is thus worthy of being treated very well, of being cherished, and considered a noble, wellborn person—finally, someone whose lineage is very illustrious and who belongs among the best and brightest of gentlemen. A well-bred noble person has all the following: he loves and respects everyone; he is not haughty; he is peaceful; he is very sensible in everything he does; and he is very learned in his speech. An ill-bred noble person is uneasy and rowdy; and he is insipid and distasteful to all because of his evil life and nature. His speech is hostile, and his manners are uncouth.\n\n#### Fifth chapter: On the noble people\n\nThe hidalgo[^24] has a legitimate father and mother, and he issues from or corresponds to his own kin in his countenance or in his actions. \n\n\n[^24]: “Hidalgo”: Sahagún uses the term _hidalgo_ in the first paragraph of the chapter to translate the Nahuatl term _tepiltzin_ (revered nobleman). The Spanish word _hidalgo_ derives from a contraction of _hijo de algo_ (_DLE_, s.v. _hidalgo_; son of something), that is, a person of noble lineage, who could be rich or poor. Sahagún’s translation is very apt, as the corresponding Nahuatl _tepiltzin_ means literally “revered child of people.”","html":"and rash or inconsiderate in everything; and he is pitiful, fastidious, and bothersome to everyone.
\nOne who is illustrious or noble is like a precious stone, like a rich jewel, or like a valuable feather, and he is thus worthy of being treated very well, of being cherished, and considered a noble, wellborn person—finally, someone whose lineage is very illustrious and who belongs among the best and brightest of gentlemen. A well-bred noble person has all the following: he loves and respects everyone; he is not haughty; he is peaceful; he is very sensible in everything he does; and he is very learned in his speech. An ill-bred noble person is uneasy and rowdy; and he is insipid and distasteful to all because of his evil life and nature. His speech is hostile, and his manners are uncouth.
\nThe hidalgo1 has a legitimate father and mother, and he issues from or corresponds to his own kin in his countenance or in his actions.
\n“Hidalgo”: Sahagún uses the term hidalgo in the first paragraph of the chapter to translate the Nahuatl term tepiltzin (revered nobleman). The Spanish word hidalgo derives from a contraction of hijo de algo (DLE, s.v. hidalgo; son of something), that is, a person of noble lineage, who could be rich or poor. Sahagún’s translation is very apt, as the corresponding Nahuatl tepiltzin means literally “revered child of people.”↩
xolopitli, oholpatlacheoa, motlauelmaiauini, ca çan ie motequitlaçani, tequalani, tetlahelti, tequalania, tetlaheltia, teuic eoa
\nchalchiuitl, maquiztli teuxiuitl, quetzalli tlaçotli, tlaçotitlacatl, xocoiutl, malhuiloni, tlamaluilli, chonequiztli, hatzoio, hateuhio, uel quiztica tepiltzin.
\nIn qualli tlaçopilli, mauiztililoni, tlaçotlaloni, pialoni, tlamauiztiliani, tetlaçotlani, temauhcaittani amo teixcoieoani, amo teixconemini, iocuxcanemini, tlaiuiianchioa, tlaiuiiantlalia, muchi iectli, muchi qualli, muchi mauiztic in quitoa, in quiteneoa in quitenquixtia, in que.
\nIn amo iectli tlaçopilli aiuiiaio, quauhio, teio, in itlatol, in inemiliz in iieliz, teaman, tetequipacho, ixcultic in itlatol, hanaoatl, tonquimil, tonpotla texiuhtlati, tetequipacho
\nin tepiltzin, nane, tate taoa, tequixti, cemoquichtli centeconetl, teach, teiccauh, iacapantli, tlacoeoa, xocoiutl ueltioa, ic[caue,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"666345d7-3a37-4015-a3ef-fdc3dd745886","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"stupid. He does things backwards. [He is] a spreader of hate—furthermore, impetuous, detestable. He causes nausea; he makes one angry. He causes loathing; he is disrespectful to others.\n\n##### The esteemed noble[^7]\n\n[He is like] a precious green stone, a bracelet of fine turquoise, a precious feather. [He is] an esteemed noble, a youngest child—one who deserves to be treated with tenderness, with care. [He is] a sensitive person, not unclean, not besmirched; a fortunate noble.\n\nThe good esteemed noble [is] illustrious, lovable, cherishable, respectable. [He is] one who loves, who respects others—who does not affront others, who does not offend them; who lives at peace. He provides harmony, establishes peace. What he says, mentions, repeats, composes,[^8] is all wholesome, good, honorable.\n\nThe evil esteemed noble [is] troubled; his speech, his life, his bearing are reprehensible. He disturbs; he causes trouble. His speech [is] twisted, incoherent, disorganized, stupid. He is diffident; he causes trouble.\n\n\n#### Fifth Chapter.[^1] Here are mentioned the honored nobles.[^2]\n\n##### The noble[^3]\n\nThe noble has a mother, a father. He resembles his parents.[^4] [He is] an only man, an only child, an older brother, a younger brother, a first born, a second child, [or] a youngest child. He has an older sister, \n\n\n\n\n[^7]: *”El que es Jll.[e] o generoso”* in *ibid*.\n\n\n[^8]: Read *q̃va* as in *Acad. Hist. MS*.\n\n\n[^1]: The Nahuatl chapter heading appears in the Spanish column, under the Spanish chapter heading.\n\n\n[^2]: In the absence of a definitive study of Aztec social structure, it is preferable here to recognize only the two-fold division of Aztec society into commoners (*maceualli*) and nobles (*pilli*). Hence in Chap. 5 the various Nahuatl terms are translated as “noble,” sometimes with a qualifying adjective. In the *Acad. Hist. MS*, fols. 112–114, opposite each new term for “noble,” Sahagún has written, *otra manera de nobles*. See Alfonso Caso, *Instituciones Indígenas Precortesianas* (Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 1954), Vol. VI, p. 21.\n\n\n[^3]: *”El hidalgo”* in the corresponding Spanish text.\n\n\n[^4]: *Ibid.: “correspõde a los suyos, en gesto o en obras.”*","html":"stupid. He does things backwards. [He is] a spreader of hate—furthermore, impetuous, detestable. He causes nausea; he makes one angry. He causes loathing; he is disrespectful to others.
\n[He is like] a precious green stone, a bracelet of fine turquoise, a precious feather. [He is] an esteemed noble, a youngest child—one who deserves to be treated with tenderness, with care. [He is] a sensitive person, not unclean, not besmirched; a fortunate noble.
\nThe good esteemed noble [is] illustrious, lovable, cherishable, respectable. [He is] one who loves, who respects others—who does not affront others, who does not offend them; who lives at peace. He provides harmony, establishes peace. What he says, mentions, repeats, composes,2 is all wholesome, good, honorable.
\nThe evil esteemed noble [is] troubled; his speech, his life, his bearing are reprehensible. He disturbs; he causes trouble. His speech [is] twisted, incoherent, disorganized, stupid. He is diffident; he causes trouble.
\nThe noble has a mother, a father. He resembles his parents.6 [He is] an only man, an only child, an older brother, a younger brother, a first born, a second child, [or] a youngest child. He has an older sister,
\n”El que es Jll.[e] o generoso” in ibid.↩
Read q̃va as in Acad. Hist. MS.↩
The Nahuatl chapter heading appears in the Spanish column, under the Spanish chapter heading.↩
In the absence of a definitive study of Aztec social structure, it is preferable here to recognize only the two-fold division of Aztec society into commoners (maceualli) and nobles (pilli). Hence in Chap. 5 the various Nahuatl terms are translated as “noble,” sometimes with a qualifying adjective. In the Acad. Hist. MS, fols. 112–114, opposite each new term for “noble,” Sahagún has written, otra manera de nobles. See Alfonso Caso, Instituciones Indígenas Precortesianas (Mexico: Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 1954), Vol. VI, p. 21.↩
”El hidalgo” in the corresponding Spanish text.↩
Ibid.: “correspõde a los suyos, en gesto o en obras.”↩