llamaban cuextecachichimecas, porque hablaban la lengua chichimeca y guasteca. Todos los cuales vivían en policía y tenían sus repúblicas, señores, caciques y principales, poblados con sus casas, abundantes en el victo y vestido, cuyo oficio era también traer y usar flechas y arcos.
\nLos nahuas eran los que hablaban la lengua mexicana, aunque no la hablaban ni pronunciaban tan clara como los perfectos mexicanos. Y aunque eran nahuas, también se llamaban chichimecas, y decían ser de la generación de los tultecas que quedaron cuando los demás tultecas salieron de su pueblo, y se despoblaron, que fue en tiempo cuando el dicho Quetzalcóatl se fue a la región de Tlapallan. Y no eran inhábiles estos nahuas, porque tenían su república con señor y caciques y principales que los regían y gobernaban y procuraban de engrandecer y augmen[tar] su república. Tenían su manera de regocijo de cantar y bailar, con que regocijaban su república, y toda la gente tenían bien de comer y beber. Tenían oficios. Eran prósperos, ricos en tener ropas, joyas, plumas ricas y otras riquezas, y casas, sementeras y truxes llenas. Tenían dios a quien adoraban; invocaban y rogaban, pidiendo lo que les convenía, y le llamaban Yoalli Ehécatl, que quiere
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"c0ab9bea-208c-4477-81ea-c12847857181","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"they called Cuextecachichimecas, because they spoke both the Chichimeca and the Huaxteca languages. All these [peoples] lived in a civilized manner and had their own republics, lords, caciques, and nobles, towns with houses, and abundant clothing and food; and their occupation also consisted of carrying and using bows and arrows.\n\n##### Paragraph 5: Here is explained who were [the people who] were called Nahuas\n\nThe Nahuas were those who spoke the Mexican language, although they did not speak or pronounce it as clearly as the Mexicans, [who did so] perfectly. And even though they were Nahuas, they were also called Chichimecas; and they said that they came from the lineage of those Toltecs who stayed behind when the rest of the Toltecs left their town and were displaced. And this happened during the time when this Quetzalcoatl went away to the region of Tlapallan. And these Nahuas were not lacking in skill, because they had their own republic with their own lord, caciques, and nobles who ruled and governed them, and who took care to enlarge and increase their republic. They had their own way of celebrating with singing and dancing, with which they delighted their republic; and all the people had plenty to eat and drink. They had trades. They were prosperous and wealthy in having clothes, jewels, valuable feathers, and other riches, as well as houses, cultivated plots, and full grain bins. They had a god whom they worshiped, invoked, and prayed to, asking for what they needed; and they called him Yohualli Ehecatl, which means","html":"they called Cuextecachichimecas, because they spoke both the Chichimeca and the Huaxteca languages. All these [peoples] lived in a civilized manner and had their own republics, lords, caciques, and nobles, towns with houses, and abundant clothing and food; and their occupation also consisted of carrying and using bows and arrows.
\nThe Nahuas were those who spoke the Mexican language, although they did not speak or pronounce it as clearly as the Mexicans, [who did so] perfectly. And even though they were Nahuas, they were also called Chichimecas; and they said that they came from the lineage of those Toltecs who stayed behind when the rest of the Toltecs left their town and were displaced. And this happened during the time when this Quetzalcoatl went away to the region of Tlapallan. And these Nahuas were not lacking in skill, because they had their own republic with their own lord, caciques, and nobles who ruled and governed them, and who took care to enlarge and increase their republic. They had their own way of celebrating with singing and dancing, with which they delighted their republic; and all the people had plenty to eat and drink. They had trades. They were prosperous and wealthy in having clothes, jewels, valuable feathers, and other riches, as well as houses, cultivated plots, and full grain bins. They had a god whom they worshiped, invoked, and prayed to, asking for what they needed; and they called him Yohualli Ehecatl, which means
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"46f0f426-1fe5-46ac-87cb-6a0fead481c2","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[tlâto]caoaque, pilloque, auh altepeonoque, motlaquentia, mjmati, vnca qujquani, chanonoque, iece no intequiuh in mjtl in tlavitolli \n\nNican mjtoa, moteneoa in aqujque mjtoa naoa. In naoa: iehoantin in naoatlatolli ic tlatoa, in achi mexica tlatoa, in maca nel iuh tlanquj, in maca nel iuh qujzquj, in maço quenjn contlatlalia.\n\nInjque in iuh mjtoa: ca qujmotocaiotia chichimeca, mochanecatoca, qujtoznequj tulteca: qujl iehoantin in qujnchachaiauhteoaque tulteca, in iquac iaque, in jquac atlan calac topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, in ia in motecato in tlapalla in tlatlaia.\n\nInjque in mozcalia tecuioque, pilloque, tlatocaioque: auh pilti, tecuti, tlatocati, tlapachoa, altepeonoque, qujveilia, qujuecapanoa, qujxpatlaoa in imauh, in jntepeuh: cujcamana veuequetza mjtoa, qujxitia in atl, in tepetl, qujcaoanja: vnca qujquanj, motlaiecultianj, aoaque, tlaqualeque, tlaquemeque, cozqueque, quetzaleque, macuexeque, chaneque, caleque, mj[leque,]","html":"[tlâto]caoaque, pilloque, auh altepeonoque, motlaquentia, mjmati, vnca qujquani, chanonoque, iece no intequiuh in mjtl in tlavitolli
\nNican mjtoa, moteneoa in aqujque mjtoa naoa. In naoa: iehoantin in naoatlatolli ic tlatoa, in achi mexica tlatoa, in maca nel iuh tlanquj, in maca nel iuh qujzquj, in maço quenjn contlatlalia.
\nInjque in iuh mjtoa: ca qujmotocaiotia chichimeca, mochanecatoca, qujtoznequj tulteca: qujl iehoantin in qujnchachaiauhteoaque tulteca, in iquac iaque, in jquac atlan calac topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, in ia in motecato in tlapalla in tlatlaia.
\nInjque in mozcalia tecuioque, pilloque, tlatocaioque: auh pilti, tecuti, tlatocati, tlapachoa, altepeonoque, qujveilia, qujuecapanoa, qujxpatlaoa in imauh, in jntepeuh: cujcamana veuequetza mjtoa, qujxitia in atl, in tepetl, qujcaoanja: vnca qujquanj, motlaiecultianj, aoaque, tlaqualeque, tlaquemeque, cozqueque, quetzaleque, macuexeque, chaneque, caleque, mj[leque,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"fe286fc2-908c-43bf-8af3-6ca6b2cd9a41","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"They had rulers, they had noblemen; and they were city dwellers, they were clothed, they were clever. There was [food] to eat; they were house dwellers. But also their preoccupations were the arrow [and] the bow.\n\nHere are mentioned—are named—those called Nahua. They are the ones who speak the Nahuatl language. They speak a little [like] the Mexica, although not really perfectly, not really pronounced in the same way; they pronounce it somehow.\n\nThese thus mentioned called themselves Chichimeca mochanecatoca, that is to say, Tolteca.[^36] It is said these caused the Tolteca to disperse when they went away, when Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl entered the water, when he went to settle in the place of the red color, the place of the burning.[^37]\n\nThese [Nahua] were able; they had lords, nobles, rulers. And the nobles, the lords, the rulers governed the inhabitants of the city; they enlarged, extended, increased their city; they provided song, they set up the ground drum. It is said they enlivened the city; they made it illustrious. There was [food] to eat, provisions. They had drink, food, clothes, necklaces, quetzal feathers, arm bands, homes, houses, \n\n\n\n\n[^36]: Cf. Walter Lehmann: *Die Geschichte der Königreiche von Colhuacan und Mexico* (Stuttgart und Berlin: W. Kohlhammer, 1938), p. 62, n. 2: *Laute, die alle aus ihren Häusern vom Winde vertrieben wurden.* Corresponding Spanish text: *”aunque eran naoas: tambien se llamavan chichimecas, y dezian: ser de la generacion de los tultecas, que quedaron quando los demas tultecas salieron de su pueblo, y se despoblaron.”*\n\n\n[^37]: Lehmann, *op. cit*., p. 91: *ye mòtocayotia yn tlatlayan yn ompa motlaito yn quetzalcoatl*—thus is it named place of burning; it is there where Quetzalcoatl went to burn himself.","html":"They had rulers, they had noblemen; and they were city dwellers, they were clothed, they were clever. There was [food] to eat; they were house dwellers. But also their preoccupations were the arrow [and] the bow.
\nHere are mentioned—are named—those called Nahua. They are the ones who speak the Nahuatl language. They speak a little [like] the Mexica, although not really perfectly, not really pronounced in the same way; they pronounce it somehow.
\nThese thus mentioned called themselves Chichimeca mochanecatoca, that is to say, Tolteca.1 It is said these caused the Tolteca to disperse when they went away, when Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl entered the water, when he went to settle in the place of the red color, the place of the burning.2
\nThese [Nahua] were able; they had lords, nobles, rulers. And the nobles, the lords, the rulers governed the inhabitants of the city; they enlarged, extended, increased their city; they provided song, they set up the ground drum. It is said they enlivened the city; they made it illustrious. There was [food] to eat, provisions. They had drink, food, clothes, necklaces, quetzal feathers, arm bands, homes, houses,
\nCf. Walter Lehmann: Die Geschichte der Königreiche von Colhuacan und Mexico (Stuttgart und Berlin: W. Kohlhammer, 1938), p. 62, n. 2: Laute, die alle aus ihren Häusern vom Winde vertrieben wurden. Corresponding Spanish text: ”aunque eran naoas: tambien se llamavan chichimecas, y dezian: ser de la generacion de los tultecas, que quedaron quando los demas tultecas salieron de su pueblo, y se despoblaron.”↩
Lehmann, op. cit., p. 91: ye mòtocayotia yn tlatlayan yn ompa motlaito yn quetzalcoatl—thus is it named place of burning; it is there where Quetzalcoatl went to burn himself.↩