{"id":"c56e1fc3-f5ca-4148-b48a-5c08c5eb44e4","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/132r/","folio":"132r","book":"10"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/131v/","folio":"131v","book":"10"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/132v/","folio":"132v","book":"10"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_134r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/95293e29-f363-4c4e-8fb6-bcfa831f4c5d/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_10.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/656ea8c9-766b-4aa6-ab2c-a14acc24c2e2/","canvas_label":{"en":["132r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas.","book_number":"10","total_folios":315,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"4cabb368-a145-4096-aeab-0e08410dabb7","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"maíz tostado que llaman _mumúchitl_, que es como una flor muy blanca cada grano. Su ropa era mantas de maguey. \n\nÉstos también eran muy maléficos, porque usaban de hechicerías. Su ídolo destos tolucas era llamado Coltzin. Hacíanle muchas maneras de fiestas y honra, y cuando celebraban su fiesta ellos solamente la celebraban, sin que las ayudasen para ella los mexicanos y tepanecas. Y cuando hacían sacrificio de alguna persona, lo estruxaban retorciéndolo con cordeles puestos a manera de red, y dentro dellos los estruxaban tanto que por las mallas de la red salían los huesos de los brazos y pies, y derramaban la sangre delante de su ídolo. \n\n##### La bondad o virtud dellos. \n\nEstos ya dichos eran grandes trabajadores en labrar sus sementeras, y recios y para mucho, y cargábanse grandes cargas. Tenían costumbre de bañarse por las mañanas. \n\nLos que se llaman ocuiltecas. Estos que se llaman ocuiltecas","html":"<p>maíz tostado que llaman <em>mumúchitl</em>, que es como una flor muy blanca cada grano. Su ropa era mantas de maguey.</p>\n<p>Éstos también eran muy maléficos, porque usaban de hechicerías. Su ídolo destos tolucas era llamado Coltzin. Hacíanle muchas maneras de fiestas y honra, y cuando celebraban su fiesta ellos solamente la celebraban, sin que las ayudasen para ella los mexicanos y tepanecas. Y cuando hacían sacrificio de alguna persona, lo estruxaban retorciéndolo con cordeles puestos a manera de red, y dentro dellos los estruxaban tanto que por las mallas de la red salían los huesos de los brazos y pies, y derramaban la sangre delante de su ídolo.</p>\n<h5>La bondad o virtud dellos.</h5>\n<p>Estos ya dichos eran grandes trabajadores en labrar sus sementeras, y recios y para mucho, y cargábanse grandes cargas. Tenían costumbre de bañarse por las mañanas.</p>\n<p>Los que se llaman ocuiltecas. Estos que se llaman ocuiltecas</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"31221712-481f-47d0-a214-84967b3e16ea","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"The toasted maize that they call _momochitl_, whose every grain is like a very white flower, is also made in their land. Their clothes were capes made of maguey [fiber].\n\nThese [people] were also very evil, because they used to practice witchcraft. The idol of these Tolucas was called Coltzin. They used to celebrate many types of festivals and honors for him, and whenever they celebrated his festival, they were the only ones celebrating, without any assistance from the Mexicans or the Tepanecas. And whenever they performed the sacrifice of a person, they would crush [this person] by wringing him or her with cords arranged to form a net. And they would squeeze [those being sacrificed] so hard that the bones of their arms and feet would come out through the holes of the net, and they would pour out their blood in front of their idol.\n\n##### Their kindness or virtue\n\nThese [people] already mentioned were hard workers when they tilled their fields; and they were tough and very hardy, and they would carry very heavy loads. They had the custom of taking morning baths.\n\n##### The ones who are called Ocuiltecas\n\nThese [people] who are called Ocuiltecas","html":"<p>The toasted maize that they call <em>momochitl</em>, whose every grain is like a very white flower, is also made in their land. Their clothes were capes made of maguey [fiber].</p>\n<p>These [people] were also very evil, because they used to practice witchcraft. The idol of these Tolucas was called Coltzin. They used to celebrate many types of festivals and honors for him, and whenever they celebrated his festival, they were the only ones celebrating, without any assistance from the Mexicans or the Tepanecas. And whenever they performed the sacrifice of a person, they would crush [this person] by wringing him or her with cords arranged to form a net. And they would squeeze [those being sacrificed] so hard that the bones of their arms and feet would come out through the holes of the net, and they would pour out their blood in front of their idol.</p>\n<h5>Their kindness or virtue</h5>\n<p>These [people] already mentioned were hard workers when they tilled their fields; and they were tough and very hardy, and they would carry very heavy loads. They had the custom of taking morning baths.</p>\n<h5>The ones who are called Ocuiltecas</h5>\n<p>These [people] who are called Ocuiltecas</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"91633f00-531d-482e-ba8c-266d3e0bda69","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"mochioa in jncha, in momochitl. In jntlaquen, in jntilma catca, ichtli, imjchtilma catca, imjchmaxtli catca. Injque in, no qujmotequjtia, no qujmaviltia in texoxaliztli, in tehipitzaliztli.\n\nIn jnteouh in toloque, itoca Coltzin: mjec tlamantli inic qujmaviztiliaia, aiac quen ipan, amo tepan qujtecaia, nonqua ilhujtlaia, amo qujnpaleviaia in mexica, in tepaneca: \n\nin jquac tlacamjctiaia, çan qujmecapatzcaia in maceoaltzintli, matlac contlalia qujpatzca in jmatzopaz, in jqueztepul, in jomjcicujl: matlacopa oalqujqujça vncan no oalmotetepeoa, in eztli.\n\n##### In jnqualtiliz\nCenca elimjqujnj, cenca ichtique, cenca tlamamani oc iooac in maltianj.\n\n##### Nican achi vnmjtoa: in aqujque ocujlteca. \nIn mjtoa ocujlteca: çan","html":"<p>mochioa in jncha, in momochitl. In jntlaquen, in jntilma catca, ichtli, imjchtilma catca, imjchmaxtli catca. Injque in, no qujmotequjtia, no qujmaviltia in texoxaliztli, in tehipitzaliztli.</p>\n<p>In jnteouh in toloque, itoca Coltzin: mjec tlamantli inic qujmaviztiliaia, aiac quen ipan, amo tepan qujtecaia, nonqua ilhujtlaia, amo qujnpaleviaia in mexica, in tepaneca:</p>\n<p>in jquac tlacamjctiaia, çan qujmecapatzcaia in maceoaltzintli, matlac contlalia qujpatzca in jmatzopaz, in jqueztepul, in jomjcicujl: matlacopa oalqujqujça vncan no oalmotetepeoa, in eztli.</p>\n<h5>In jnqualtiliz</h5>\n<p>Cenca elimjqujnj, cenca ichtique, cenca tlamamani oc iooac in maltianj.</p>\n<h5>Nican achi vnmjtoa: in aqujque ocujlteca.</h5>\n<p>In mjtoa ocujlteca: çan</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"b0632661-f635-4d67-ba10-cdab0d6fa86e","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Popcorn was produced right there in their land. Their clothes, their capes, were of maguey fiber; theirs were maguey fiber capes; theirs were the maguey fiber breech clouts. These also occupied themselves with, they enjoyed, the bewitching of people, the blowing of evil upon people.\n\nThe name of the god of the Toloque was Coltzin. They showed him honor in many ways. No others knew of him; no others glorified him; by themselves they celebrated the feast day. The Mexica, the Tepaneca helped them not.\n\nWhen they sacrificed a person they merely crushed a poor commoner in a net. They placed him in a net; they crushed him. His arm bones, his leg bones, his ribs came out from the net; also there [before the image] the blood dripped.\n\n##### Their virtues\n\n[They were] great workers of the land, very sinewy, great bearers of burdens. They were bathers in the early dawn.\n\n##### Here a little is told of those who are the Ocuilteca.\n\nThose called Ocuilteca","html":"<p>Popcorn was produced right there in their land. Their clothes, their capes, were of maguey fiber; theirs were maguey fiber capes; theirs were the maguey fiber breech clouts. These also occupied themselves with, they enjoyed, the bewitching of people, the blowing of evil upon people.</p>\n<p>The name of the god of the Toloque was Coltzin. They showed him honor in many ways. No others knew of him; no others glorified him; by themselves they celebrated the feast day. The Mexica, the Tepaneca helped them not.</p>\n<p>When they sacrificed a person they merely crushed a poor commoner in a net. They placed him in a net; they crushed him. His arm bones, his leg bones, his ribs came out from the net; also there [before the image] the blood dripped.</p>\n<h5>Their virtues</h5>\n<p>[They were] great workers of the land, very sinewy, great bearers of burdens. They were bathers in the early dawn.</p>\n<h5>Here a little is told of those who are the Ocuilteca.</h5>\n<p>Those called Ocuilteca</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"132r"}