{"id":"cb4fa9e1-e846-4e1f-81a7-3cad72e1feb7","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/47r/","folio":"47r","book":"10"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/46v/","folio":"46v","book":"10"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/47v/","folio":"47v","book":"10"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_49r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/d9b5ef3a-a054-439d-8762-a3bf27e7ed49/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_10.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/0dcd7d29-5c08-46b2-adc5-c82d90ffee18/","canvas_label":{"en":["47r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas.","book_number":"10","total_folios":315,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"c6130c18-6d72-4e07-b54e-8334f9dc3fcf","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"[almen]dras mete una masa negra o cera negra que parece sea semejante al meollo dellas, y algunas veces los cuescos de aguacates los hacen pedazos, y redondéalos, y ansí redondeados los meten en las cáscaras vacías de las almendras; y las que son menuditas o pequeñitas, todas las mezcla, o las envuelven con las otras almendras, que son cenicientas o frescas, y aun con las otras bastardas que parecen ser también cacaos, que tienen por nombre _cuauhptlachtli_, lo cual hace para engañar a los que compra.\n\nEl que vende maíz suele ser labrador o lo compra de los labradores para tornallo a vender. El que es buen tratante en este oficio, el maíz que vende es limpio, gordo, sin alguna falla, recio y macizo y duro, y cada genero de maíz véndelo por sí: el blanco, el prieto o el envuelto uno con otro, el blando, el amarillo; y por sí el maíz del valle de Tulucan, y el maíz de otros pueblos, ora sea en grano que sea blando, que sea macizo, cada cosa por sí vende.","html":"<p>[almen]dras mete una masa negra o cera negra que parece sea semejante al meollo dellas, y algunas veces los cuescos de aguacates los hacen pedazos, y redondéalos, y ansí redondeados los meten en las cáscaras vacías de las almendras; y las que son menuditas o pequeñitas, todas las mezcla, o las envuelven con las otras almendras, que son cenicientas o frescas, y aun con las otras bastardas que parecen ser también cacaos, que tienen por nombre <em>cuauhptlachtli</em>, lo cual hace para engañar a los que compra.</p>\n<p>El que vende maíz suele ser labrador o lo compra de los labradores para tornallo a vender. El que es buen tratante en este oficio, el maíz que vende es limpio, gordo, sin alguna falla, recio y macizo y duro, y cada genero de maíz véndelo por sí: el blanco, el prieto o el envuelto uno con otro, el blando, el amarillo; y por sí el maíz del valle de Tulucan, y el maíz de otros pueblos, ora sea en grano que sea blando, que sea macizo, cada cosa por sí vende.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"38081883-c045-4bef-a3a6-72536fd11e89","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"a black dough or black wax that looks similar to their kernels. And sometimes they shatter avocado pits, make them round, and when they are thus rounded, they put them inside the empty seed husks. And they mix the ones that are tiny or very small all together, or they cover them with the other seeds that are ashen colored or fresh, or even with the other bastard ones that also look like cacao [beans] and have the name _cuauhptlachtli_. And all this is done to deceive the buyer.\n\nThe maize seller is usually a farmer or buys it from the farmers to resell it. A good dealer in this trade sells maize that is clean, fat, flawless, tough, solid, and hard. And he sells each type of maize separately: the white, the dark, the one that has both colors,[^63] the tender one, or the yellow one. And the maize from the valley of Toluca [is sold] separately. As for the maize that comes from other towns, whether it is the tender grain or the solid one, he sells each kind separately. \n\n\n[^63]: “The one . . . colors”: _o el envuelto uno con otro_; the corresponding Nahuatl term is _tlaolnenel_.","html":"<p>a black dough or black wax that looks similar to their kernels. And sometimes they shatter avocado pits, make them round, and when they are thus rounded, they put them inside the empty seed husks. And they mix the ones that are tiny or very small all together, or they cover them with the other seeds that are ashen colored or fresh, or even with the other bastard ones that also look like cacao [beans] and have the name <em>cuauhptlachtli</em>. And all this is done to deceive the buyer.</p>\n<p>The maize seller is usually a farmer or buys it from the farmers to resell it. A good dealer in this trade sells maize that is clean, fat, flawless, tough, solid, and hard. And he sells each type of maize separately: the white, the dark, the one that has both colors,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> the tender one, or the yellow one. And the maize from the valley of Toluca [is sold] separately. As for the maize that comes from other towns, whether it is the tender grain or the solid one, he sells each kind separately.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>“The one . . . colors”: <em>o el envuelto uno con otro</em>; the corresponding Nahuatl term is <em>tlaolnenel</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"3dde7503-9df0-4f43-a121-2eb713cbaf42","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"cacaltic, in quimichnacaztic, quicenneloa, quicepanneloa, quimotlaltia, itlan caquia, quicepanmictia, nel quappatlachtli itlã quitlaça, quimotlaltia, inic teca mocaiaoa.\n\n##### Tlaolnamacac:\n\nin tlaolnamacac, milchiuhqui, tlalchiuhqui, anoço tlanecuilo\n\nIn qualli tlaolnamacac: in quinamaca tlaolli, chipaoac, tetzcaltic, tolontic, tomaoac, qualli, atlê yiaioca acan ca, yiaioca, tepitztic, tlaquaoac, coioltic, tecpatic, xocollotic, tlanononquanamaca, tlaioiocanamaca, nonqua in iztac, iiauitl, in tlaolnenel nonqua in poxaoac in coztic, in xiuhtoctli, nononqua quinamaca in chalcaiutl, in matlatzincaiutl, in aculoacaiutl, in teutlalpanecaiutl, in tonaiã muchioa, in tlaluicaiutl, in tlaxcaltecaiutl, in michoacaiutl, in ie ixquich tonaian muchioa, cintlaolli, nonqua in quinamaca in poxaoac in çonectic, in açotic","html":"<p>cacaltic, in quimichnacaztic, quicenneloa, quicepanneloa, quimotlaltia, itlan caquia, quicepanmictia, nel quappatlachtli itlã quitlaça, quimotlaltia, inic teca mocaiaoa.</p>\n<h5>Tlaolnamacac:</h5>\n<p>in tlaolnamacac, milchiuhqui, tlalchiuhqui, anoço tlanecuilo</p>\n<p>In qualli tlaolnamacac: in quinamaca tlaolli, chipaoac, tetzcaltic, tolontic, tomaoac, qualli, atlê yiaioca acan ca, yiaioca, tepitztic, tlaquaoac, coioltic, tecpatic, xocollotic, tlanononquanamaca, tlaioiocanamaca, nonqua in iztac, iiauitl, in tlaolnenel nonqua in poxaoac in coztic, in xiuhtoctli, nononqua quinamaca in chalcaiutl, in matlatzincaiutl, in aculoacaiutl, in teutlalpanecaiutl, in tonaiã muchioa, in tlaluicaiutl, in tlaxcaltecaiutl, in michoacaiutl, in ie ixquich tonaian muchioa, cintlaolli, nonqua in quinamaca in poxaoac in çonectic, in açotic</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"52ac4937-29f5-4350-8db4-920357dd1a19","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"the hollow, the tiny. Indeed he casts, he throws in with them wild cacao[^4] beans to deceive the people.\n\n##### The seller of maize grains\n\nThe seller of maize grains [is] a worker of the fields, a worker of the land, or a retailer.\n\nThe good seller of maize grains sells grains of maize [which are] clean, smooth, round, full, good, flawless, perfect, firm, hard; like a copper bell, like flint, like fruit pits.[^5] Each [sort] he sells separately, he sells prudently; separately the white, the black, the varicolored; separately the soft, the yellow, the red. Each one separately he sells, that of Chalco, of the Matlatzinca, of Acolhuacan, of the people of the north desert lands;[^6] that produced in the tropics—that of the Tlalhuica, of Tlaxcalla, of Michoacan, all ears of maize produced in the tropics. Separately he sells the soft, the spongy, the uneven. \n\n\n\n\n[^4]: Corresponding Spanish text: *&#8221;otras bastardas, que parecen ser tambien cacaos que tienen por nombre quauhpatlachtli.&#8221;* Also cf. *infra*, chap. xxix, in discussion of the Olmeca.\n\n\n[^5]: *Acad. Hist. MS: xocoyollotic*.\n\n\n[^6]: Cf. Eduard Seler: *Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach und Alterumskunde*, (Berlin: Ascher und Co., 1902–23), VI, p. 267.","html":"<p>the hollow, the tiny. Indeed he casts, he throws in with them wild cacao<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> beans to deceive the people.</p>\n<h5>The seller of maize grains</h5>\n<p>The seller of maize grains [is] a worker of the fields, a worker of the land, or a retailer.</p>\n<p>The good seller of maize grains sells grains of maize [which are] clean, smooth, round, full, good, flawless, perfect, firm, hard; like a copper bell, like flint, like fruit pits.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> Each [sort] he sells separately, he sells prudently; separately the white, the black, the varicolored; separately the soft, the yellow, the red. Each one separately he sells, that of Chalco, of the Matlatzinca, of Acolhuacan, of the people of the north desert lands;<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup> that produced in the tropics—that of the Tlalhuica, of Tlaxcalla, of Michoacan, all ears of maize produced in the tropics. Separately he sells the soft, the spongy, the uneven.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Corresponding Spanish text: <em>”otras bastardas, que parecen ser tambien cacaos que tienen por nombre quauhpatlachtli.”</em> Also cf. <em>infra</em>, chap. xxix, in discussion of the Olmeca.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Acad. Hist. MS: xocoyollotic</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p>Cf. Eduard Seler: <em>Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach und Alterumskunde</em>, (Berlin: Ascher und Co., 1902–23), VI, p. 267.<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"47r"}