{"id":"88a013e6-3f65-4f5a-907d-f305af05b2a1","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/65r/","folio":"65r","book":"10"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/64v/","folio":"64v","book":"10"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/folio/65v/","folio":"65v","book":"10"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_67r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ccd8b929-ab03-49e8-a84b-903ad246e6c4/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_10.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/1d656397-151c-4e56-a903-83ad166c70fb/","canvas_label":{"en":["65r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas.","book_number":"10","total_folios":315,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"3401a27a-7a89-4ff6-9486-8046cf6bfb20","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"mujeres, y cuando se echa en el fuego su olor se derrama lexos.\n\nHay dos géneros deste betún: el uno es del con que se mezcla la masa o la resina olorosa que se mete dentro de los cañutos con que dan buen y trascendiente olor; y el otro género es de la pez que mascan las mujeres, llamada _tzictli_. Y para que la puedan mascar, mézclanla con el _axin_, con el cual se ablanda. De otra manera no se podrá mascar, antes se deshace. Y por la mayor parte suélenla mascar las muchachas y las mozas que ya son adultas, y las que ya son mujeres; pero no la cascan todas en público, sino las solteras o doncellas, porque las casadas y viudas, puesto caso que la masquen, pero no lo hacen en público, sino en sus casas. Y las que son públicas mujeres, sin vergüenza alguna ándala mascando en todas partes: en las calles, en el tiánguiz, sonando las dentelladas como castanetas. Las otras mujeres que no son públicas, si lo mesmo hacen, no dexan de ser notadas de malas y ruines mujeres por aquello.","html":"<p>mujeres, y cuando se echa en el fuego su olor se derrama lexos.</p>\n<p>Hay dos géneros deste betún: el uno es del con que se mezcla la masa o la resina olorosa que se mete dentro de los cañutos con que dan buen y trascendiente olor; y el otro género es de la pez que mascan las mujeres, llamada <em>tzictli</em>. Y para que la puedan mascar, mézclanla con el <em>axin</em>, con el cual se ablanda. De otra manera no se podrá mascar, antes se deshace. Y por la mayor parte suélenla mascar las muchachas y las mozas que ya son adultas, y las que ya son mujeres; pero no la cascan todas en público, sino las solteras o doncellas, porque las casadas y viudas, puesto caso que la masquen, pero no lo hacen en público, sino en sus casas. Y las que son públicas mujeres, sin vergüenza alguna ándala mascando en todas partes: en las calles, en el tiánguiz, sonando las dentelladas como castanetas. Las otras mujeres que no son públicas, si lo mesmo hacen, no dexan de ser notadas de malas y ruines mujeres por aquello.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"3ccc2d3a-4a16-439c-9eba-183e36d5ffd7","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"women; and its smell spreads far and wide when it is thrown into the fire.\n\nThere are two types of this bitumen: one is the one that is mixed with the mixture[^101] or with the fragrant resin that is put inside [smoking] tubes so that they produce a good and pervasive smell. And the other type is the tar that women chew, called _tzictli_. And to be able to chew it, they mix it with _axin_, which softens it. One will not be able to chew it otherwise, as it will disintegrate. And for the most part, it is usually chewed by the girls, the young women who are already adults, and the ones who are already [grown] women. However, not all of them chew it in public, but only the single girls or maidens, because the married women and widows—if they happen to chew it—do it not in public but at home. And the ones who are public women go about shamelessly chewing it everywhere—in the streets, in the _tianquiz_—making their teeth sound like castanets.\n\nIf other women who are not public women happen to do the same, they are certainly considered to be bad and contemptible women because of it. \n\n\n[^101]: That is, mixture or mound of tobacco (_yetl_).","html":"<p>women; and its smell spreads far and wide when it is thrown into the fire.</p>\n<p>There are two types of this bitumen: one is the one that is mixed with the mixture<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> or with the fragrant resin that is put inside [smoking] tubes so that they produce a good and pervasive smell. And the other type is the tar that women chew, called <em>tzictli</em>. And to be able to chew it, they mix it with <em>axin</em>, which softens it. One will not be able to chew it otherwise, as it will disintegrate. And for the most part, it is usually chewed by the girls, the young women who are already adults, and the ones who are already [grown] women. However, not all of them chew it in public, but only the single girls or maidens, because the married women and widows—if they happen to chew it—do it not in public but at home. And the ones who are public women go about shamelessly chewing it everywhere—in the streets, in the <em>tianquiz</em>—making their teeth sound like castanets.</p>\n<p>If other women who are not public women happen to do the same, they are certainly considered to be bad and contemptible women because of it.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>That is, mixture or mound of tobacco (<em>yetl</em>).<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"14c960d8-19db-4c5a-bd94-d8104499cb5c","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[tla]çotli in iiaca in iuelica, in tletl quitta, in tleco motlaça centlalli momana in iiauiiaca.\n\nIn chapuputli: ontlamantli inic monequi. Inic centlamantli ic monequi: iietlalli moneloa ic mauialia in iietlalli centlalli momana in iiauiaca iietl chapupuio. Inic ontlamantli imonecca: cioa intech monequi quiquaqua in chapuputli. Auh inin quiquaqua itoca tzictli, amo çan iuhqui in quiquaqua, caxuia, axin quineloa, in çan iuhqui amo uel moquaqua, çan papaiaca, auh inic qualtia maxuia, axin moneneloa, ic atia, ic iamania.\n\nAuh in inpaniti tzicquaqualiztli in innemac, iehoantin in ichpopuchtotonti, in ichpuchtepitoton, in cioapipiltotonti: no iehoantin intech monequi in ie uel cioa in ie uel ichpopuchti: ioan muchin in cioa, in ichpopuchti mixmana in tzicquaqua.\n\nIn tecioaoan no tzic[quaqua]","html":"<p>[tla]çotli in iiaca in iuelica, in tletl quitta, in tleco motlaça centlalli momana in iiauiiaca.</p>\n<p>In chapuputli: ontlamantli inic monequi. Inic centlamantli ic monequi: iietlalli moneloa ic mauialia in iietlalli centlalli momana in iiauiaca iietl chapupuio. Inic ontlamantli imonecca: cioa intech monequi quiquaqua in chapuputli. Auh inin quiquaqua itoca tzictli, amo çan iuhqui in quiquaqua, caxuia, axin quineloa, in çan iuhqui amo uel moquaqua, çan papaiaca, auh inic qualtia maxuia, axin moneneloa, ic atia, ic iamania.</p>\n<p>Auh in inpaniti tzicquaqualiztli in innemac, iehoantin in ichpopuchtotonti, in ichpuchtepitoton, in cioapipiltotonti: no iehoantin intech monequi in ie uel cioa in ie uel ichpopuchti: ioan muchin in cioa, in ichpopuchti mixmana in tzicquaqua.</p>\n<p>In tecioaoan no tzic[quaqua]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"4727f3f7-6dd0-473e-985c-d6a2d844b869","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"precious. When it is exposed to the fire, when it is cast in the fire, its scent spreads over the whole land.\n\nBitumen is used for two [purposes]. The first [purpose] for which it is used is to be mixed with pulverized tobacco, so that the pulverized tobacco may be made pleasing. The pleasing scent of the tobacco with bitumen spreads over the whole land. As its second use, it is used by women; they chew the bitumen. And what they chew [is] named chicle. They do not chew it alone; they provide it with *axin*.[^42] They mix it with *axin*. It cannot be chewed alone; it crumbles. And in this manner it is improved: *axin* is provided, *axin* is mixed in, so that it is softened, smoothed.\n\nAnd the chewing of chicle [is] the preference, the privilege of the little girls, the small girls, the young women. Also the mature women, the unmarried women use it; and all the women who [are] unmarried chew chicle in public.\n\nOne&#8217;s wife also \n\n\n\n\n[^42]: *Coccus axin*: &#8220;axi, axin or aje, an oily yellowish substance which is produced by a scale insect of the same name upon the branches of *Jatropha curcas, Spondias*, and other trees&#8221;—Paul C. Standley: &#8220;Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,&#8221; *Contributions from the United States National Herbarium* (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1923), Vol. 23, Pt. 3, p. 641.","html":"<p>precious. When it is exposed to the fire, when it is cast in the fire, its scent spreads over the whole land.</p>\n<p>Bitumen is used for two [purposes]. The first [purpose] for which it is used is to be mixed with pulverized tobacco, so that the pulverized tobacco may be made pleasing. The pleasing scent of the tobacco with bitumen spreads over the whole land. As its second use, it is used by women; they chew the bitumen. And what they chew [is] named chicle. They do not chew it alone; they provide it with <em>axin</em>.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> They mix it with <em>axin</em>. It cannot be chewed alone; it crumbles. And in this manner it is improved: <em>axin</em> is provided, <em>axin</em> is mixed in, so that it is softened, smoothed.</p>\n<p>And the chewing of chicle [is] the preference, the privilege of the little girls, the small girls, the young women. Also the mature women, the unmarried women use it; and all the women who [are] unmarried chew chicle in public.</p>\n<p>One’s wife also</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Coccus axin</em>: “axi, axin or aje, an oily yellowish substance which is produced by a scale insect of the same name upon the branches of <em>Jatropha curcas, Spondias</em>, and other trees”—Paul C. Standley: “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” <em>Contributions from the United States National Herbarium</em> (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1923), Vol. 23, Pt. 3, p. 641.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"65r"}