también el oficio de albañilería y cantería y carpintería; también los oficios de sastres y zapateros, sederos, impresores, escribanos, lectores, contadores, músicos de canto llano, de canto de órgano; tañer flautas, cheremías, xacabuches, trumpetas, órganos; saber gramática, lógica y retórica, astrología, teología. Todo esto tenemos por experiencia que tienen habilidad para ello, lo deprenden y lo saben, y lo enseñan, y no hay arte ninguna que no tengan habilidad para deprenderla y usarla. En lo que toca a que eran para más en los tiempos pasados, ansí para el regimiento de la república como para servicio de las dioses, es la causa porque tenían el negocio de su regimiento conforme a la necesidad de la gente, y por esto los muchachos y muchachas criábanlos con gran rigor hasta que eran adultos, y esto no en casa de sus padres, porque no eran poderosos para criarlos como convenía, cada uno en su casa, y por esto criábanlos de comunidad debaxo de maestros muy solícitos y rigorosos, los hombres a su parte y las mujeres a la suya. Allí los enseñaban cómo habían de honrar a sus dioses y cómo habían
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"fc56c0a2-287f-4d6c-8e36-7258fd6d950e","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"also the trades of bricklaying, masonry, and carpentry; also the trades of tailors, shoemakers, silk makers, printers, scribes, readers, accountants; plainsong singers and singers accompanying an organ;[^113] of playing flutes, shawms, sackbuts, trumpets, and organs; and the knowledge of grammar, logic, rhetoric, astrology, and theology. We know from experience that they have the ability [to practice] all those things; that they learn, know, and teach them; and that there is no art that they do not have the capacity to learn and practice. With regard to what they were most capable of in the past—both in the governance of the republic and in service of their gods—the cause lies in that they conducted the business of governing in accordance with the need of the people. And this is why they raised boys and girls with the utmost strictness until they were adults; and this was not done in their parents’ home, because they did not have enough power to raise them as was appropriate, with each one in his or her own home. And this is why they raised them communally under very attentive and rigorous teachers, with the males and females [separated] in their own place. There they taught them how they should honor their gods and how they should \n\n\n[^113]: That is, the organs in the churches built by the Spaniards.","html":"also the trades of bricklaying, masonry, and carpentry; also the trades of tailors, shoemakers, silk makers, printers, scribes, readers, accountants; plainsong singers and singers accompanying an organ;1 of playing flutes, shawms, sackbuts, trumpets, and organs; and the knowledge of grammar, logic, rhetoric, astrology, and theology. We know from experience that they have the ability [to practice] all those things; that they learn, know, and teach them; and that there is no art that they do not have the capacity to learn and practice. With regard to what they were most capable of in the past—both in the governance of the republic and in service of their gods—the cause lies in that they conducted the business of governing in accordance with the need of the people. And this is why they raised boys and girls with the utmost strictness until they were adults; and this was not done in their parents’ home, because they did not have enough power to raise them as was appropriate, with each one in his or her own home. And this is why they raised them communally under very attentive and rigorous teachers, with the males and females [separated] in their own place. There they taught them how they should honor their gods and how they should
\nThat is, the organs in the churches built by the Spaniards.↩
also the skill of masonry, and of stone working, and of carpentry; also the skills of the tailors, the shoemakers, the silk workers, the printers, the scribes, the readers, the bookkeepers, the singers of plain song, of descant; the playing of flutes, flageolets, sackbuts, trumpets, organs; the knowledge of [Latin] grammar, of logic, of rhetoric, of astrology, of theology. All this we know from experience: that they have a capacity for it, they learn it, understand it, and teach it. There is no art they do not have the capacity to learn and practice.
\nWith regard to what they were most capable of in times past in the administration of the state as well as in the service of the gods, it is the reason why they held the affairs of their administration in accordance with the need of the people. And, therefore, they reared the boys and girls with great sternness until they were adults. And this was not in the home of their parents, because, each one in his home, they were not effective at rearing them as was fitting. Therefore, they reared them conjointly under very careful and stern teachers, the men by themselves and the women by themselves. There they taught them how they were to honor their gods and how they were
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"29005903-6303-4acb-b67b-7af0e57cac0f","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"tambien el officio de albañeria, y canteria, y carpinteria tambien los officios de sastres y çapateros, sederos, impresores escriuanos, letores, contadores musicos de canto llano, de canto de organo: tañer flautas, cheremjas, xacabuches, trumpetas, organos: saber gramatica logica, y rethorica, astrologia theologia: todo esto tenemos por experiencia, que tienen abilidad para ello, lo deprenden, y lo saben, y lo enseñan: y no ay arte ninguna que no tengan abilidad, para deprẽderla, y vsarla. \n\nEn lo que toca a que eran para mas en los tiempos pasados, ansi para el regimjento de la republica, como para serujcio de los dioses: es la causa porque tenjan el negocio de su regimjento, conforme a la necesidad de la gente: y por esto los muchachos, y muchachas criauanlos con gran rigor hasta que erã adultos: y esto no en casa de sus padres, porque no eran poderosos para criarlos, como convenja, cada vno en su casa: y por esto criauanlos de comunjdad debaxo de maestros muy solicitos, y rigorosos: los hombres a su parte, y las mugeres de las suya. Alli los enseñauan como aujan de honrrar a sus dioses, y como aujan","html":"tambien el officio de albañeria, y canteria, y carpinteria tambien los officios de sastres y çapateros, sederos, impresores escriuanos, letores, contadores musicos de canto llano, de canto de organo: tañer flautas, cheremjas, xacabuches, trumpetas, organos: saber gramatica logica, y rethorica, astrologia theologia: todo esto tenemos por experiencia, que tienen abilidad para ello, lo deprenden, y lo saben, y lo enseñan: y no ay arte ninguna que no tengan abilidad, para deprẽderla, y vsarla.
\nEn lo que toca a que eran para mas en los tiempos pasados, ansi para el regimjento de la republica, como para serujcio de los dioses: es la causa porque tenjan el negocio de su regimjento, conforme a la necesidad de la gente: y por esto los muchachos, y muchachas criauanlos con gran rigor hasta que erã adultos: y esto no en casa de sus padres, porque no eran poderosos para criarlos, como convenja, cada vno en su casa: y por esto criauanlos de comunjdad debaxo de maestros muy solicitos, y rigorosos: los hombres a su parte, y las mugeres de las suya. Alli los enseñauan como aujan de honrrar a sus dioses, y como aujan
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"0dab4170-c064-44af-8588-613467313442","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[tetzca]liui, \ntlatztia, \nnanatziui, \nmotiticana, \nchapani, \nmopiloa, \ntlatlauia, \nchichiliui, \niztaia, \nxoxouia, \niztaleoa, \nqualtia, \nchipaoa, \ncelia.\n\n##### Quaeoatl, \nixeoatl, \ntocuitlapaneoaia, \nitieoatl, \nquezeoatl, \nmetzeoatl, \ntlanquaeoatl, \ncotzeoatl, \nxocpaleoatl, \ntotzintamaleoaio, \ntoquecheoaio, \nmaieoatl, \nxipineoatl, \ntilaoac \npeiotic, \ntlalichtic, \natic, \noltic, \npipinqui, \ntilinqui, \ntitilinqui, \ncanaoac, \ntlalichaui, \nteçonaui, \ntîtilini, \ntileoa, \ncanaliui, \ntecuitlaiui, \ncuitlacochiui. \n\n##### Nacatl, \nnacaiutl, \nçoquiotl, \ntlallotl, \ntoçoquio, \npepechillotl, \ntopepechillo, \ntopepechiuhca, \nquanacatl, \nixnacatl, \ntennacatl, \nquechnacatl, \nelnacatl, \ntoqueznacaio, \nmetznacatl, \ntlanquanacatl, \ntotlanquanacaio, \ncotznacatl, \nquequeiolnacatl, \nxocpalnacatl, \nxicnacatl, \ntexicnacaio, \nmacpalnacatl, \nxopilnacatl, \nmapilnacatl, \nchichiltic,","html":"[tetzca]liui,\ntlatztia,\nnanatziui,\nmotiticana,\nchapani,\nmopiloa,\ntlatlauia,\nchichiliui,\niztaia,\nxoxouia,\niztaleoa,\nqualtia,\nchipaoa,\ncelia.
\nixeoatl,\ntocuitlapaneoaia,\nitieoatl,\nquezeoatl,\nmetzeoatl,\ntlanquaeoatl,\ncotzeoatl,\nxocpaleoatl,\ntotzintamaleoaio,\ntoquecheoaio,\nmaieoatl,\nxipineoatl,\ntilaoac\npeiotic,\ntlalichtic,\natic,\noltic,\npipinqui,\ntilinqui,\ntitilinqui,\ncanaoac,\ntlalichaui,\nteçonaui,\ntîtilini,\ntileoa,\ncanaliui,\ntecuitlaiui,\ncuitlacochiui.
\nnacaiutl,\nçoquiotl,\ntlallotl,\ntoçoquio,\npepechillotl,\ntopepechillo,\ntopepechiuhca,\nquanacatl,\nixnacatl,\ntennacatl,\nquechnacatl,\nelnacatl,\ntoqueznacaio,\nmetznacatl,\ntlanquanacatl,\ntotlanquanacaio,\ncotznacatl,\nquequeiolnacatl,\nxocpalnacatl,\nxicnacatl,\ntexicnacaio,\nmacpalnacatl,\nxopilnacatl,\nmapilnacatl,\nchichiltic,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"b25dc123-db0c-4aec-9980-c79a96a09df5","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"it becomes smooth\nit becomes thick\nit becomes fat\nit becomes stretched[^7] \nit droops\nit hangs \nit becomes ruddy \nit becomes chili-red \nit whitens\nit becomes green \nit becomes pale \nit improves \nit becomes clean \nit becomes tender\n\n##### Skin of the head \nskin of the face \nskin of our back \nskin of the abdomen \nskin of the hip\nskin of the thigh\nskin of the knee\nskin of the calf of the leg \nskin of the sole of the foot \nskin of our buttocks\nskin of our neck \nskin of our hand\nforeskin \nthick\nenveloping \ntough \nloose \nrubbery \nlean \nextended \nmuch extended \nthin[^8] \nit becomes tough\nit becomes rough\nit extends\nit becomes black[^9] \nit becomes [brown][^10] \nit becomes filthy\nit becomes blotched\n\n##### Flesh\nfleshiness\nclay\nearth[^11] \nour clay \nfoundation\nour foundation \nthat which is our foundation\nflesh of the head\nflesh of the face\nflesh of the lips\nflesh of the neck\nflesh of the chest \nflesh of our hip\nflesh of the thigh\nflesh of the knee\nflesh of our knee\nflesh of the calf of the leg \nflesh of the ankle\nflesh of the sole of the foot \nflesh of the navel\nflesh of one’s navel[^12] \nflesh of the palm of the hand\nflesh of the toe \nflesh of the finger \nchili-red \n\n\n\n\n[^7]: *Ibid.: motîtivana. motitivana*.\n\n\n[^8]: *Ibid.: tilavac* follows *cabavac*.\n\n\n[^9]: *Ibid.: tlileva*.\n\n\n[^10]: Read *camilivi*, as in *ibid*.\n\n\n[^11]: *Ibid.: totlallo* follows *tlallotl*.\n\n\n[^12]: The *Acad. Hist. MS* does not include *xicnacatl* nor *texicnacaio*, but has, in place, *tocxinacayo* (flesh of our foot).","html":"it becomes smooth\nit becomes thick\nit becomes fat\nit becomes stretched1\nit droops\nit hangs\nit becomes ruddy\nit becomes chili-red\nit whitens\nit becomes green\nit becomes pale\nit improves\nit becomes clean\nit becomes tender
\nskin of the face\nskin of our back\nskin of the abdomen\nskin of the hip\nskin of the thigh\nskin of the knee\nskin of the calf of the leg\nskin of the sole of the foot\nskin of our buttocks\nskin of our neck\nskin of our hand\nforeskin\nthick\nenveloping\ntough\nloose\nrubbery\nlean\nextended\nmuch extended\nthin2\nit becomes tough\nit becomes rough\nit extends\nit becomes black3\nit becomes [brown]4\nit becomes filthy\nit becomes blotched
\nfleshiness\nclay\nearth5\nour clay\nfoundation\nour foundation\nthat which is our foundation\nflesh of the head\nflesh of the face\nflesh of the lips\nflesh of the neck\nflesh of the chest\nflesh of our hip\nflesh of the thigh\nflesh of the knee\nflesh of our knee\nflesh of the calf of the leg\nflesh of the ankle\nflesh of the sole of the foot\nflesh of the navel\nflesh of one’s navel6\nflesh of the palm of the hand\nflesh of the toe\nflesh of the finger\nchili-red
\n