en todas las costumbres que tenía la república, con que se re
\ngía, y por esta causa fue necesario desbaratarlo todo y ponerlos en otra manera de policía que no tuviese ningún resabio de cosas de idolatría. Pero viendo agora que esta manera de policía cría gente muy viciosa, de muy malas inclinaciones y muy malas obras, las cuales los hace a ellos odiosos a Dios y a los hombres, y aun los causan grandes enfermedades y breve vida, será menester poner remidio, y parécenos a todos que la principal causa desto es la borrachera que1 aquel rigor antiguo de castigar con pena de muerte las borracheras, aunque agora se castiga con azotarlos, trasquilarlos y venderlos por esclavos por año o por meses, no es suficiente castigo éste para cesar de emborracharse:
\nAquí hay dos palabras que no se entienden en el texto original.↩
all the customs that the republic had, by which it was go- . . .
\n. . . -verned. And for this reason, it was necessary to destroy everything and to place [these natives] under another type of political order that would not retain any trace of idolatrous things. But now seeing that this type of public policy produces very immoral people, inclined to great evil and to very evil actions that make them hateful to both God and people, and even cause them serious illnesses and a short life, it will be necessary to provide a remedy for it. And it seemed to all of us that the main cause of this is drunkenness, for their ancient restriction of making drunkenness punishable by death [is no longer observed].1 And even though it is now punished by flogging them, shearing their hair off, and selling them as slaves for months or for a year,2 this punishment is not enough to stop them from becoming drunk;
\nThere are two illegible words in the original text, but the context is clear. See the note at LAGQ 2:923.↩
“Selling them . . . year”: venderlos por esclavos por año o por meses. This means that, in the sixteenth century, some drunken Indigenous people were punished by enslaving them for a period of months or years. For a comprehensive study of Indigenous slavery in early New Spain, see Zavala, Servicio personal.↩
all the customs of the state, by which it was governed. And for this reason it was necessary to destroy all of it and place [the Indians] in another kind of established order which in no way smacked of idolatry.
\nBut now, seeing that this kind of established order produces very licentious people of very evil tendencies and very evil works, which make them odious to God and to men, and even cause them great sicknesses and a short life, it will be necessary to remedy it. And it seems to all of us that the principal cause of this is drunkenness, for that olden rigor of punishing drunken feasts with the death sentence has ceased. Although now there is punishment by whipping them, cutting off their hair, selling them as slaves by the year or by the month, this is not an adequate punishment to stop their becoming drunk.
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"aa2ce7c7-3691-40d2-9734-230ec987ffe5","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"en todas las costumbres que tenja la republica con que se regia, y por esta causa fue necesario desbaratarlo todo, y ponerlos en otra manera de policia, que no tuujesse njngun resabio de cosas de idolatria: \n\npero viendo agora que esta manera de policia cria gente muy viciosa de muy malas inclinaciones, y muy malas obras: las quales los haze a ellos odiosos a dios, y a los hõbres: y aun los causan grãdes enfermedades, y breue ujda sera menester, poner remjdio y parecenos a todos que la principal causa desto; es la borrachera, que como ceso aquel rigor antiguo de castigar cõ pena de muerte las borracheras; aunque agora se castiga, con açotarlos, trasqujlarlos, y venderlos por esclauos, por año, o por meses, no es suficiente castigo este para cesar de emborracharse,","html":"en todas las costumbres que tenja la republica con que se regia, y por esta causa fue necesario desbaratarlo todo, y ponerlos en otra manera de policia, que no tuujesse njngun resabio de cosas de idolatria:
\npero viendo agora que esta manera de policia cria gente muy viciosa de muy malas inclinaciones, y muy malas obras: las quales los haze a ellos odiosos a dios, y a los hõbres: y aun los causan grãdes enfermedades, y breue ujda sera menester, poner remjdio y parecenos a todos que la principal causa desto; es la borrachera, que como ceso aquel rigor antiguo de castigar cõ pena de muerte las borracheras; aunque agora se castiga, con açotarlos, trasqujlarlos, y venderlos por esclauos, por año, o por meses, no es suficiente castigo este para cesar de emborracharse,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"438e9645-4ede-45c5-8870-bc953825e690","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"iztac, \niztacpâtic, \namatic, \npeiotic, \natic, \natia, \niztaia, \npati.\n\n##### Inic ome parrapho: itechpa tlatoa in tzontecomatl, ioan in ixquich itech ca.\n\n##### Tzontecomatl, \ntotzontecõ; (quitoznequi, ilhuicatl) \ntoqua, \ntocpac \ntepito, \npiciltic, \npiciltontli, \nuei, \ntecontic, \nololtic, \npatlachtic, \nxopiltic, \noacaltic, \nmetlapiltic \nmimiltic, \npatztic, \ncomotztic, \nxixipuchtic, \ncaxtic, \ncaxiuhqui, \ntzonio, \nxipetztic, \ntzonixoa, \nueia, \nmozcaltia, \nololiui, \npatlachiui, \ncomotzaui, \nxixipuchaui, \npatziui, \nxopiliui, \nmetlapiliui, \nchicopatziui, \noacaliui, \ntzoniooa, \ntzonquiça, \nTitotzonteconuiuixoa, \ntitoquatlaça, \ntitoxima, \ntitoquateçonoa, \ntitoquacuecuechoa, \ntitoquâquacuecuechoa, \ntitocpaltia, \ntitoquailpia: \nnicquitequi, \nnicquatlapana, \nnicquatzaiana, \nnicquatelicça \nnicquatlatzinia, \nnicquatetexoa, \nnicquatepinia, \nnicquatepitzinia, \nnicquapitzinia, \nnicquacoionia, \nxipetziui.","html":"iztac,\niztacpâtic,\namatic,\npeiotic,\natic,\natia,\niztaia,\npati.
\ntotzontecõ; (quitoznequi, ilhuicatl)\ntoqua,\ntocpac\ntepito,\npiciltic,\npiciltontli,\nuei,\ntecontic,\nololtic,\npatlachtic,\nxopiltic,\noacaltic,\nmetlapiltic\nmimiltic,\npatztic,\ncomotztic,\nxixipuchtic,\ncaxtic,\ncaxiuhqui,\ntzonio,\nxipetztic,\ntzonixoa,\nueia,\nmozcaltia,\nololiui,\npatlachiui,\ncomotzaui,\nxixipuchaui,\npatziui,\nxopiliui,\nmetlapiliui,\nchicopatziui,\noacaliui,\ntzoniooa,\ntzonquiça,\nTitotzonteconuiuixoa,\ntitoquatlaça,\ntitoxima,\ntitoquateçonoa,\ntitoquacuecuechoa,\ntitoquâquacuecuechoa,\ntitocpaltia,\ntitoquailpia:\nnicquitequi,\nnicquatlapana,\nnicquatzaiana,\nnicquatelicça\nnicquatlatzinia,\nnicquatetexoa,\nnicquatepinia,\nnicquatepitzinia,\nnicquapitzinia,\nnicquacoionia,\nxipetziui.
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"fe1df16c-a5d0-46a6-b19f-04a3789e38a5","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"white \nvery white \npapery \nenveloping \nfluid \nit becomes fluid \nit becomes white \nit dissolves \n\n\n##### Second paragraph, which telleth of the head and all which pertaineth to it.\n\n##### Head \nour head (that is to say, the celestial part) \nour head \nour upper extremity \nlittle \nminute \ntiny \nbig\nlike a jar[^1] \nround \nbroad \ntoe-like \nconcave \nmano-shaped \ncylindrical \nsoft \nmovable \nbumpy \nbowl-like \nbowl-like \nhairy \nsmooth \nit grows hair \nit grows big \nit grows \nit becomes round \nit broadens \nit becomes movable \nit becomes bumpy \nit softens \nit is toe-like \nit becomes mano-like \nit becomes partly soft \nit becomes concave[^2] \nit becomes covered with hair\nhair forms \nWe shake our heads\nwe lift our heads [in pride] \nwe shave ourselves\nwe cut our hair \nwe shake our heads [in disapproval]\nwe repeatedly shake our heads [in disapproval] \nwe rest [our heads] \nwe bind our heads \nI hit him on the head[^3] \nI break his head \nI split his head \nI kick his head \nI make his head ring \nI brain him \nI hit his head with my fist \nI bash his head\nI smash his head\nI pierce his head\nit becomes smooth \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: *Acad. Hist. MS: tencontic*.\n\n\n[^2]: Alternatively, “paralyzed” (Molina, *op. cit*.); or “impotent” (Rémi Siméon, *op. cit*.).\n\n\n[^3]: Read *nicquavitequi,* as in the *Acad. Hist. MS*.","html":"white\nvery white\npapery\nenveloping\nfluid\nit becomes fluid\nit becomes white\nit dissolves
\nour head (that is to say, the celestial part)\nour head\nour upper extremity\nlittle\nminute\ntiny\nbig\nlike a jar1\nround\nbroad\ntoe-like\nconcave\nmano-shaped\ncylindrical\nsoft\nmovable\nbumpy\nbowl-like\nbowl-like\nhairy\nsmooth\nit grows hair\nit grows big\nit grows\nit becomes round\nit broadens\nit becomes movable\nit becomes bumpy\nit softens\nit is toe-like\nit becomes mano-like\nit becomes partly soft\nit becomes concave2\nit becomes covered with hair\nhair forms\nWe shake our heads\nwe lift our heads [in pride]\nwe shave ourselves\nwe cut our hair\nwe shake our heads [in disapproval]\nwe repeatedly shake our heads [in disapproval]\nwe rest [our heads]\nwe bind our heads\nI hit him on the head3\nI break his head\nI split his head\nI kick his head\nI make his head ring\nI brain him\nI hit his head with my fist\nI bash his head\nI smash his head\nI pierce his head\nit becomes smooth
\n