y aun tampoco las predicaciones de los predicadores, muy frecuentes contra este vicio, ni las amenazas del Infierno bastan para refrenarlos; y son estas borracheras tan destempladas y perjudiciales a la república y a la salud y salvación de los que las exercitan, que por ellas se causan muchas muertes, que se matan los unos a los otros estando borrachos, y se maltratan de obras y de palabras, y se causan grandes disensiones en la república, y los que la rigen se deshonran y se amenguan, y hacen grandes faltas en sus oficios, y los juzgan por indignos dellos; y aun por este vicio son tenidos por indignos y inhábiles para el sacerdocio, y también porque la continencia o castidad que es necesaria a los sacerdotes no son hábiles para guardarla, en especial los borrachos. A los principios se hizo experiencia de hacerlos religiosos, porque nos parecía entonce que serían hábiles para las cosas eclesiásticas y para la vida religiosa; y ansí se dio el hábito de Sanct Francisco a dos mancebos indios, los
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"57042dcc-3c3e-4838-ab30-e679df8c54a3","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and neither the preachers’ sermons, which very frequently [are directed] against this vice, nor threats of hell are enough to restrain them. And these drunken bouts are so unpleasant and detrimental to the republic and to the health and salvation of those who indulge in them that many deaths are caused by them, for they kill each other while drunk, they mistreat each other in words and deeds, and they cause great dissent in the republic. And those who rule [the republic] dishonor themselves, diminish themselves, and perpetrate great offenses in their official positions; and [the Spaniards] judge them as being unworthy of [their positions]. And because of this vice, they are even considered unworthy and unfit for the priesthood—also because they, especially the drunkards, are unable to sustain the continence or chastity that priests need. In the beginning, an experiment was attempted of making them religious [priests],[^116] because at that point it seemed to us that they would be capable in ecclesiastical matters and in religious life; and so the habit of Saint Francis was given to two young Indian men, the most \n\n\n[^116]: In this chapter, Sahagún employs the noun _religiosos_ to denote the representatives of the Catholic Church in Mexico. The task of the mass conversion of the Mexican Indigenous people was given to the members of the religious orders, who were granted special privileges to perform the sacraments, thus acting as secular priests. The word _religioso_ here thus denotes a priest of the Catholic Church, with the understanding that during this period these were mostly the friars of the regular orders.","html":"and neither the preachers’ sermons, which very frequently [are directed] against this vice, nor threats of hell are enough to restrain them. And these drunken bouts are so unpleasant and detrimental to the republic and to the health and salvation of those who indulge in them that many deaths are caused by them, for they kill each other while drunk, they mistreat each other in words and deeds, and they cause great dissent in the republic. And those who rule [the republic] dishonor themselves, diminish themselves, and perpetrate great offenses in their official positions; and [the Spaniards] judge them as being unworthy of [their positions]. And because of this vice, they are even considered unworthy and unfit for the priesthood—also because they, especially the drunkards, are unable to sustain the continence or chastity that priests need. In the beginning, an experiment was attempted of making them religious [priests],1 because at that point it seemed to us that they would be capable in ecclesiastical matters and in religious life; and so the habit of Saint Francis was given to two young Indian men, the most
\nIn this chapter, Sahagún employs the noun religiosos to denote the representatives of the Catholic Church in Mexico. The task of the mass conversion of the Mexican Indigenous people was given to the members of the religious orders, who were granted special privileges to perform the sacraments, thus acting as secular priests. The word religioso here thus denotes a priest of the Catholic Church, with the understanding that during this period these were mostly the friars of the regular orders.↩
Nor are even the very frequent sermons of the preachers against this vice nor the threats of hell enough to restrain them. And these drunken feasts are so immoderate and injurious to the state and to the health and salvation of those who indulge in them that many deaths are caused by them. Being drunk they kill each other and abuse each other by deeds and by words; and great dissensions in the state are caused. And those who govern it dishonor and defame themselves and commit great faults in their work, and [Spaniards] judge them to be unworthy of [their works]. And, further, because of this vice, they are considered unworthy and unfit for the priesthood, as well, also, because they, especially the drunkards, are incapable of maintaining the continence or chastity necessary to priests.
\nIn the beginning a trial was made of making religious of them, for it seemed to us then that they would be capable in ecclesiastical matters and for the religious life. And so the habit of Saint Francis was given two Indian youths, the
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"3607b508-88d6-43a8-ade9-751f6486aad5","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"y aun tampoco las predicaciones, de los predicadores, muy frequentes contra este vicio, nj las amenãças del infierno bastan para refrenarlos: y sõ estas borracheras, tan destempladas, y perjudiciales, a la republica, y a la salud, y saluacion, de los que las exercitã que por ellas se causan muchas muertes, que se matan los vnos a los otros, estando borrachos, y se maltratan de obras, y de palabras, y se causan grandes disensiones en la republica: y los que la rigẽ se deshonrran, y se amẽguã y hazen grandes faltas en sus officios, y los juzgan por indignos dellos; y aun por este vicio son tenjdos por indignos, y inabiles, para el sacerdocio, y tãbien porque la continencia, o castidad, que es necesaria a los sacerdotes, no son abiles para guardarla, en especial los borrachos. \n\nA los principios se hizo experiencia de hazerlos religiosos, porque nos parecia entonce, que serian abiles para las cosas eclesiasticas, y para la vida religiosa: y ansi se dio el abito de sanct francisco a dos mancebos indios los","html":"y aun tampoco las predicaciones, de los predicadores, muy frequentes contra este vicio, nj las amenãças del infierno bastan para refrenarlos: y sõ estas borracheras, tan destempladas, y perjudiciales, a la republica, y a la salud, y saluacion, de los que las exercitã que por ellas se causan muchas muertes, que se matan los vnos a los otros, estando borrachos, y se maltratan de obras, y de palabras, y se causan grandes disensiones en la republica: y los que la rigẽ se deshonrran, y se amẽguã y hazen grandes faltas en sus officios, y los juzgan por indignos dellos; y aun por este vicio son tenjdos por indignos, y inabiles, para el sacerdocio, y tãbien porque la continencia, o castidad, que es necesaria a los sacerdotes, no son abiles para guardarla, en especial los borrachos.
\nA los principios se hizo experiencia de hazerlos religiosos, porque nos parecia entonce, que serian abiles para las cosas eclesiasticas, y para la vida religiosa: y ansi se dio el abito de sanct francisco a dos mancebos indios los
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"fb2cee2e-40d7-4565-8df0-5bd066bd878a","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"##### Ilhuicatl\nquitoznequi, totzontecon, \ntlalnamiquini, \ntlamatini, \ntlancaiutl, \ntzonquizcaiutl, \nmauiziotl, \nmauiztioani, \nixe, \nnacaze, \niaque, \ncamae, \ntlamauiztiliani, \nmocnomatini, \ntlalnamiqui, \ntlamati \nmimati, \ntlamauiztilia, \nmocnomati, \nmopechteca, \nhitlacaui, \ntlaueliloti.\n\n##### Tzontli:\nca tliltic, \ntetecoltic, \nteconaltic, \nmouitic, \nxoxoctic, \ncamiltic, \ncoztic, \nchichiltic, \ntlatlactle, \niztac, \ncototztic, \ncolochtic, \ncocolochtic, \ncocoltic, \nchamaoac, \ntlateputztic, \ntomaoac, \npitzaoac, \nxilotzontic, \nueiac, \ntetepontic, \nteteztic, \nteçontic, \nteçonauhqui, \ncaciltic, \ncacaiactic, \ncaiaoac, \ntilaoac, \npepechtic, \natenio, \nacillo, \nacello, \nocuillo, \nixoa \niacaomiti, \nmana, \nmozcalia, \nueiaquia, \ntliliui, \ncoçauia, \nchichiliui, \ntlatlauia, \niztaia, \nateniooa, \nacelloa, \nocuilqualo, \ntetezaui, \ncolochaui, \ncocoltia, \npâçoliui, \npâçoltia, \nneliui, \npiaciui, \nmelaoa \nmotepeoa: \npalani, \nquaqualo, \npuztequi \nmatzoliui, \nnicxima, \nnictequi, \nnicpuztequi, \nnictzaiana, \nnictzi[quaoazuia,]","html":"quitoznequi, totzontecon,\ntlalnamiquini,\ntlamatini,\ntlancaiutl,\ntzonquizcaiutl,\nmauiziotl,\nmauiztioani,\nixe,\nnacaze,\niaque,\ncamae,\ntlamauiztiliani,\nmocnomatini,\ntlalnamiqui,\ntlamati\nmimati,\ntlamauiztilia,\nmocnomati,\nmopechteca,\nhitlacaui,\ntlaueliloti.
\nca tliltic,\ntetecoltic,\nteconaltic,\nmouitic,\nxoxoctic,\ncamiltic,\ncoztic,\nchichiltic,\ntlatlactle,\niztac,\ncototztic,\ncolochtic,\ncocolochtic,\ncocoltic,\nchamaoac,\ntlateputztic,\ntomaoac,\npitzaoac,\nxilotzontic,\nueiac,\ntetepontic,\nteteztic,\nteçontic,\nteçonauhqui,\ncaciltic,\ncacaiactic,\ncaiaoac,\ntilaoac,\npepechtic,\natenio,\nacillo,\nacello,\nocuillo,\nixoa\niacaomiti,\nmana,\nmozcalia,\nueiaquia,\ntliliui,\ncoçauia,\nchichiliui,\ntlatlauia,\niztaia,\nateniooa,\nacelloa,\nocuilqualo,\ntetezaui,\ncolochaui,\ncocoltia,\npâçoliui,\npâçoltia,\nneliui,\npiaciui,\nmelaoa\nmotepeoa:\npalani,\nquaqualo,\npuztequi\nmatzoliui,\nnicxima,\nnictequi,\nnicpuztequi,\nnictzaiana,\nnictzi[quaoazuia,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"061be31e-1727-4744-8163-af223e35b656","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"##### Celestial part \nthat is to say, our head \nthe rememberer \nthe knower \nachievement \nconclusion\nhonor\nvenerable\nwith eyes\nwith ears\nwith nose\nwith mouth \nthat which venerates \nhumble \nit remembers \nit knows \nit is prudent \nit venerates \nit is humble \nit humbles itself \nit corrupts itself \nit becomes bad \n\n##### Hair \nit is black \nlike charcoal \nlike charcoal \ndark blue[^4] \ngreen[^5] \nbrown \nyellow \nchili-red \nruddy[^6] \nwhite \ntwisted\ncurly \ncurly \nwavy\ncoarse\nbent\nthick\nfine\nlike corn silk \nlong\nstubby \nwhite \ncropped \ncropped \nsparse \nsparse[^7] \nsparse \nheavy \nmatted \nlousy\nfull of nits \nfull of nits \nwormy\nit forms\nit becomes pointed \nit lengthens\nit grows\nit grows long\nit becomes black\nit becomes yellow\nit becomes chili-red \nit becomes ruddy \nit whitens \nit becomes lousy \nit becomes full of nits \nit becomes wormeaten \nit whitens \nit becomes curly \nit becomes wavy \nit becomes tousled \nit is made tousled \nit becomes mussed \nit lies flat \nit is straight \nit falls out \nit rots \nit decays \nit breaks \nit shrivels\nI shave it \nI cut it \nI break it \nI tear it \n\n\n\n\n[^4]: Standley: *op. cit*., Pt. 5, pp. 1345–1346.\n\n\n[^5]: *Acad. Hist. MS: xoxoxoctic*.\n\n\n[^6]: *Ibid.: tlatlactic*.\n\n\n[^7]: *Ibid.: cayactic*.","html":"that is to say, our head\nthe rememberer\nthe knower\nachievement\nconclusion\nhonor\nvenerable\nwith eyes\nwith ears\nwith nose\nwith mouth\nthat which venerates\nhumble\nit remembers\nit knows\nit is prudent\nit venerates\nit is humble\nit humbles itself\nit corrupts itself\nit becomes bad
\nit is black\nlike charcoal\nlike charcoal\ndark blue1\ngreen2\nbrown\nyellow\nchili-red\nruddy3\nwhite\ntwisted\ncurly\ncurly\nwavy\ncoarse\nbent\nthick\nfine\nlike corn silk\nlong\nstubby\nwhite\ncropped\ncropped\nsparse\nsparse4\nsparse\nheavy\nmatted\nlousy\nfull of nits\nfull of nits\nwormy\nit forms\nit becomes pointed\nit lengthens\nit grows\nit grows long\nit becomes black\nit becomes yellow\nit becomes chili-red\nit becomes ruddy\nit whitens\nit becomes lousy\nit becomes full of nits\nit becomes wormeaten\nit whitens\nit becomes curly\nit becomes wavy\nit becomes tousled\nit is made tousled\nit becomes mussed\nit lies flat\nit is straight\nit falls out\nit rots\nit decays\nit breaks\nit shrivels\nI shave it\nI cut it\nI break it\nI tear it
\n