{"id":"b39f705b-ab5e-4697-9a3c-31f72d582a4c","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/120r/","folio":"120r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/119v/","folio":"119v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/120v/","folio":"120v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_272r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/a386f6bf-7a5c-4942-bdaf-035e0ff494d7/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/799d03c6-681c-4324-a6a3-02b1b25cc41e/","canvas_label":{"en":["120r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"edb998d4-6f36-41ca-abfc-bf09fcba462a","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"A los trozos de madero llaman _cuauhtzontli_. De éstos unos son cuadrados, otros redondos, otros cóncavos.\n\nAl madero sobre que está el quicio de la puerta de abaxo llaman _cuauhpechtli_.\n\nA las estillas llaman _tlaximalli_ o _cuauhtlaximalli_ o _tlaximállotl_. \n\nA las raxas llaman _tzicuehuállotl_ o _cuauhtzicuehuállotl_.\n\nA los maderos rollizos que echan debaxo de las vigas cuando las arrastran llaman _cuámmitl_. Éstos son hechos de madero recio.\n\nA los tarugos o estacas llaman _tlaxichtli_.\n\nA las serraduras de madero llaman _cuauhtextli_.\n\nA madero podrido llaman _cuappalan_.\n\n##### Párrafo sesto, de las cosas acidentales a los árboles, y de los árboles","html":"<p>A los trozos de madero llaman <em>cuauhtzontli</em>. De éstos unos son cuadrados, otros redondos, otros cóncavos.</p>\n<p>Al madero sobre que está el quicio de la puerta de abaxo llaman <em>cuauhpechtli</em>.</p>\n<p>A las estillas llaman <em>tlaximalli</em> o <em>cuauhtlaximalli</em> o <em>tlaximállotl</em>.</p>\n<p>A las raxas llaman <em>tzicuehuállotl</em> o <em>cuauhtzicuehuállotl</em>.</p>\n<p>A los maderos rollizos que echan debaxo de las vigas cuando las arrastran llaman <em>cuámmitl</em>. Éstos son hechos de madero recio.</p>\n<p>A los tarugos o estacas llaman <em>tlaxichtli</em>.</p>\n<p>A las serraduras de madero llaman <em>cuauhtextli</em>.</p>\n<p>A madero podrido llaman <em>cuappalan</em>.</p>\n<h5>Párrafo sesto, de las cosas acidentales a los árboles, y de los árboles</h5>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"c2273082-9d7c-4e75-9093-e1db329a62b1","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"They call cut pieces of wood _cuauhtzontli_. Some of these are square, others are round, and others are concave.\n\nThey call the piece of wood on which the lower door jamb [the door sill] rests _cuauhpechtli_.[^64]\n\nThey call the wood chips[^65] _tlaximalli_ or _cuauhtlaximalli_ or _tlaximallotl_.\n\nThey call splinters _tzicuehuallotl_ or _cuauhtzicuehuallotl_.\n\nThey call the round logs that they put under beams when they drag them _cuammitl_. These are made of hard wood.\n\nThey call pegs or stakes _tlaxichtli_.\n\nThey call wood sawdust _cuauhtextli_.\n\nThey call rotten wood _cuappalan_.\n\n##### Sixth paragraph: On the matters that are incidental to the trees and on the trees\n\n\n[^64]: _cuauhpechtli_: _cuauhpepechtli_ in the Nahuatl column.\n\n[^65]: “Wood chips”: _las estillas_. The Nahuatl terms are better described as “wood shavings.”","html":"<p>They call cut pieces of wood <em>cuauhtzontli</em>. Some of these are square, others are round, and others are concave.</p>\n<p>They call the piece of wood on which the lower door jamb [the door sill] rests <em>cuauhpechtli</em>.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></p>\n<p>They call the wood chips<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> <em>tlaximalli</em> or <em>cuauhtlaximalli</em> or <em>tlaximallotl</em>.</p>\n<p>They call splinters <em>tzicuehuallotl</em> or <em>cuauhtzicuehuallotl</em>.</p>\n<p>They call the round logs that they put under beams when they drag them <em>cuammitl</em>. These are made of hard wood.</p>\n<p>They call pegs or stakes <em>tlaxichtli</em>.</p>\n<p>They call wood sawdust <em>cuauhtextli</em>.</p>\n<p>They call rotten wood <em>cuappalan</em>.</p>\n<h5>Sixth paragraph: On the matters that are incidental to the trees and on the trees</h5>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>cuauhpechtli</em>: <em>cuauhpepechtli</em> in the Nahuatl column.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p>“Wood chips”: <em>las estillas</em>. The Nahuatl terms are better described as “wood shavings.”<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"28b6c205-466a-4f5a-989f-e397aa8890ff","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Quauhtzontli, quauhtzontetl: in tlein vepantli, anoço quauhtectli itech vetzi; iaoaltic, ololtic, tetepontic.\n\nQuauhpepechtli: in jpan tlacçaticac tlatzacujllotl. \nTlaximalli, tlaximalquavitl, quauhtlaximalli, tlaximalutl: textic, cuechtic, çeçepoctic, çeçepouhquj, vavapaltic: njtlaximalcujcuj, njtlaximalquaquavi.\n\nTzicuevallotl, quauhtzicueoalli: tlaque, tetepontic, njctzicueoa, njtlatzicueoa. \nQuammjtl; tomaoac, chicaoac, quauhtepitztli, quauhtetl, njtlaquammjvia. \nTlaxichtli: iacavitztic, iacavitzauhquj, njtlaquammjna njctlaxichtoca. \nQuauhtextli: cuechtic, pinoltic, njcpinoltilia, njccuechoa. \nQuappalan: nanaltic, çonectic, poxcauhquj, nanalivi, poxcavi. \n\n##### Injc chiquacen parrapho itechpa tlatoa in quenjn quavitl maquja.","html":"<p>Quauhtzontli, quauhtzontetl: in tlein vepantli, anoço quauhtectli itech vetzi; iaoaltic, ololtic, tetepontic.</p>\n<p>Quauhpepechtli: in jpan tlacçaticac tlatzacujllotl.\nTlaximalli, tlaximalquavitl, quauhtlaximalli, tlaximalutl: textic, cuechtic, çeçepoctic, çeçepouhquj, vavapaltic: njtlaximalcujcuj, njtlaximalquaquavi.</p>\n<p>Tzicuevallotl, quauhtzicueoalli: tlaque, tetepontic, njctzicueoa, njtlatzicueoa.\nQuammjtl; tomaoac, chicaoac, quauhtepitztli, quauhtetl, njtlaquammjvia.\nTlaxichtli: iacavitztic, iacavitzauhquj, njtlaquammjna njctlaxichtoca.\nQuauhtextli: cuechtic, pinoltic, njcpinoltilia, njccuechoa.\nQuappalan: nanaltic, çonectic, poxcauhquj, nanalivi, poxcavi.</p>\n<h5>Injc chiquacen parrapho itechpa tlatoa in quenjn quavitl maquja.</h5>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"05ea6764-ae8b-4fa2-8cfc-c36ab24ed85e","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"The tree trunk, the trunk of the tree, is that from which the beams or logs come. They are round; they are round, they are short.\n\nThe door sill: on it stands resting the door.\n\nThe shavings, the wood shavings, the shavings of wood, the planings are broken up, fine, twisted, contracted, crimped. I carve out the shavings; I carpenter shavings.\n\nFragments, wood fragments, are trunk-like, short pieces. I break them up; I break something up.\n\nThe wooden lever is thick, strong, hard wood.[^2] I pry something.\n\nThe stake is pointed at the end. The end is pointed. I drive it in something; I stake it.\n\nSawdust is fine, like *pinole*. I make it *pinole*-like; I make it fine.\n\nRotten wood is fluffy, spongy, moldy. It becomes fluffy, moldy.\n\n\n##### Sixth paragraph, which telleth how trees are planted.\n\n\n\n\n[^2]: *Ibid.: &#8220;A los maderos rollizos que echan debaxo de las vigas, quado las arrastran, llamã, quammjtl*.&#8221;","html":"<p>The tree trunk, the trunk of the tree, is that from which the beams or logs come. They are round; they are round, they are short.</p>\n<p>The door sill: on it stands resting the door.</p>\n<p>The shavings, the wood shavings, the shavings of wood, the planings are broken up, fine, twisted, contracted, crimped. I carve out the shavings; I carpenter shavings.</p>\n<p>Fragments, wood fragments, are trunk-like, short pieces. I break them up; I break something up.</p>\n<p>The wooden lever is thick, strong, hard wood.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> I pry something.</p>\n<p>The stake is pointed at the end. The end is pointed. I drive it in something; I stake it.</p>\n<p>Sawdust is fine, like <em>pinole</em>. I make it <em>pinole</em>-like; I make it fine.</p>\n<p>Rotten wood is fluffy, spongy, moldy. It becomes fluffy, moldy.</p>\n<h5>Sixth paragraph, which telleth how trees are planted.</h5>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Ibid.: “A los maderos rollizos que echan debaxo de las vigas, quado las arrastran, llamã, quammjtl</em>.”<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"120r"}