{"id":"fbebdaee-ccf4-4bae-9a0f-ba9437807390","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/137r/","folio":"137r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/136v/","folio":"136v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/137v/","folio":"137v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_289r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/337ae37a-ba19-48a8-85fe-51a05d84cec2/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/a834f441-a08d-46b9-bb4b-de51a2fbd7f7/","canvas_label":{"en":["137r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"c2c97822-eabf-400b-948b-a60c2d40bf24","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"Es buena para la digistión, y purifica los intestinos, especialmente cuando se come en ayunas.\n\nHay otra yerba que se llama _coyocuexi_. Es semejante al _huitzquílitl_ que arriba se dixo. No es espinosa. Tallece y florece. No la usan comer los muchachos ni muchachas. Es amarga y empece a la garganta, porque hace la voz ronca, especial a los muchachos y muchachas, y por eso no la usan comer.\n\nHay otra yerba que se llama _popóyauh_. Es como mata. Es pintada de negro y verde. Cómese cruda y cocida. Amásanle con maíz y hacen tortillas della.\n\nHay otra que se llama _mexixi_. Es quemosa. Tiene pequeñitas hojas. Cómese cruda y cocida y mezclado con maíz, y hecha tortillas o tamales. Y si se come mucha della, cría enpollas y hace demasiado calor. Los tamales con esta yerba hechos llámanlos _mexixquiltamalli_; y a las tortillas llaman _mexixquillaxcalli_. La semilla desta yerba es amarilla y de hechura de lentexas. Cómenla mucho las tortolillas. Hacen atul o mazamorra desta yerba a los que tienen cámaras de materia y sangre. Esta semilla tiene la propiedad de purificar los intestinos.","html":"<p>Es buena para la digistión, y purifica los intestinos, especialmente cuando se come en ayunas.</p>\n<p>Hay otra yerba que se llama <em>coyocuexi</em>. Es semejante al <em>huitzquílitl</em> que arriba se dixo. No es espinosa. Tallece y florece. No la usan comer los muchachos ni muchachas. Es amarga y empece a la garganta, porque hace la voz ronca, especial a los muchachos y muchachas, y por eso no la usan comer.</p>\n<p>Hay otra yerba que se llama <em>popóyauh</em>. Es como mata. Es pintada de negro y verde. Cómese cruda y cocida. Amásanle con maíz y hacen tortillas della.</p>\n<p>Hay otra que se llama <em>mexixi</em>. Es quemosa. Tiene pequeñitas hojas. Cómese cruda y cocida y mezclado con maíz, y hecha tortillas o tamales. Y si se come mucha della, cría enpollas y hace demasiado calor. Los tamales con esta yerba hechos llámanlos <em>mexixquiltamalli</em>; y a las tortillas llaman <em>mexixquillaxcalli</em>. La semilla desta yerba es amarilla y de hechura de lentexas. Cómenla mucho las tortolillas. Hacen atul o mazamorra desta yerba a los que tienen cámaras de materia y sangre. Esta semilla tiene la propiedad de purificar los intestinos.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"5b65a9b8-7754-452e-a3b4-2ec6b46d732d","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"It is good for digestion, and it purifies the intestines, especially when eaten on an empty stomach.\n\nThere is another herb that is called _coyocuexin_. It is similar to the _huitzquilitl_ mentioned above. It is not thorny. It grows stalks, and it blossoms. Young boys or girls do not usually eat it. It is bitter and irritates the throat, because it makes the voice hoarse, especially in young boys and girls; and this is why they do not eat it.\n\nThere is another herb that is called _popoyauh_. It is like a shrub. It is spotted black and green. It is eaten both raw and cooked. They knead it with maize and make tortillas out of it.\n\nThere is another [herb] that is called _mexixin_. It burns. It has tiny little leaves. It is eaten raw, cooked, mixed with maize, and made into tortillas or tamales. And if one eats too much of it, it produces blisters and burns too much. They call the tamales made with this herb _mexixquiltamalli_; and they call the tortillas _mexixquillaxcalli_. This herb’s seed is yellow and lentil shaped. The little doves eat a lot of it. They prepare _atolli_, or maize porridge, with this herb, for those whose diarrhea has both solid matter and blood. This seed has the property of purifying the intestines.","html":"<p>It is good for digestion, and it purifies the intestines, especially when eaten on an empty stomach.</p>\n<p>There is another herb that is called <em>coyocuexin</em>. It is similar to the <em>huitzquilitl</em> mentioned above. It is not thorny. It grows stalks, and it blossoms. Young boys or girls do not usually eat it. It is bitter and irritates the throat, because it makes the voice hoarse, especially in young boys and girls; and this is why they do not eat it.</p>\n<p>There is another herb that is called <em>popoyauh</em>. It is like a shrub. It is spotted black and green. It is eaten both raw and cooked. They knead it with maize and make tortillas out of it.</p>\n<p>There is another [herb] that is called <em>mexixin</em>. It burns. It has tiny little leaves. It is eaten raw, cooked, mixed with maize, and made into tortillas or tamales. And if one eats too much of it, it produces blisters and burns too much. They call the tamales made with this herb <em>mexixquiltamalli</em>; and they call the tortillas <em>mexixquillaxcalli</em>. This herb’s seed is yellow and lentil shaped. The little doves eat a lot of it. They prepare <em>atolli</em>, or maize porridge, with this herb, for those whose diarrhea has both solid matter and blood. This seed has the property of purifying the intestines.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"24cf06b1-765d-4a77-82f5-3c890db228d1","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"oc cenca inamjc in teiticnemj totonquj, tetlatemovili, tecujtlaxcoliecti: oc cenca iquac in aiatle moqua, tecujtlaxcolichic.\n\n##### Coiocuexi,\nqujnenevilia in vitzqujlitl: iamanquj, qujioio, xochio: in jxochio pochqujo. Amo pipilqualonj, tetozcananalo, tetelqujc.\n\n##### Popoiauh:\niuhqujn tlacotontli, iuhqujnma quauhtontli. Injc mjtoa popoiauh: vel poiactic in jqujllo: xoxouhcaqualonj, yvan paoaxonj, yoan texvilonj, comalco manalonj.\n\n##### Mexixin,\ncococ in jqujllo, tepiton: xoxouhcaqualonj. In mjec moqua, tetlati, teaquaqualatz, paoaxonj, texvilonj, tlaxcalolonj, tamalolonj: ic mjtoa. mexixqujltamalli, mexixqujllaxcalli. In jxinachio, coztic, patlachpipil, vellaquaoac: vel intlaqual in cocoti. Yoan tlaelpatli: in tlaelli qujtlaça, catolhuja in jxinachio, cochpana, cololoa in tlaelli, in cujtlaxcolli itech onoc, tecujtlaxcoliecti.","html":"<p>oc cenca inamjc in teiticnemj totonquj, tetlatemovili, tecujtlaxcoliecti: oc cenca iquac in aiatle moqua, tecujtlaxcolichic.</p>\n<h5>Coiocuexi,</h5>\n<p>qujnenevilia in vitzqujlitl: iamanquj, qujioio, xochio: in jxochio pochqujo. Amo pipilqualonj, tetozcananalo, tetelqujc.</p>\n<h5>Popoiauh:</h5>\n<p>iuhqujn tlacotontli, iuhqujnma quauhtontli. Injc mjtoa popoiauh: vel poiactic in jqujllo: xoxouhcaqualonj, yvan paoaxonj, yoan texvilonj, comalco manalonj.</p>\n<h5>Mexixin,</h5>\n<p>cococ in jqujllo, tepiton: xoxouhcaqualonj. In mjec moqua, tetlati, teaquaqualatz, paoaxonj, texvilonj, tlaxcalolonj, tamalolonj: ic mjtoa. mexixqujltamalli, mexixqujllaxcalli. In jxinachio, coztic, patlachpipil, vellaquaoac: vel intlaqual in cocoti. Yoan tlaelpatli: in tlaelli qujtlaça, catolhuja in jxinachio, cochpana, cololoa in tlaelli, in cujtlaxcolli itech onoc, tecujtlaxcoliecti.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"697d0246-4aa0-4688-8d3a-6f0b920a4642","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"It is especially the remedy of one who has an internal fever. It aids the digestion; it soothes the intestines, especially when one fasts, when the intestines are irritated.\n\n##### Coyocuexi[^12]\n\nIt resembles *uitzquilitl*. It is soft, stalky; it has blossoms. Its blossoms are fragrant. It is not to be eaten by children. One is made hoarse; it irritates the throat.\n\n##### Popoyauh[^13]\n\nIt is like a small stick, like a small tree. It is called *popoyauh* because its foliage is very black [and green]. It is edible raw, and it is cookable in an olla, and it can be ground—made into tortillas on the griddle.\n\n##### Mexixin[^14]\n\nIt burns. Its leaves are small. It is edible uncooked. When much is eaten, it burns one, blisters one. It is cookable in an olla; it can be ground. It can be made into tortillas [or] into tamales called *mexixquillaxcalli* [or] *mexixquiltamalli*. Its seeds are yellow, small but broad, very hard. It is really the food of the servants, and it is a medicine for the flux. It expels the flux. They make an *atole* from its seeds, which cleans out, moves out the flux which is in the intestines. It soothes one&#8217;s intestines.\n\n\n\n\n[^12]: *Coyocuexi:* Possibly *coyocuechtli* (unident.); Hernández, *op. cit.,* Vol. III, p. 794.\n\n\n[^13]: *Popoyauh: Ustilago maidis* DC. (Sahagún, *op. cit.,* p. 349); *Raphanus rhaphanistrum* in Bernardino de Sahagún, *Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España* (Mexico: Pedro Robredo, 1938), Vol. III, p. 339.\n\n\n[^14]: *Mexixin:* watercress (Dibble and Anderson, *op. cit.,* p. 92, n. 21).","html":"<p>It is especially the remedy of one who has an internal fever. It aids the digestion; it soothes the intestines, especially when one fasts, when the intestines are irritated.</p>\n<h5>Coyocuexi<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It resembles <em>uitzquilitl</em>. It is soft, stalky; it has blossoms. Its blossoms are fragrant. It is not to be eaten by children. One is made hoarse; it irritates the throat.</p>\n<h5>Popoyauh<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It is like a small stick, like a small tree. It is called <em>popoyauh</em> because its foliage is very black [and green]. It is edible raw, and it is cookable in an olla, and it can be ground—made into tortillas on the griddle.</p>\n<h5>Mexixin<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It burns. Its leaves are small. It is edible uncooked. When much is eaten, it burns one, blisters one. It is cookable in an olla; it can be ground. It can be made into tortillas [or] into tamales called <em>mexixquillaxcalli</em> [or] <em>mexixquiltamalli</em>. Its seeds are yellow, small but broad, very hard. It is really the food of the servants, and it is a medicine for the flux. It expels the flux. They make an <em>atole</em> from its seeds, which cleans out, moves out the flux which is in the intestines. It soothes one’s intestines.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Coyocuexi:</em> Possibly <em>coyocuechtli</em> (unident.); Hernández, <em>op. cit.,</em> Vol. III, p. 794.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Popoyauh: Ustilago maidis</em> DC. (Sahagún, <em>op. cit.,</em> p. 349); <em>Raphanus rhaphanistrum</em> in Bernardino de Sahagún, <em>Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España</em> (Mexico: Pedro Robredo, 1938), Vol. III, p. 339.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>Mexixin:</em> watercress (Dibble and Anderson, <em>op. cit.,</em> p. 92, n. 21).<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"137r"}