{"id":"1b9f433f-4189-4d07-a5f3-850f31794377","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/14r/","folio":"14r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/13v/","folio":"13v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/14v/","folio":"14v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_168r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/94840c88-e884-4427-8e15-59adda8c25b1/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/8717c36e-8a9e-4c04-8d83-fae68b595851/","canvas_label":{"en":["14r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"c236f07c-365e-439d-80e9-7c19f9293ba5","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"cría sus hijos, y hace nido para ponerlas. Escóndelos en partes secretas. Es comestible. Tiene la carne sabrosa.\n\nLa comadreja es delgadilla. Tiene la colilla larguilla. Tiene la cara manchada. Es bermejuela. Tiene el pecho blanco. Come ratones y gusanos, especialmente los que llaman _nextecuilin_ y _tlalómitl_. También come gallinas, chupándolas por el sienso. Tiene el estiércol muy hediondo. Es muy amiga de los pollos y de los huevos. Cómelos mucho. Desea mucho topar con las gallinas que están echadas sobre huevos para comérselos. No es de comer.\n\nHay una animal en esta tierra que echa gran hedor, y por gran espacio hiede. Es del tamano de un gato. Tiene los pelos largos; es de color negro; tiene la cola espaganada. [El _épatl_] es bajuelo; tiene las orejas agudas y pequeñas; tiene el hucico delgado. Habita entre las piedras y en las cuevas, y allí cría sus hijos. Su comer es escoroba[xos]","html":"<p>cría sus hijos, y hace nido para ponerlas. Escóndelos en partes secretas. Es comestible. Tiene la carne sabrosa.</p>\n<p>La comadreja es delgadilla. Tiene la colilla larguilla. Tiene la cara manchada. Es bermejuela. Tiene el pecho blanco. Come ratones y gusanos, especialmente los que llaman <em>nextecuilin</em> y <em>tlalómitl</em>. También come gallinas, chupándolas por el sienso. Tiene el estiércol muy hediondo. Es muy amiga de los pollos y de los huevos. Cómelos mucho. Desea mucho topar con las gallinas que están echadas sobre huevos para comérselos. No es de comer.</p>\n<p>Hay una animal en esta tierra que echa gran hedor, y por gran espacio hiede. Es del tamano de un gato. Tiene los pelos largos; es de color negro; tiene la cola espaganada. [El <em>épatl</em>] es bajuelo; tiene las orejas agudas y pequeñas; tiene el hucico delgado. Habita entre las piedras y en las cuevas, y allí cría sus hijos. Su comer es escoroba[xos]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"63707ae3-2487-4070-afb3-ec482ad53a1e","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"it breeds its offspring, and it makes a nest to put them in. It hides them in secret places. It is edible. Its meat is tasty.\n\nThe weasel is rather thin. Its tail is rather long. It has a spotted face. It is reddish. Its breast is white. It eats mice and worms, especially those that they call _nextecuilin_ and _tlalomitl_. It also eats chickens, by sucking them through the anus. Its dung is very stinky. It is very partial to poultry and to eggs. It eats a lot of them. It very much wants to happen upon chickens that are sitting on their eggs, in order to eat them up. It is not edible.\n\nThere is an animal in this land that gives off a terrible stench and stinks far and wide. It is the size of a cat. It has long fur; its color is black. It has a thick tail. The _epatl_ is rather squat; it has small pointy ears; it has a thin muzzle. It dwells among the rocks and in burrows, and it breeds its offspring there. Its food consists of beetles","html":"<p>it breeds its offspring, and it makes a nest to put them in. It hides them in secret places. It is edible. Its meat is tasty.</p>\n<p>The weasel is rather thin. Its tail is rather long. It has a spotted face. It is reddish. Its breast is white. It eats mice and worms, especially those that they call <em>nextecuilin</em> and <em>tlalomitl</em>. It also eats chickens, by sucking them through the anus. Its dung is very stinky. It is very partial to poultry and to eggs. It eats a lot of them. It very much wants to happen upon chickens that are sitting on their eggs, in order to eat them up. It is not edible.</p>\n<p>There is an animal in this land that gives off a terrible stench and stinks far and wide. It is the size of a cat. It has long fur; its color is black. It has a thick tail. The <em>epatl</em> is rather squat; it has small pointy ears; it has a thin muzzle. It dwells among the rocks and in burrows, and it breeds its offspring there. Its food consists of beetles</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"a50f549d-341e-47e9-acff-e84250b3f0a6","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"tepiton tlallan in tlacachioa, in tlatema, motlatataquja, motapaçoltia: anoço cana metitlã, in tlatlaiooaian, in ovicatonco: velic, aviac vel patic, vel tzõpatic.\n\n##### Coçama: anoço coçatli,\npitzatõ pachtontli, cujtlapilhujacapil tēpitzaton mjhichiuh in jxtecujcujlo, tlatlactic, tlatlactontli, eliztac. In jtlaqual: qujmjchin, nextecujlin, tlalomitl: no qujqua in totolin, çan qujntzinpachichina: temamauhti in jiel, cenca poiec, cenca cocoiac: vel qujnmoiautia, in totolcocone, yoan in totoltetl: vel qujnmonevilavitinemj, vel qujnmopipiznauja, in tlapacho.\n\n##### Epatl:\npaçoltic, paçoltontli, papaçoltic, tliltic, catzaoac, cujtlapilxexeltic: pachtontli, nacazvivitztic, tempitzaton: tlallan tlacoiocco, tepancamac, tecamac in mopilhoatia, in mochantia.\n\nIn jtlaqual: pinacatl, metzonocujlin, nextecujlin, caltatapach.","html":"<p>tepiton tlallan in tlacachioa, in tlatema, motlatataquja, motapaçoltia: anoço cana metitlã, in tlatlaiooaian, in ovicatonco: velic, aviac vel patic, vel tzõpatic.</p>\n<h5>Coçama: anoço coçatli,</h5>\n<p>pitzatõ pachtontli, cujtlapilhujacapil tēpitzaton mjhichiuh in jxtecujcujlo, tlatlactic, tlatlactontli, eliztac. In jtlaqual: qujmjchin, nextecujlin, tlalomitl: no qujqua in totolin, çan qujntzinpachichina: temamauhti in jiel, cenca poiec, cenca cocoiac: vel qujnmoiautia, in totolcocone, yoan in totoltetl: vel qujnmonevilavitinemj, vel qujnmopipiznauja, in tlapacho.</p>\n<h5>Epatl:</h5>\n<p>paçoltic, paçoltontli, papaçoltic, tliltic, catzaoac, cujtlapilxexeltic: pachtontli, nacazvivitztic, tempitzaton: tlallan tlacoiocco, tepancamac, tecamac in mopilhoatia, in mochantia.</p>\n<p>In jtlaqual: pinacatl, metzonocujlin, nextecujlin, caltatapach.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"d2a55620-9bf8-4672-8812-37037b55fa54","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"small. It bears its young underground; it goes down, burrows, makes a nest; or else somewhere among maguey plants [it lives] in dark, inaccessible places. It is good-tasting, savory, healthful, the best.\n\n##### Weasel[^3]\n\nIt is slender, rather squat, rather long-tailed, rather thin and long of snout. Its face is painted, blotched. It is rather ruddy; it is white-breasted. Its food is mice, *nextecuillin* worms, *tlalomitl* worms. It also eats turkeys; it sucks them from below. Its offal is unpleasant—very salty, very sickening. It preys especially on newly-hatched turkeys and bird eggs. It comes creeping up to spy on, indeed forces itself among, the sitting hens.\n\n##### Skunk[^4]\n\nIt has fleecy, straggly, woolly [fur]: black, dark; arched tail; a rather squat build; pointed ears; slender muzzle. It bears its young, it dwells underground, in burrows, in openings in the wall, in openings in the rocks.\n\nIts food is black beetles, maguey worms, *nextecuillin* worms, small cockroaches. \n\n\n\n\n[^3]: *Coçama* (*coçatli* is an alternative form): *Mustela frenata frenata (Lichtenstein)* or long-tailed weasel, in Villa R., *op. cit*., p. 457.\n\n\n[^4]: *Epatl:* Martín del Campo, *op. cit*., p. 499, states that, on the basis of Sahagún&#8217;s description, the term refers to nearly all species of the subfamily *Mephitinae*, genera *Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale*. These are striped skunk, hognosed skunk, and spotted skunk, respectively, according to Durrant.","html":"<p>small. It bears its young underground; it goes down, burrows, makes a nest; or else somewhere among maguey plants [it lives] in dark, inaccessible places. It is good-tasting, savory, healthful, the best.</p>\n<h5>Weasel<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It is slender, rather squat, rather long-tailed, rather thin and long of snout. Its face is painted, blotched. It is rather ruddy; it is white-breasted. Its food is mice, <em>nextecuillin</em> worms, <em>tlalomitl</em> worms. It also eats turkeys; it sucks them from below. Its offal is unpleasant—very salty, very sickening. It preys especially on newly-hatched turkeys and bird eggs. It comes creeping up to spy on, indeed forces itself among, the sitting hens.</p>\n<h5>Skunk<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It has fleecy, straggly, woolly [fur]: black, dark; arched tail; a rather squat build; pointed ears; slender muzzle. It bears its young, it dwells underground, in burrows, in openings in the wall, in openings in the rocks.</p>\n<p>Its food is black beetles, maguey worms, <em>nextecuillin</em> worms, small cockroaches.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Coçama</em> (<em>coçatli</em> is an alternative form): <em>Mustela frenata frenata (Lichtenstein)</em> or long-tailed weasel, in Villa R., <em>op. cit</em>., p. 457.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Epatl:</em> Martín del Campo, <em>op. cit</em>., p. 499, states that, on the basis of Sahagún’s description, the term refers to nearly all species of the subfamily <em>Mephitinae</em>, genera <em>Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale</em>. These are striped skunk, hognosed skunk, and spotted skunk, respectively, according to Durrant.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"14r"}