{"id":"ab9f9037-f111-4164-b504-4504e70608d9","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/204r/","folio":"204r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/203v/","folio":"203v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/204v/","folio":"204v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_356r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/c1973b5d-8737-4e00-aea1-8e53f3e6dfe1/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/ce8923e9-03d2-4c39-9c83-d780559699b7/","canvas_label":{"en":["204r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"a47dc486-4ee3-4e44-95f8-6a502f99bf11","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"preciosa de donde están, y luego la desbastan, y después la raspan, y después lapiden para resplandezcan, y después la esmeran sobre una caña maciza.\n\n##### Párrafo segundo, de la esmeralda y otras piedras preciosas de su especie\n\nLas esmeraldas se llaman _quetzalitztli_. Haylas en esta tierra muy buenas. Son preciosas, de mucho valor. Llámanse ansí porque _quetzalli_ quiere decir pluma muy verde, y _itztli_ quiere decir piedra de navaxa; la cual es muy polida y sin mancha ninguna. Y estas dos cosas tiene la buena esmeralda:","html":"<p>preciosa de donde están, y luego la desbastan, y después la raspan, y después lapiden para resplandezcan, y después la esmeran sobre una caña maciza.</p>\n<h5>Párrafo segundo, de la esmeralda y otras piedras preciosas de su especie</h5>\n<p>Las esmeraldas se llaman <em>quetzalitztli</em>. Haylas en esta tierra muy buenas. Son preciosas, de mucho valor. Llámanse ansí porque <em>quetzalli</em> quiere decir pluma muy verde, y <em>itztli</em> quiere decir piedra de navaxa; la cual es muy polida y sin mancha ninguna. Y estas dos cosas tiene la buena esmeralda:</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"a5a443ef-f350-4196-b00a-0d2abe2f68cf","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"from where it is. And then they smooth it down and scrape it, and then they rub it in order to make it shine; and then they polish it over a solid cane.\n\n##### Second paragraph: On emerald and other precious stones of its kind\n\nEmeralds are called _quetzalitztli_. Very good ones are found in this land. They are precious, of great value. They call them this because _quetzalli_ means “very green feather,” and _itztli_ means “stone knife,” one that is very polished and without any blemish. And a good emerald has these two characteristics,","html":"<p>from where it is. And then they smooth it down and scrape it, and then they rub it in order to make it shine; and then they polish it over a solid cane.</p>\n<h5>Second paragraph: On emerald and other precious stones of its kind</h5>\n<p>Emeralds are called <em>quetzalitztli</em>. Very good ones are found in this land. They are precious, of great value. They call them this because <em>quetzalli</em> means “very green feather,” and <em>itztli</em> means “stone knife,” one that is very polished and without any blemish. And a good emerald has these two characteristics,</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"dc4302b1-00b8-4d12-8e36-44e40ae8a081","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"ie iehoatl in tapachtli, in epiollotli, ca teuatenco vitz: ca ilhujcaatenco neci in vitzitziltetl, ca ilhujcaaxalli itlan vetztinemj, yoan totonacapan, atoiac in neci. \nAuh in tlaçotli tetl, in chalchivitl inan; in jquac qujtta, tlaiximatinj, injc qujpetlaoa: mjtoa, qujquaquavi, qujtlatlapatza in jnan: auh in oqujttac qujvellalia, qujxima: auh njmã qujteuxalhuja, qujchiquj, injc iequene qujpetlaoa, injc cuecueioca, qujquetzalotlavia, qujiottovia. \n\n##### Injc vme parrapho: itechpa tlatoa, in quetzalitztli, in quenjnamj ic tlachia in juhquj tetl.\n\n##### Quetzalitztli: \ninin itoca itech qujztica in quetzalli, yoan itztli: ipampa in jtlachializ iuhqujn quetzalli, xoxoctic: auh in jnacaio, injc atic, auh inj ticeoac iuhqujn itztli, tlaçotli, maviztic, patio,","html":"<p>ie iehoatl in tapachtli, in epiollotli, ca teuatenco vitz: ca ilhujcaatenco neci in vitzitziltetl, ca ilhujcaaxalli itlan vetztinemj, yoan totonacapan, atoiac in neci.\nAuh in tlaçotli tetl, in chalchivitl inan; in jquac qujtta, tlaiximatinj, injc qujpetlaoa: mjtoa, qujquaquavi, qujtlatlapatza in jnan: auh in oqujttac qujvellalia, qujxima: auh njmã qujteuxalhuja, qujchiquj, injc iequene qujpetlaoa, injc cuecueioca, qujquetzalotlavia, qujiottovia.</p>\n<h5>Injc vme parrapho: itechpa tlatoa, in quetzalitztli, in quenjnamj ic tlachia in juhquj tetl.</h5>\n<h5>Quetzalitztli:</h5>\n<p>inin itoca itech qujztica in quetzalli, yoan itztli: ipampa in jtlachializ iuhqujn quetzalli, xoxoctic: auh in jnacaio, injc atic, auh inj ticeoac iuhqujn itztli, tlaçotli, maviztic, patio,</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"b2784dd5-6d33-49b0-92fd-53b8858182e8","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"the seashells, the pearls come from the seashore; they appear on the edge of the ocean. The opals are removed from the ocean sand, and they appear in the rivers of Totonacapan.\n\nAnd the precious stone, the mother of the green stone, when the experienced seek it, in order to polish it, it is said, &#8220;They work, they break up its mother.&#8221; And when they have found [the green stone], they fashion it, they cut it. And then they work it with abrasive sand; they grind it. To polish it further, to make it glisten, they rub it with a fine cane; they make it shine.\n\n\n##### Second paragraph, which telleth of the emerald-green jade, which sometimes looks like a stone.\n\n##### Emerald-green jade[^1]\n\nThe name of this comes from *quetzalli* [quetzal feather] and *itztli* [obsidian], because its appearance is like a green quetzal feather. And its body is as transparent and as dense[^2] as obsidian. It is precious, esteemed, valuable; \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: William F. Foshag: &#8220;Mineralogical Studies on Guatemalan Jade,&#8221; *Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections*, Vol. 135, No. 5 (Washington, 1957), p. 8.\n\n\n[^2]: *Acad. Hist. MS: tetzavac*.","html":"<p>the seashells, the pearls come from the seashore; they appear on the edge of the ocean. The opals are removed from the ocean sand, and they appear in the rivers of Totonacapan.</p>\n<p>And the precious stone, the mother of the green stone, when the experienced seek it, in order to polish it, it is said, “They work, they break up its mother.” And when they have found [the green stone], they fashion it, they cut it. And then they work it with abrasive sand; they grind it. To polish it further, to make it glisten, they rub it with a fine cane; they make it shine.</p>\n<h5>Second paragraph, which telleth of the emerald-green jade, which sometimes looks like a stone.</h5>\n<h5>Emerald-green jade<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h5>\n<p>The name of this comes from <em>quetzalli</em> [quetzal feather] and <em>itztli</em> [obsidian], because its appearance is like a green quetzal feather. And its body is as transparent and as dense<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> as obsidian. It is precious, esteemed, valuable;</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>William F. Foshag: “Mineralogical Studies on Guatemalan Jade,” <em>Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections</em>, Vol. 135, No. 5 (Washington, 1957), p. 8.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Acad. Hist. MS: tetzavac</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"204r"}