El esmeril hácese en las provincias de Anáhuac y Tototépec. Son unas pedrezuelas pequeñuelas, unas coloradas, otras azules, otras pardas. Traídas acá estas partes, cómpranlas los lapidarios y muélenlas, y la arena que de ella sale es el esmeril con que labren y pulen las piedras preciosas.
\n[Temetztlalli:] La escoria que sale de los metales cuando se punden o se labran, y tanbién la vena o piedra de donde se sacan estos metales.
\n[Temetztlalli:] Una manera de margaxita que sale del metal cuando se lava, después de molido.
\n[Apetztli:] Una manera de margaxita negra que se hace en muchas partes, que
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"6e4fd44f-3ee2-468d-869c-698431a54a31","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"#### useful things that form in the ground, such as emery and marcasite[^130]\n\nEmery is formed in the provinces of Anahuac and Tototepec.[^131] They are some tiny little stones—some red, others blue, others grayish brown. Once they are brought here to these regions, the lapidaries buy them and grind them; and the sand that comes out of them is the emery that they use to carve and polish precious stones.\n\n_Temetztlalli_ (crushed lead):[^132] The slag that comes out of metals when they are smelted or carved, as well as the vein or stone from which these metals are extracted.\n\n_Temetztlalli_ (a type of black marcasite):[^133] A type of marcasite that comes out of metal when it is washed, after it has been ground.\n\n_Apetztli_ (marcasite):[^134] A type of black marcasite that is formed in many regions, which \n\n\n[^130]: “Marcasite”: _margaxita_. Sahagún uses the word _margaxita_ (marcasite) throughout this chapter; Anderson and Dibble (A&D, bk. 11, 237–38) translate this word as “pyrite.” Even today, the term _marcasite_ is sometimes incorrectly attributed to pyrites in the gemstone trade. See “Pyrite (Marcasite).”\n\n[^131]: In every paragraph of this chapter in the manuscript, Sahagún inserts the corresponding Spanish terms in the Nahuatl-language column. In this sentence in the manuscript, the Spanish word _esmeril_ (emery) is written above the Nahuatl word _teoxalli_. Conversely, I am including the corresponding Nahuatl terms in each paragraph heading here, as also provided in LAGQ, followed by the English translation of Sahagún’s Spanish glosses on these words.\n\n[^132]: The phrase _plomo molido_ (crushed lead) is written over the word _temetztlalli_ in the Nahuatl-language column in the manuscript.\n\n[^133]: The phrase _una manera de margaxita negra_ (a type of black marcasite) is written in the Nahuatl-language column over the word _temetztlalli_.\n\n[^134]: The word _margaxita_ (marcasite) is written in the Nahuatl-language column over the word _apetztli_.","html":"Emery is formed in the provinces of Anahuac and Tototepec.2 They are some tiny little stones—some red, others blue, others grayish brown. Once they are brought here to these regions, the lapidaries buy them and grind them; and the sand that comes out of them is the emery that they use to carve and polish precious stones.
\nTemetztlalli (crushed lead):3 The slag that comes out of metals when they are smelted or carved, as well as the vein or stone from which these metals are extracted.
\nTemetztlalli (a type of black marcasite):4 A type of marcasite that comes out of metal when it is washed, after it has been ground.
\nApetztli (marcasite):5 A type of black marcasite that is formed in many regions, which
\n“Marcasite”: margaxita. Sahagún uses the word margaxita (marcasite) throughout this chapter; Anderson and Dibble (A&D, bk. 11, 237–38) translate this word as “pyrite.” Even today, the term marcasite is sometimes incorrectly attributed to pyrites in the gemstone trade. See “Pyrite (Marcasite).”↩
In every paragraph of this chapter in the manuscript, Sahagún inserts the corresponding Spanish terms in the Nahuatl-language column. In this sentence in the manuscript, the Spanish word esmeril (emery) is written above the Nahuatl word teoxalli. Conversely, I am including the corresponding Nahuatl terms in each paragraph heading here, as also provided in LAGQ, followed by the English translation of Sahagún’s Spanish glosses on these words.↩
The phrase plomo molido (crushed lead) is written over the word temetztlalli in the Nahuatl-language column in the manuscript.↩
The phrase una manera de margaxita negra (a type of black marcasite) is written in the Nahuatl-language column over the word temetztlalli.↩
The word margaxita (marcasite) is written in the Nahuatl-language column over the word apetztli.↩
axcan mjtoa vei xalli tetl, tepetl, texcalli, iztac, tecoçauhtic, nexeoac, tlatlavic, tlilaiotic, tlaquaquanj, tlatlamjanj, tlacanaoanj: cequj teçontic, chachaquachtic, papaiaxtic; cequj cuechtic, vel pitzavac, tlaquaqua, tlâchiquj, tlacanaoa, tlatlamja:
\nnjtlateoxalhuja, njtlachiquj, njtlaquava.
\niehoatl in jtech qujça in teucujtlatl, in aço temetztli, anoço amuchitl, tlalli, xoxoxoctic, tecpatetic, tenextetic, xaltic, moneccaio, nequjzio, neconj, paconj, atililonj, etic, eticpatic, cujtlaxocotl, cujtlaxocopatic;
\nnjtemetztlaltataca, njtemetztlalcuj, njtemetztlalteçi, njtemetztlallatia, njtemetztlallatilia.
\niuhqujn apetztli pêpepetlaca, xaltic, xalpitzactic.
\nnjtlatemetztlalhuja.
\nçan vel no iuhquj in temetztlalli, iece çan vel mol[huj]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"dbc4db3f-56ed-4dc0-9a42-521b652fdbb3","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### which telleth of the really fine stones.\n\n##### Teoxalli\n##### *Emery*[^1]\n\nIt is now called *uei xalli*. [It is of] the mountains, the crags. It is white, yellow, ashen, ruddy, mixed black and green. It is a grinder; it is that which wears away, which thins things. Some are like volcanic rock, rough, fragmented; some are fine, quite minute. They grind, abrade, thin, wear things away.\n\nI treat things with *teoxalli*. I abrade things. I harden.\n\n##### Temetztlalli\n##### *Pulverized lead*\n\nThis is the earth from which the gold, or the lead, or the tin comes. It is green, like flint, like limestone, like sand. It is useful, desirable, necessary; it is washable, liquefiable. It is heavy, very heavy; it is weighty, very weighty.\n\nI excavate *temetztlalli*. I gather *temetztlalli*. I pulverize *temetztlalli*. I heat *temetztlalli*. I fire *temetztlalli*.\n\n##### Temetztlalli\n##### *A kind of black pyrite*\n\nIt is like iron pyrites. It shines; it is like sand, like fine sand.\n\nI apply *temetztlalli* to something.\n\n##### Iron pyrite\n##### *Pyrite*\n\nIt is the same as *temetztlalli*; however, it is nothing \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: In the *Florentine Codex*, each Nahuatl paragraph is preceded by a Spanish heading or explanation. In the format devised for this publication, it appears to be preferable to begin with the Nahuatl heading here and in following chapters.","html":"It is now called uei xalli. [It is of] the mountains, the crags. It is white, yellow, ashen, ruddy, mixed black and green. It is a grinder; it is that which wears away, which thins things. Some are like volcanic rock, rough, fragmented; some are fine, quite minute. They grind, abrade, thin, wear things away.
\nI treat things with teoxalli. I abrade things. I harden.
\nThis is the earth from which the gold, or the lead, or the tin comes. It is green, like flint, like limestone, like sand. It is useful, desirable, necessary; it is washable, liquefiable. It is heavy, very heavy; it is weighty, very weighty.
\nI excavate temetztlalli. I gather temetztlalli. I pulverize temetztlalli. I heat temetztlalli. I fire temetztlalli.
\nIt is like iron pyrites. It shines; it is like sand, like fine sand.
\nI apply temetztlalli to something.
\nIt is the same as temetztlalli; however, it is nothing
\nIn the Florentine Codex, each Nahuatl paragraph is preceded by a Spanish heading or explanation. In the format devised for this publication, it appears to be preferable to begin with the Nahuatl heading here and in following chapters.↩