{"id":"89a20d8e-33ac-44a1-bb0d-2300f42c914b","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/21r/","folio":"21r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/20v/","folio":"20v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/21v/","folio":"21v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_175r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/e411e8be-00df-4a10-a390-3069dfa6a988/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/d4f50f77-0b02-4dee-9002-f430fa6d69d1/","canvas_label":{"en":["21r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"ee584962-20cb-4332-a4e6-d98f8d7e4920","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"en la cabeza, colorado. Tiene el pecho y barriga y la cola y las alas de color encarnado, muy fino, y las espaldas y los codos de las alas muy colorado. El pico tiene amarillo, y los pies amarillos. Dicen que este ave es el príncipe de las garzotas blancas que se juntan a él donde quiera que le ven.\n\nHay otra avecilla de plumas ricas que se llama _xiuhquéchol_. Tiene la pluma verde como yerba. Tiene las alas azules, y también la cola. Críase esta ave hacia las partes que llaman Anáhuac, que es al oriente de México, hacia la Mar del Sur.\n\nHay otra ave que se llama _zacuan_. Tiene el pico agudo y las plumas de sobre el pico tiene coloradas. Tiene las plumas leonadas por todo el cuerpo. Las plumas de la cola son amarillas muy finas y resplandecientes. Tiene la misma cola otras plumas negras con que cubre las amarillas cuando vuela, y estiende la cola; entonces se parecen las plumas amarillas, reverberan la color amarilla con las negras, y así parecen como llama de fuego, y como oro. Críanse en Anáhuac.","html":"<p>en la cabeza, colorado. Tiene el pecho y barriga y la cola y las alas de color encarnado, muy fino, y las espaldas y los codos de las alas muy colorado. El pico tiene amarillo, y los pies amarillos. Dicen que este ave es el príncipe de las garzotas blancas que se juntan a él donde quiera que le ven.</p>\n<p>Hay otra avecilla de plumas ricas que se llama <em>xiuhquéchol</em>. Tiene la pluma verde como yerba. Tiene las alas azules, y también la cola. Críase esta ave hacia las partes que llaman Anáhuac, que es al oriente de México, hacia la Mar del Sur.</p>\n<p>Hay otra ave que se llama <em>zacuan</em>. Tiene el pico agudo y las plumas de sobre el pico tiene coloradas. Tiene las plumas leonadas por todo el cuerpo. Las plumas de la cola son amarillas muy finas y resplandecientes. Tiene la misma cola otras plumas negras con que cubre las amarillas cuando vuela, y estiende la cola; entonces se parecen las plumas amarillas, reverberan la color amarilla con las negras, y así parecen como llama de fuego, y como oro. Críanse en Anáhuac.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"302ea3d5-1e9f-471f-bb70-3909a169f9fe","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"on its head. Its breast, belly, tail, and wings have a very fine ruddy color, and its back and the elbows of its wings are very red. It has a yellow bill and yellow feet.[^14] They say that this bird is the prince of the large white herons that gather around it wherever they happen to see it.\n\nThere is another little bird with valuable feathers that is called _xiuhquechol_. Its feathers are green like grass. Its wings are blue, as well as its tail. This bird lives toward the regions that they call Anahuac, which lie to the east of Mexico, toward the southern sea.\n\nThere is another bird called _zacuan_. It has a sharp beak, and the feathers on the top of its beak are red. It has tawny feathers all over its body. Its tail feathers are yellow, very fine, and shiny. The same tail has other black feathers that cover the yellow [feathers] when it flies and extends its tail; then the yellow feathers appear, sparkle against the black, and thus look like a tongue of fire and like gold. They live in Anahuac.\n\n\n[^14]: Although this detail seems to contradict what is said a few lines above, that this bird’s beak and feet are red, this change in color reflects the characteristics of the roseate spoonbill (_Platalea ajaja_), the intensity of whose coloring varies due to their diet in different regions and seasons.","html":"<p>on its head. Its breast, belly, tail, and wings have a very fine ruddy color, and its back and the elbows of its wings are very red. It has a yellow bill and yellow feet.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> They say that this bird is the prince of the large white herons that gather around it wherever they happen to see it.</p>\n<p>There is another little bird with valuable feathers that is called <em>xiuhquechol</em>. Its feathers are green like grass. Its wings are blue, as well as its tail. This bird lives toward the regions that they call Anahuac, which lie to the east of Mexico, toward the southern sea.</p>\n<p>There is another bird called <em>zacuan</em>. It has a sharp beak, and the feathers on the top of its beak are red. It has tawny feathers all over its body. Its tail feathers are yellow, very fine, and shiny. The same tail has other black feathers that cover the yellow [feathers] when it flies and extends its tail; then the yellow feathers appear, sparkle against the black, and thus look like a tongue of fire and like gold. They live in Anahuac.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Although this detail seems to contradict what is said a few lines above, that this bird’s beak and feet are red, this change in color reflects the characteristics of the roseate spoonbill (<em>Platalea ajaja</em>), the intensity of whose coloring varies due to their diet in different regions and seasons.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"581eb299-a21a-4f39-a715-f8dbe51936be","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"in jitipan, yoan in jcujtlapil, yoã in jiahaz in jatlapal: iztaleoac, tlaztaleoaltic, iztalectic, pineoac. In jcujtlapan: yoan in jiacol, chichiltic, vel icucic chilpatzcaltic tencoçavia: tencoztia, tempatlaoa, xocoçavia, xocôcoçavia: xochichilivi, iztaleoa tlaztaleoalti, chichilivi, icuci. \n\n##### Xiuhquechol:\nqujltic in jivio, texotic in jahaz, yoan in jcujtlapil anaoac nemj.\n\n##### Çaquan: \ntenvitztic, iacachichiltic: in novian ihiviio, quappachtic. Auh inj moteneoa çaquã icujtlapil in; coztic, vel cozpatic, cozpiltic, cozpalalatic. Auh tliltic injc qujtlapachoa: no ic qujpechia, in jquac qujçoa.\n\nicujtlapil: iquac in oalneci coztic; vel qujtlanexmaca, qujtonameiotia in tliltic: iuhqujn tletl, iuhqujn tlexochtli, iuhqujn teucujtlatl oalneci.","html":"<p>in jitipan, yoan in jcujtlapil, yoã in jiahaz in jatlapal: iztaleoac, tlaztaleoaltic, iztalectic, pineoac. In jcujtlapan: yoan in jiacol, chichiltic, vel icucic chilpatzcaltic tencoçavia: tencoztia, tempatlaoa, xocoçavia, xocôcoçavia: xochichilivi, iztaleoa tlaztaleoalti, chichilivi, icuci.</p>\n<h5>Xiuhquechol:</h5>\n<p>qujltic in jivio, texotic in jahaz, yoan in jcujtlapil anaoac nemj.</p>\n<h5>Çaquan:</h5>\n<p>tenvitztic, iacachichiltic: in novian ihiviio, quappachtic. Auh inj moteneoa çaquã icujtlapil in; coztic, vel cozpatic, cozpiltic, cozpalalatic. Auh tliltic injc qujtlapachoa: no ic qujpechia, in jquac qujçoa.</p>\n<p>icujtlapil: iquac in oalneci coztic; vel qujtlanexmaca, qujtonameiotia in tliltic: iuhqujn tletl, iuhqujn tlexochtli, iuhqujn teucujtlatl oalneci.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"5bd80849-8f70-402a-a9a4-9a61006d294a","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Its head—as well as on its breast, on its belly—and its tail, and its wings are pale, pink, whitish, light-colored. Its back and its wing-bend are chili-red, a well-textured, dried chili-red; the bill becomes yellow. The bill is yellow, the bill becomes wide; the legs become yellow, the legs become very yellow, chili-red. [Its plumage] becomes pale, pink, chili-red, well textured.\n\n##### Xiuhquechol[^9]\n\nIts feathers are herb-green; its wings and tail are blue. It lives in Anahuac.\n\n##### Troupial[^10]\n\nIt is pointed of bill; the feathers over the nose are chili-red. Everywhere [over the body] its feathers are tawny. And for this reason is it called *çaquan*; its tail is yellow, very yellow, intense yellow, colored yellow, but there are black [feathers] which cover it, which also underlie it. When it spreads its tail, then the yellow shows through. The black ones show splendor, radiate like a flame; like embers, like gold they show through.\n\n\n\n\n[^9]: *Xiuhquechol: Momotus lessoni goldmani* in Rafael Martín del Campo, &#8220;Ensayo de interpretación del Libro undécimo de la Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún,&#8221; II, &#8220;Las Aves,&#8221; *Anales del Instituto de Biología*, Vol. XI, No. 1. (Mexico, 1940), p. 388. *Cotinga* sp. according to Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 369.\n\n\n[^10]: *Çaquan: Gymnostinops montezuma* (Lesson) in Friedmann et al., *op. cit*., Pt. II, p. 276.","html":"<p>Its head—as well as on its breast, on its belly—and its tail, and its wings are pale, pink, whitish, light-colored. Its back and its wing-bend are chili-red, a well-textured, dried chili-red; the bill becomes yellow. The bill is yellow, the bill becomes wide; the legs become yellow, the legs become very yellow, chili-red. [Its plumage] becomes pale, pink, chili-red, well textured.</p>\n<h5>Xiuhquechol<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h5>\n<p>Its feathers are herb-green; its wings and tail are blue. It lives in Anahuac.</p>\n<h5>Troupial<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It is pointed of bill; the feathers over the nose are chili-red. Everywhere [over the body] its feathers are tawny. And for this reason is it called <em>çaquan</em>; its tail is yellow, very yellow, intense yellow, colored yellow, but there are black [feathers] which cover it, which also underlie it. When it spreads its tail, then the yellow shows through. The black ones show splendor, radiate like a flame; like embers, like gold they show through.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Xiuhquechol: Momotus lessoni goldmani</em> in Rafael Martín del Campo, “Ensayo de interpretación del Libro undécimo de la Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de Fray Bernardino de Sahagún,” II, “Las Aves,” <em>Anales del Instituto de Biología</em>, Vol. XI, No. 1. (Mexico, 1940), p. 388. <em>Cotinga</em> sp. according to Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 369.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Çaquan: Gymnostinops montezuma</em> (Lesson) in Friedmann et al., <em>op. cit</em>., Pt. II, p. 276.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"21r"}