{"id":"84fb440b-ba0e-4ea0-826f-df42ceda7017","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/54r/","folio":"54r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/53v/","folio":"53v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/54v/","folio":"54v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_206r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/254d276c-477c-4ce3-af6f-470e7ce66c61/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/863a6ffc-afb4-4fcd-b0e1-bf51b39d1fb4/","canvas_label":{"en":["54r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"57ff0123-9039-4aea-ab59-1c022848b6bf","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"principios nadie las usaban matar ni tirar, porque estaba vedado por el señor.\n\nHay otras maneras de estas aves que se llaman _tzánatl_. Unas son pardillas; otras negras. Hay muchas, y andan en bandas; comen el maíz. Hacen gran daño en él. No son de comer.\n\nHay otra ave que se llama _coyoltótotl_. Son como los turdos ya dichos, salvo que tienen las gargantas coloradas, y los pechos, y también las alas, y las plumas de a par de la cola. Algunos dellos tienen el pecho amarillo, y los codillos de las alas blancos. Y cantan muy bien. Por esto se llama _coyoltótotl_, que quiere decir \"ave que canta como cascabel\". Crían entre las espadañas.\n\nHay otra ave que se llama _huílotl_, que es como paloma. Tiene el pico delgado y agudo. Es de color cenicienta. Tiene las","html":"<p>principios nadie las usaban matar ni tirar, porque estaba vedado por el señor.</p>\n<p>Hay otras maneras de estas aves que se llaman <em>tzánatl</em>. Unas son pardillas; otras negras. Hay muchas, y andan en bandas; comen el maíz. Hacen gran daño en él. No son de comer.</p>\n<p>Hay otra ave que se llama <em>coyoltótotl</em>. Son como los turdos ya dichos, salvo que tienen las gargantas coloradas, y los pechos, y también las alas, y las plumas de a par de la cola. Algunos dellos tienen el pecho amarillo, y los codillos de las alas blancos. Y cantan muy bien. Por esto se llama <em>coyoltótotl</em>, que quiere decir &quot;ave que canta como cascabel&quot;. Crían entre las espadañas.</p>\n<p>Hay otra ave que se llama <em>huílotl</em>, que es como paloma. Tiene el pico delgado y agudo. Es de color cenicienta. Tiene las</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"a3c2c72d-9d18-4381-9899-494f092b7945","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"beginning, no one would kill or shoot them, because this had been prohibited by the lord.\n\nThere are other types of these birds called _tzanatl_. Some are brownish; others are black. There are many of them, and they move in flocks. They eat maize; they cause great damage to it. They are not edible.\n\nThere is another bird called _coyoltototl_. They are like the thrushes already mentioned, except that their throats and breasts are red, as well as their wings and their paired tail feathers. Some of them have yellow breasts, and the elbows of their wings are white. And they are very good singers. This is why they are called _coyoltototl_, which means “bird that sings like a bell.” They breed among the reeds.\n\nThere is another bird called _huilotl_, which is like a dove. Its beak is thin and sharp. It is ashen colored. It has","html":"<p>beginning, no one would kill or shoot them, because this had been prohibited by the lord.</p>\n<p>There are other types of these birds called <em>tzanatl</em>. Some are brownish; others are black. There are many of them, and they move in flocks. They eat maize; they cause great damage to it. They are not edible.</p>\n<p>There is another bird called <em>coyoltototl</em>. They are like the thrushes already mentioned, except that their throats and breasts are red, as well as their wings and their paired tail feathers. Some of them have yellow breasts, and the elbows of their wings are white. And they are very good singers. This is why they are called <em>coyoltototl</em>, which means “bird that sings like a bell.” They breed among the reeds.</p>\n<p>There is another bird called <em>huilotl</em>, which is like a dove. Its beak is thin and sharp. It is ashen colored. It has</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"e819952e-cd30-435a-8d56-546c5e926936","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[qujnmotla]ia, nepanotl ic neaioia: in aquj̄ qujnmotlaia, nepanotl qujmolhujaia in maceoaltin: tle tay, o, maca xicnotza, maca xicmotla, itotouh in tlacatl.\n\n##### Acatzanatl: anoço acatzunatl,\ncequj vel tliltique, cequj çan pochectique: tullâ chaneque, tullâ in tlapanj, vel qujmoiautia in tonacaiutl: yoã in ocujli, yoan in tlein iolcatontli, patlantinemj.\n\n##### Coioltototl: \nçan ie no ieh in Acatzanatl, iece cequj, tozcachichiltic, ielchichiltic, amatlapalchîchichiltic, tzintetenpan chichiltic, cequj elcoztic, elcoçauhquj: acoliztac. Auh cenca qualli: cenca iectli in itlâtol, vel coioltic, velic, tzopelic, ic motocaiotia coioltototl: tulla, tulitic in tlapachoa, in tlatlapana.\n\n##### Vilotl:\ntempitzaoac, tenvitztic, nexeoacaticectic, xotlacotic, xoviac, cujtlapillanquj, cujtlapilhujac, achi quauhticatontli, quechancatontli.","html":"<p>[qujnmotla]ia, nepanotl ic neaioia: in aquj̄ qujnmotlaia, nepanotl qujmolhujaia in maceoaltin: tle tay, o, maca xicnotza, maca xicmotla, itotouh in tlacatl.</p>\n<h5>Acatzanatl: anoço acatzunatl,</h5>\n<p>cequj vel tliltique, cequj çan pochectique: tullâ chaneque, tullâ in tlapanj, vel qujmoiautia in tonacaiutl: yoã in ocujli, yoan in tlein iolcatontli, patlantinemj.</p>\n<h5>Coioltototl:</h5>\n<p>çan ie no ieh in Acatzanatl, iece cequj, tozcachichiltic, ielchichiltic, amatlapalchîchichiltic, tzintetenpan chichiltic, cequj elcoztic, elcoçauhquj: acoliztac. Auh cenca qualli: cenca iectli in itlâtol, vel coioltic, velic, tzopelic, ic motocaiotia coioltototl: tulla, tulitic in tlapachoa, in tlatlapana.</p>\n<h5>Vilotl:</h5>\n<p>tempitzaoac, tenvitztic, nexeoacaticectic, xotlacotic, xoviac, cujtlapillanquj, cujtlapilhujac, achi quauhticatontli, quechancatontli.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"be6193af-7711-4688-a220-e7b77cebc3b5","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"throw stones at them. If anyone stoned them, they chided one another; the common folk said to one another, &#8220;What are you doing over there? Do not shout at, do not stone the lord&#8217;s birds!&#8221;\n\n##### Acatzanatl or acatzunatl[^4]\n\nSome are quite black, some only smoky. They dwell among the reeds; among the reeds they hatch. They prey especially upon maize, and worms, and the small insects which fly.\n\n##### Coyoltototl[^5]\n\nIt is the same as the *acatzanatl*, though some have a chili-red throat, breast, wings, rump. Some are yellow-breasted, very yellow-breasted, with white wing-bends. And very good, very clear, is its song—much like a bell, pleasing, sweet. Hence is it named *coyoltototl*. In the reeds, in the midst of reeds it sits, it hatches.\n\n##### Mourning dove[^6]\n\nIt has a slender, pointed bill. It is chalky-ashen. Its legs are like sticks, long, extending [back] toward the tail; the tail is long. It is somewhat tall, long-necked. \n\n\n\n\n[^4]: Corresponding text ref. to *&#8221;otras maneras de estas aues que se llaman tzanatl&#8221;* agrees with Martín del Campo, *loc. cit.,* and Santamaría, *op. cit.,* p. 18 (*acazanate*).\n\n\n[^5]: *Coyoltototl:* Martín del Campo, *loc. cit.,* suggests *Agelaius gubernator grandis*.\n\n\n[^6]: *Uilotl: Zenaidura macroura* Linnaeus (Friedmann *et al., op. cit.,* Pt. I, p. 116; Martín del Campo, *loc. cit*.).","html":"<p>throw stones at them. If anyone stoned them, they chided one another; the common folk said to one another, “What are you doing over there? Do not shout at, do not stone the lord’s birds!”</p>\n<h5>Acatzanatl or acatzunatl<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h5>\n<p>Some are quite black, some only smoky. They dwell among the reeds; among the reeds they hatch. They prey especially upon maize, and worms, and the small insects which fly.</p>\n<h5>Coyoltototl<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It is the same as the <em>acatzanatl</em>, though some have a chili-red throat, breast, wings, rump. Some are yellow-breasted, very yellow-breasted, with white wing-bends. And very good, very clear, is its song—much like a bell, pleasing, sweet. Hence is it named <em>coyoltototl</em>. In the reeds, in the midst of reeds it sits, it hatches.</p>\n<h5>Mourning dove<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It has a slender, pointed bill. It is chalky-ashen. Its legs are like sticks, long, extending [back] toward the tail; the tail is long. It is somewhat tall, long-necked.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Corresponding text ref. to <em>”otras maneras de estas aues que se llaman tzanatl”</em> agrees with Martín del Campo, <em>loc. cit.,</em> and Santamaría, <em>op. cit.,</em> p. 18 (<em>acazanate</em>).<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Coyoltototl:</em> Martín del Campo, <em>loc. cit.,</em> suggests <em>Agelaius gubernator grandis</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>Uilotl: Zenaidura macroura</em> Linnaeus (Friedmann <em>et al., op. cit.,</em> Pt. I, p. 116; Martín del Campo, <em>loc. cit</em>.).<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"54r"}