y al perro. Cuando anda suelto canta también de noche. Críanse en jaulas.
\nHay otra avecita que se llama miahuatótotl o xopantótotl. Es como verdejoncillo. Cantan muy bien. Agrada mucho su canto. Es pequeñito.
\nHay una ave en esta tierra que se llama chiquimolli. Es del tamaño de un tordo. Es como el pito de España en su propriedad. Tiene en la cabeza un tocadillo como colorado deslavado. Tiene el pico blanco. Las plumas de todo el cuerpo son negras, pintadas de pardo. El cuello de la parte de delante, amarillo. Tiene los pies como tordo. Come gusanos que se crían en los árboles. Hace nido dentro de los maderos de los árboles, agujerándolos con el pico. Tiene canto agudo y delgado. Gorjea algunas veces; da silbos otras veces; parla o gorjea, como si muchas aves tuviesen juntas. Y cuando gruñe como ratón, es señal de enojo, y tómase mal agüero deste chillido. Y los que le oyen dicen: "Chilla contra nosotros el chiquimolli. Mirad; id con aviso que algún mal nos ha de acondecer." Y cuando silba, toman señal que está alegre, y los caminantes que le oían dicen: "Silba el chiquimolli. Alguna buena ventura nos ha de venir." A los que están riñendo unos con otros, mujeres o hombres, dícenlos que son chiquimolli, porque estando voceando los unos con otros. Si alguno entra de fuera donde algunos están juntos y regocijados y comienza a reñir con ellos, o con alguno dellos, sin propósito, dícenle: "Vete dahí, chiquimolli." También se llama por este nombre los que siempre riñas o barajas entre otros.
\nHay una avecilla en esta tierra que se llama chachalacámetl. Es del tamaño de una graja. La pluma de todo el cuerpo tiénenla de color de un amarillo mortecino. Tiene la cola ametalada de blanco y negro. Come fruta y maíz molido. Cría en lo alto de los árboles. Canta en verano, y por eso le llaman chachalacámetl. Cuando se juntan muchas destas aves, una dellas comienza a cantar, y luego la siguen todas las otras. Tiene en el pescuezo corales como la gallina desta tierra, aunque pequeñitas. Y de noche canta tres veces como gallo de Castilla. Dicen que despierta para que se levanten los que duermen.
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"fde50bad-0773-41bd-8b4b-b241c459fee6","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and dogs. When it roams freely, it also sings at night. They are bred in cages.\n\nThere is another little bird that is called _miahuatototl_ or _xopantototl_. It is somewhat greenish. They sing very well. Its song is very pleasing. It is tiny.\n\nIn this land, there is a bird that is called _chiquimolli_. It is the size of a thrush. It has the same features of the Spanish woodpecker. On its head, it has a little faded-red crest. It has a white beak. The feathers all over its body are black, with some grayish-brown spots. The front part of its neck is yellow. Its feet are like a thrush’s. It eats the worms that live inside trees. It makes its nest inside tree trunks, boring holes in them with its beak. It has a thin, shrill song. Sometimes it chirps; other times it whistles. It talks or chirps, [sounding] as if there were many of these birds together. And when it grumbles like a mouse, it is a sign that it is angry, and they take this screech as a bad omen. And those who hear it say, “The _chiquimolli_ is screeching at us. Look out! Beware, for something bad is going to happen to us.” And when it whistles, they take it as a sign that it is happy, and the wayfarers who happen to hear it say, “The _chiquimolli_ is whistling. Something lucky is going to happen to us.” And they say that those who are quarreling with each other, whether they are men or women, are _chiquimolli_, because they keep yelling at each other. If someone comes from outside to a place where some people are having a good time together and starts quarreling with them or with one of them, without any reason, they say to this person, “Get out of here, _chiquimolli_.” Those who are always quarreling or squabbling with others are also called this name.\n\nIn this land, there is a little bird that is called _chachalacametl_. It is the size of a grackle. The feathers all over its body have a dull-yellow color. Its tail has a black-and-white metallic sheen. It eats fruit and ground maize. It breeds in the treetops. It sings in the summer, and that is why they call it _chachalacametl_. Whenever many of these birds gather together, one of them begins to sing, and then all the others follow it. It has a coral necklace on its neck, like the chicken from this land, but much smaller. And it sings three times at night, like the Castilian rooster. They say that it wakes up in order to awaken those who are sleeping.","html":"and dogs. When it roams freely, it also sings at night. They are bred in cages.
\nThere is another little bird that is called miahuatototl or xopantototl. It is somewhat greenish. They sing very well. Its song is very pleasing. It is tiny.
\nIn this land, there is a bird that is called chiquimolli. It is the size of a thrush. It has the same features of the Spanish woodpecker. On its head, it has a little faded-red crest. It has a white beak. The feathers all over its body are black, with some grayish-brown spots. The front part of its neck is yellow. Its feet are like a thrush’s. It eats the worms that live inside trees. It makes its nest inside tree trunks, boring holes in them with its beak. It has a thin, shrill song. Sometimes it chirps; other times it whistles. It talks or chirps, [sounding] as if there were many of these birds together. And when it grumbles like a mouse, it is a sign that it is angry, and they take this screech as a bad omen. And those who hear it say, “The chiquimolli is screeching at us. Look out! Beware, for something bad is going to happen to us.” And when it whistles, they take it as a sign that it is happy, and the wayfarers who happen to hear it say, “The chiquimolli is whistling. Something lucky is going to happen to us.” And they say that those who are quarreling with each other, whether they are men or women, are chiquimolli, because they keep yelling at each other. If someone comes from outside to a place where some people are having a good time together and starts quarreling with them or with one of them, without any reason, they say to this person, “Get out of here, chiquimolli.” Those who are always quarreling or squabbling with others are also called this name.
\nIn this land, there is a little bird that is called chachalacametl. It is the size of a grackle. The feathers all over its body have a dull-yellow color. Its tail has a black-and-white metallic sheen. It eats fruit and ground maize. It breeds in the treetops. It sings in the summer, and that is why they call it chachalacametl. Whenever many of these birds gather together, one of them begins to sing, and then all the others follow it. It has a coral necklace on its neck, like the chicken from this land, but much smaller. And it sings three times at night, like the Castilian rooster. They say that it wakes up in order to awaken those who are sleeping.
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"c140545c-ec1f-464b-af67-035f24af4c2a","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"vexolotl, in cioatotolin: no qujtlaeiecalhuja in chichi: in oc ichã nemj ceiooal in tlatoa.\n\n##### Miaoatototl:\nyoan itoca xopã tototl, ololtontli, coziaiactic; tlâtole, iamanca tlatole, cujcanj, teiolpaqujlti, teiolavielti: qualton, qualtepil, qualteton.\n\n##### Chiqujmoli:\niuhqujn tzanatl ic vei: quachichiqujle, tlappoiaoac in jquachichiqujl: iztac in jtē, tliltic, in jvio, nextic ic mocujcujlo: in jtozcac coztic: in jcxi ach iuhq͗n tzanatl: in jtlaqual quauhocujli itech qujqujxtia quavitl in ocujltin. Auh in mochãtia, in vncã tlacati, quavitl iitic, qujcoionja in quavitl.\nAuh injc tlatoa cenca tzatzi, chachalaca: in quēman iuhqujn mapipitzoa: yoã iuhqujnma, mjequjntin totome ic tlatoa: \nAuh in jquac iuhquj pipitzcatica: qualanj, in juh mjtoa: inin no tetzãmachoa, in aqujq̅, qujcaquja: qujtoaia, ie topan pipitzca, xômjmattivia tlein topã muchioaz: auh in jquac mapipitzoa qujl pactica: auh qujtoaia in nenēque in anoço pochteca. Mapipitzoa aço itla tomaçeoaltiz. Auh vncã aio ic tocaiotilo, chiqujmoli: in aqujn amo qujteimachiltia teaoa, anoço itla ic techalanja, in aço vncã pacoatoc qujlhuja xiauh, xiqujça iuhqujn tichiqujmoli otonepantla tommotecaco. oc cenca ie itechpa mjtoa, in tenetechalanja. in jtla ic tenepantla moteca.\n\n##### Chachalacametl,\nixqujch in teutzanatl, achi ixcoztic, noviã iuhquj, in jcujtlapil iztacaviviltecquj: in itlaqual suchiqualli: no ie tlaolli, textli: quauhovicã in motapaçoltia: auh tonalco in tlatoa: injc mjtoa chachalacametl intla quexqujchtin omotlaliq̅, çã cē cõpeoaltia tlatoa, mec moch tlatoa. auh cozq̅, iuhqujn totolin icozquj çã tepitotõ: auh in ioaltica, expã tlatoa: in juhquj caxtillã vexolotl: mitoa teixitia.","html":"vexolotl, in cioatotolin: no qujtlaeiecalhuja in chichi: in oc ichã nemj ceiooal in tlatoa.
\nyoan itoca xopã tototl, ololtontli, coziaiactic; tlâtole, iamanca tlatole, cujcanj, teiolpaqujlti, teiolavielti: qualton, qualtepil, qualteton.
\niuhqujn tzanatl ic vei: quachichiqujle, tlappoiaoac in jquachichiqujl: iztac in jtē, tliltic, in jvio, nextic ic mocujcujlo: in jtozcac coztic: in jcxi ach iuhq͗n tzanatl: in jtlaqual quauhocujli itech qujqujxtia quavitl in ocujltin. Auh in mochãtia, in vncã tlacati, quavitl iitic, qujcoionja in quavitl.\nAuh injc tlatoa cenca tzatzi, chachalaca: in quēman iuhqujn mapipitzoa: yoã iuhqujnma, mjequjntin totome ic tlatoa:\nAuh in jquac iuhquj pipitzcatica: qualanj, in juh mjtoa: inin no tetzãmachoa, in aqujq̅, qujcaquja: qujtoaia, ie topan pipitzca, xômjmattivia tlein topã muchioaz: auh in jquac mapipitzoa qujl pactica: auh qujtoaia in nenēque in anoço pochteca. Mapipitzoa aço itla tomaçeoaltiz. Auh vncã aio ic tocaiotilo, chiqujmoli: in aqujn amo qujteimachiltia teaoa, anoço itla ic techalanja, in aço vncã pacoatoc qujlhuja xiauh, xiqujça iuhqujn tichiqujmoli otonepantla tommotecaco. oc cenca ie itechpa mjtoa, in tenetechalanja. in jtla ic tenepantla moteca.
\nixqujch in teutzanatl, achi ixcoztic, noviã iuhquj, in jcujtlapil iztacaviviltecquj: in itlaqual suchiqualli: no ie tlaolli, textli: quauhovicã in motapaçoltia: auh tonalco in tlatoa: injc mjtoa chachalacametl intla quexqujchtin omotlaliq̅, çã cē cõpeoaltia tlatoa, mec moch tlatoa. auh cozq̅, iuhqujn totolin icozquj çã tepitotõ: auh in ioaltica, expã tlatoa: in juhquj caxtillã vexolotl: mitoa teixitia.
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"469a45cc-44cc-42fe-84be-9b66afccb1d1","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"cocks, the hens. It also mocks the dogs. When it still lives in its habitat, it sings all night.\n\n##### Miauatototl\n\nAlso its name is *xopan tototl*. It is small, round, dark yellow. It has a song, a soft song; it is a singer. It gladdens one; it makes one rejoice. It is small, tiny, minute.\n\n##### Ladder-backed woodpecker[^3]\n\nIt is large as a *tzanatl*. It is crested. Dark colored is its crest;[^4] white its bill; black spotted with ashen are its feathers. Its throat is yellow. Its legs are somewhat like those of the *tzanatl*. Its food is tree worms; it extracts the worms from the trees. And it nests, it breeds within the tree; it makes a hole in the tree.\n\nAnd when it sings, it cries out much, it warbles, sometimes like whistling with the fingers; and it sings as if there were many birds.\n\nBut when it seems to shriek,[^5] it is angry. So, it is said, this was taken as an omen. Whoever heard it said, “It is shrieking at us. Take care; something may befall us.” But when it whistled, they said it was happy. And the travelers or merchants said, “It whistles. Perhaps something will be our reward.” And where there is contention, one is called *chiquimolin* for this reason. When he whom they distrust shouts at one or contends with one, where perhaps they sit rejoicing, they say, “Go—leave! Like a *chiquimolin* you come sowing discord among us.” Especially is this said when one arouses contentions, when one arouses bad feeling among others.\n\n##### Common chachalaca[^6]\n\nIt is the same size as the *teotzanatl*. It is somewhat yellow all over; its tail is mixed [black and] white. Its food is fruit; also maize kernels, ground maize. It nests in inaccessible parts of trees. And it sings in winter. It is called *chachalacametl* because if a number of them settle together, only one begins to sing; then all sing. And the neck is like a turkey’s neck, only very small. And it sings three times during the night, like a Castilian rooster. It is said that it awakens one.\n\n\n\n\n[^3]: *Chiqujmoli: Dryobates scalaris bairdi* (*loc. cit*.). See Friedmann *et al., op. cit.,* p. 40, under *Dendrocopos scalaris* (Wagler).\n\n\n[^4]: Corresponding Spanish text: *”colorado deslabado.”*\n\n\n[^5]: *Ibid.: “quãdo gruñe como raton.”*\n\n\n[^6]: *Chachalacametl: Ortalis vetula* (Wagler). Friedmann *et al., op. cit.,* Pt. I, p. 69.","html":"cocks, the hens. It also mocks the dogs. When it still lives in its habitat, it sings all night.
\nAlso its name is xopan tototl. It is small, round, dark yellow. It has a song, a soft song; it is a singer. It gladdens one; it makes one rejoice. It is small, tiny, minute.
\nIt is large as a tzanatl. It is crested. Dark colored is its crest;2 white its bill; black spotted with ashen are its feathers. Its throat is yellow. Its legs are somewhat like those of the tzanatl. Its food is tree worms; it extracts the worms from the trees. And it nests, it breeds within the tree; it makes a hole in the tree.
\nAnd when it sings, it cries out much, it warbles, sometimes like whistling with the fingers; and it sings as if there were many birds.
\nBut when it seems to shriek,3 it is angry. So, it is said, this was taken as an omen. Whoever heard it said, “It is shrieking at us. Take care; something may befall us.” But when it whistled, they said it was happy. And the travelers or merchants said, “It whistles. Perhaps something will be our reward.” And where there is contention, one is called chiquimolin for this reason. When he whom they distrust shouts at one or contends with one, where perhaps they sit rejoicing, they say, “Go—leave! Like a chiquimolin you come sowing discord among us.” Especially is this said when one arouses contentions, when one arouses bad feeling among others.
\nIt is the same size as the teotzanatl. It is somewhat yellow all over; its tail is mixed [black and] white. Its food is fruit; also maize kernels, ground maize. It nests in inaccessible parts of trees. And it sings in winter. It is called chachalacametl because if a number of them settle together, only one begins to sing; then all sing. And the neck is like a turkey’s neck, only very small. And it sings three times during the night, like a Castilian rooster. It is said that it awakens one.
\nChiqujmoli: Dryobates scalaris bairdi (loc. cit.). See Friedmann et al., op. cit., p. 40, under Dendrocopos scalaris (Wagler).↩
Corresponding Spanish text: ”colorado deslabado.”↩
Ibid.: “quãdo gruñe como raton.”↩
Chachalacametl: Ortalis vetula (Wagler). Friedmann et al., op. cit., Pt. I, p. 69.↩