{"id":"449f0128-d70c-4a59-a28c-bf7f9db0e53a","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/99r/","folio":"99r","book":"11"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/98v/","folio":"98v","book":"11"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/folio/99v/","folio":"99v","book":"11"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/3_251r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/dc4c3c87-7676-4af7-9f9e-856371379c36/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_3_11.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/caa971ca-9970-423b-9eb6-c351b5365345/","canvas_label":{"en":["99r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","book_title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores.","book_number":"11","total_folios":508,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"e45a5805-d540-4001-87aa-8b23dcca7ff6","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"pequeño y redondo. Hoelen mal estas arañuelas. No tienen otro bien ni mal. \n\n##### Párrafo undécimo, de las abejas que hacen miel, que hay muchas diferencias dellas, y de las mariposas\n\nHay unos abejones en esta tierra que llaman _xicotli_. Hacen miel, y hacen cuevas en la tierra, donde hacen su miel. Es muy buena miel la que hacen. Pican como abejas, y lastiman, y hínchase la picadura.","html":"<p>pequeño y redondo. Hoelen mal estas arañuelas. No tienen otro bien ni mal.</p>\n<h5>Párrafo undécimo, de las abejas que hacen miel, que hay muchas diferencias dellas, y de las mariposas</h5>\n<p>Hay unos abejones en esta tierra que llaman <em>xicotli</em>. Hacen miel, y hacen cuevas en la tierra, donde hacen su miel. Es muy buena miel la que hacen. Pican como abejas, y lastiman, y hínchase la picadura.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"d2b8d741-4c58-45ab-ac69-c299078e36b7","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"round body. These little spiders smell bad. They do not have any other good or bad traits.\n\n##### Eleventh paragraph: On the bees—for there is a great variety of them—and on the butterflies\n\nIn this land, there are some bumblebees that they call _xicohtli_. They make honey and dig burrows in the ground, where they make their honey. The honey that they make is very good. They sting like bees; it hurts, and the sting gets swollen.","html":"<p>round body. These little spiders smell bad. They do not have any other good or bad traits.</p>\n<h5>Eleventh paragraph: On the bees—for there is a great variety of them—and on the butterflies</h5>\n<p>In this land, there are some bumblebees that they call <em>xicohtli</em>. They make honey and dig burrows in the ground, where they make their honey. The honey that they make is very good. They sting like bees; it hurts, and the sting gets swollen.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"229d032d-6273-4a3f-89ab-6639ece88ad4","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"vel iuhqujn tzontli ic nenemj ic tlatlacçatiuh, vecapã in ietiuh itlacton. Auh inin ioioliton atle itequjuh çan ixqujch çenyiac, cenca qujpiiac; oc cenca itlacatian, oc cēca inentla in mec, in metzõco.\n\n##### Injc matlactli oce parrapho: itechpa tlatoa pipiolti, in qujtlacatilia necutli.\n\n##### Xicotli:\nololtic, ololtontli, xococoztic, amatlapale, patlanjnj, qujqujnacanj, tlachichinanj, motapaçoltianj, motlatataqujanj, monenecutianj, temjnanj: injc temjna poçaoanj, cenca toneoanj, çã yio xopan in tlacati, motapaçoltia, motlatataquja, tlachichina, monecutia, moxicocujtlatia, temjna; poçaoa in jtlaminal.","html":"<p>vel iuhqujn tzontli ic nenemj ic tlatlacçatiuh, vecapã in ietiuh itlacton. Auh inin ioioliton atle itequjuh çan ixqujch çenyiac, cenca qujpiiac; oc cenca itlacatian, oc cēca inentla in mec, in metzõco.</p>\n<h5>Injc matlactli oce parrapho: itechpa tlatoa pipiolti, in qujtlacatilia necutli.</h5>\n<h5>Xicotli:</h5>\n<p>ololtic, ololtontli, xococoztic, amatlapale, patlanjnj, qujqujnacanj, tlachichinanj, motapaçoltianj, motlatataqujanj, monenecutianj, temjnanj: injc temjna poçaoanj, cenca toneoanj, çã yio xopan in tlacati, motapaçoltia, motlatataquja, tlachichina, monecutia, moxicocujtlatia, temjna; poçaoa in jtlaminal.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"3a659473-05e9-4e2a-ad88-8d0aeee57a84","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"just like hair. On them it travels, it goes scampering; its small body goes high up. And this little creature is harmless; only[^4] it is completely evil-smelling; it has a strong smell. Its breeding-place, its dwelling-place, is especially among magueys, in maguey roots.[^5]\n\n\n##### Eleventh paragraph, which telleth of the bees which produce honey.\n\n##### Xicotli[^1]\n\nIt is round, small and round, yellow-legged, winged. It is a flyer, a buzzer, a sucker, a maker of hives, an earth excavator, a honey producer, a stinger. When it stings one, it is a producer of swellings, a producer of much pain. Only in summer does it breed. It builds hives, excavates earth, sucks, produces honey, produces beeswax. It stings one; its sting swells up.\n\n\n\n\n[^4]: *Acad. Hist. MS* has *cenca* in place of *çan*.\n\n\n[^5]: *Ibid.: ỹ memac* is added.\n\n\n[^1]: *Xicotli: Bombus* sp. (Sahagún, *op. cit.,* p. 368).","html":"<p>just like hair. On them it travels, it goes scampering; its small body goes high up. And this little creature is harmless; only<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> it is completely evil-smelling; it has a strong smell. Its breeding-place, its dwelling-place, is especially among magueys, in maguey roots.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></p>\n<h5>Eleventh paragraph, which telleth of the bees which produce honey.</h5>\n<h5>Xicotli<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup></h5>\n<p>It is round, small and round, yellow-legged, winged. It is a flyer, a buzzer, a sucker, a maker of hives, an earth excavator, a honey producer, a stinger. When it stings one, it is a producer of swellings, a producer of much pain. Only in summer does it breed. It builds hives, excavates earth, sucks, produces honey, produces beeswax. It stings one; its sting swells up.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Acad. Hist. MS</em> has <em>cenca</em> in place of <em>çan</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Ibid.: ỹ memac</em> is added.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>Xicotli: Bombus</em> sp. (Sahagún, <em>op. cit.,</em> p. 368).<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"99r"}