No, cierto, es la menos noble joya de la recámara de la predicación evangélica el conocimiento de las cosas naturales, para poner exemplos y comparationes, como vemos el Redemptor haberlo usado. Y estos exemplos y comparationes, cuanto más familiares fueren a los oyentes, y por palabras y lenguaje más usadas entrellos dichas, tanto serán más eficaces y provechosas. A este propósito se hizo ya tesoro, en harta costa y trabaxo, este volumen, en que están escriptas en lengua mexicana las propiedades y maneras exteriores y interiores que se pudieron alcanzar de los animales, aves y peces, árboles y yerbas, flores y frutos más conocidos y usados que hay en toda esta tierra, donde hay gran copia de vocablos y mucho lenguaje muy propio y muy común, y materia muy gustosa. Será también esta obra muy oportuna para darlos a entender el valor de las criaturas, para que no las atribuyan divinidad; porque a cualquiera criatura que vían ser iminente em bien o en mal, la llamaban téutl; quiere decir "dios". De manera que al Sol le llamaban téutl por su lindeza: al mar también, por su grandeza y ferocidad. Y también a muchos de los animales los llamaban por este nombre por razón de su espantable dispositión y braveza. Donde se infiere que este nombre téutl se toma en buena y en mala parte. Y mucho más se conoce esto cuando está en compositión como en este nombre, teupiltzintli, "niño muy lindo", teupiltontli, "muchacho muy travieso o malo". Otros muchos vocablos se componen desta misma manera, de la significación de los cuales se puede conjecturar que este vocablo téutl quiere decir "cosa estremada en bien o en mal". Ansí que el presente volumen se podrá tener o estimar como un tesoro de lenguaje y vocablos desta lengua mexicana, y una recámara muy rica de las cosas que hay en esta tierra.
\nTienes, amigo lector, en el presente volumen, un bosque con gran diversidad de montañas, montes y riscos, donde hallarás árboles silvestres de todo género, y bestias fieras, y serpientes, cuanta demandares. Tienes un jardín poblado de todos árboles fructíferos y de todas maneras de yerbas, donde hay fuentes y ríos de diversas maneras. Está lleno de aves, animales y peces de todo género. Tienes una floresta muy deleitosa, llena de todo género de flores, ansí de las que se hacen en los árboles, arbustos y matas, como de las que se hacen en yerbas. En ella hay aves de dulces cantos y de ricas plumas; hay también florestas edificadas a las mil maravillas. Tienes diversidades de caminos y edificios; tienes ansí mismo campos y llanuras donde hay toda manera de mantenimientos, donde hay charcos y lagunas, donde se crían cañas, espadañas y juncos, y diversas maneras de animales acuátiles y terrestres, donde hay minas de todas maneras de metales y todas maneras de piedras preciosas, y de otras muchas cosas provechosas a la vida humana. Donde hay muchas maneras de tierras y piedras y aguas y cerros. No procede la obra por la orden arriba puesta, sino por la que se sigue. El primero capítulo trata de los animales, contiene siete párrafos; el segundo trata de las aves, contiene diez párrafos; el tercero capítulo trata de los animales del agua, como son peces y otros animales que viven en el agua, contiene cinco párrafos; el cuarto trata de los animales fieros que viven en el agua, contiene cuatro párrafos. El quinto trata de serpientes y otros [anima-]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"cedce66f-5b66-4096-aafc-aa94cd764dae","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"## Prologue\n\nKnowledge of natural things is not, indeed, the least noble jewel in the repository of evangelical preaching [used] to give examples and make comparisons, for we see the Redeemer as having used it. And the more familiar these examples and comparisons might be to the listeners—by using the words and the language most used among them—the more efficacious and advantageous they will be. For this purpose, with much expense and effort this volume has already become a treasury in which is written in the Mexican language the properties and the external and internal characteristics that could be discerned regarding the best-known and most utilized animals, birds and fish, trees and plants, flowers and fruits that exist in this entire land. In it, there is a great abundance of words, many very proper and very common expressions, and a most delightful subject matter. This work will also be very suitable for helping them understand the value of creatures, so that they do not attribute divinity to them; for whatever creature they saw as having some eminent characteristic, whether good or bad, they would call it _teotl_, which means “god.” So they would call the sun _teotl_ because of its beauty, and likewise the sea because of its vastness and ferocity. And they would also give this name to many animals because of their frightening disposition and savagery. One can infer from this that this noun _teotl_ is taken as both good and bad. And this is even more evident when it is found in a compound, such as in this noun: _teopiltzintli_, “very beautiful boy”; _teopiltontli_, “very naughty or bad boy.” Many other words are composed in the same way, and from their meaning, it can be conjectured that this word _teotl_ means “a thing that is extreme in good or in bad.” And so the present volume can be considered or valued as a treasury of the expressions and words of this Mexican language and as a very rich repository of the things that exist in this land.\n\n## To the sincere reader\n\nIn the present volume, you have, my friendly reader, a forest with a great variety of mountains, hills, and cliffs, where you will find wild trees of every kind, ferocious beasts, and as many snakes as you may wish for. You have a garden populated by every fruitful tree and by all kinds of plants, where there are springs and rivers of various types. It is filled with birds, animals, and fish of every kind. You have a very delightful forest filled with every type of flower, both ones that blossom on trees, bushes, and shrubs, as well as ones that blossom in the grass. In it, there are birds of sweet songs with valuable feathers; there are also parks built in marvelous ways. You have a variety of roads and buildings; you also have fields and prairies where there are all sorts of edible things, where there are water holes and lagoons, where reeds, cattails, and rushes grow, as well as various types of aquatic and land animals; where there are mines for all sorts of metals and all sorts of precious stones and many other things beneficial to human life. [It is] where there are many kinds of soil, stones, water, and mountains. This work does not follow the order stated above but rather the one that follows: The first chapter deals with animals and contains seven paragraphs. The second deals with birds and contains ten paragraphs. The third chapter deals with water animals, such as fish and other animals that live in the water, and it contains five paragraphs. The fourth deals with the ferocious animals that live in the water, and it contains four paragraphs. The fifth deals with snakes and","html":"Knowledge of natural things is not, indeed, the least noble jewel in the repository of evangelical preaching [used] to give examples and make comparisons, for we see the Redeemer as having used it. And the more familiar these examples and comparisons might be to the listeners—by using the words and the language most used among them—the more efficacious and advantageous they will be. For this purpose, with much expense and effort this volume has already become a treasury in which is written in the Mexican language the properties and the external and internal characteristics that could be discerned regarding the best-known and most utilized animals, birds and fish, trees and plants, flowers and fruits that exist in this entire land. In it, there is a great abundance of words, many very proper and very common expressions, and a most delightful subject matter. This work will also be very suitable for helping them understand the value of creatures, so that they do not attribute divinity to them; for whatever creature they saw as having some eminent characteristic, whether good or bad, they would call it teotl, which means “god.” So they would call the sun teotl because of its beauty, and likewise the sea because of its vastness and ferocity. And they would also give this name to many animals because of their frightening disposition and savagery. One can infer from this that this noun teotl is taken as both good and bad. And this is even more evident when it is found in a compound, such as in this noun: teopiltzintli, “very beautiful boy”; teopiltontli, “very naughty or bad boy.” Many other words are composed in the same way, and from their meaning, it can be conjectured that this word teotl means “a thing that is extreme in good or in bad.” And so the present volume can be considered or valued as a treasury of the expressions and words of this Mexican language and as a very rich repository of the things that exist in this land.
\nIn the present volume, you have, my friendly reader, a forest with a great variety of mountains, hills, and cliffs, where you will find wild trees of every kind, ferocious beasts, and as many snakes as you may wish for. You have a garden populated by every fruitful tree and by all kinds of plants, where there are springs and rivers of various types. It is filled with birds, animals, and fish of every kind. You have a very delightful forest filled with every type of flower, both ones that blossom on trees, bushes, and shrubs, as well as ones that blossom in the grass. In it, there are birds of sweet songs with valuable feathers; there are also parks built in marvelous ways. You have a variety of roads and buildings; you also have fields and prairies where there are all sorts of edible things, where there are water holes and lagoons, where reeds, cattails, and rushes grow, as well as various types of aquatic and land animals; where there are mines for all sorts of metals and all sorts of precious stones and many other things beneficial to human life. [It is] where there are many kinds of soil, stones, water, and mountains. This work does not follow the order stated above but rather the one that follows: The first chapter deals with animals and contains seven paragraphs. The second deals with birds and contains ten paragraphs. The third chapter deals with water animals, such as fish and other animals that live in the water, and it contains five paragraphs. The fourth deals with the ferocious animals that live in the water, and it contains four paragraphs. The fifth deals with snakes and
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}},{"id":"43b0f372-f3a3-4670-9738-1a5295ccd3c0","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"## Prologue\n\nIn order to give examples and make comparisons, in the preaching of the gospel, a knowledge of the things of nature is certainly not the least noble jewel in the coffer. We see the Redeemer as having used it. And the more familiar these examples and comparisons are to the hearers, the most used are the words and the language, the more effective and beneficial they will be. To this end, with much labor and work, this volume, a compendium, was made. In it, recorded in the Mexican language, are the better known and most utilized animals, birds, fish, trees, herbs, flowers, and fruits which exist in all this land -their characteristic properties and traits, exterior and interior. In it there is a great abundance of words and many current expressions, very correct and very common, very pleasing material. This work will also be timely to inform the natives of the meaning of created things, that they not attribute divinity to them, because whatsoever creature they see as being eminent in good or in evil they called _teotl_, which means god. So, they called the sun _teotl_ because of its beauty; likewise the ocean because of its grandeur, its fury; and also they called many of the animals by this name because of their frightening aspect and ferocity. From this it is inferred that this name, _teotl_, is taken as good and as evil. And this is much better recognized when [the term] is in a compound: as in this name _teopiltzintli_, a very handsome child; _teopiltontli_, a very mischievous or bad boy. Many other words are compounded in this same manner, from the meaning of which it can be conjectured that this word _teotl_ means a thing consummate in good or in evil. And so the present volume can be held or esteemed as a compendium of the idioms and words of this Mexican language and a very rich storehouse of the things which are in this land.\n\n## To the sincere reader\n\nFriend reader, thou hast in the present volume a forest with a great diversity of mountains, woodlands and cliffs, where thou wilt find all kinds of native trees, wild beasts, and serpents, as many as thou mayest wish for. Thou hast a garden stocked with fruit-bearing trees, with all kinds of herbs, where there are all manner of springs and rivers. It is full of birds, animals, and fish of all kinds. Thou hast a luxuriant woodland filled with all varieties of flowers, those that blossom on the trees, shrubs, and bushes as well as those that blossom on the herbs. In it are birds of pleasing song and rich plumage. There are also exquisite, well-kept parks. Thou hast a diversity of roads and buildings. Likewise, thou hast fields and plains where there are all kinds of food. It is where there are pools and lagoons, where canes, reeds, and rushes grow, and diverse kinds of little animals live, aquatic and terrestrial. It is where\nthere are mines for all kinds of metals and all kinds of precious stones and many other things beneficial to mankind. It is where there are many kinds of lands, rocks, waters, and mountains.\n\nThe work follows not the order placed above, but rather the following order: \n\nThe first chapter deals with the animals; it contains seven paragraphs. The second deals with the birds; it contains ten paragraphs. The third chapter deals with the aquatic animals, like the fish and other animals that live in the water; it contains five paragraphs. The fourth deals with the wild animals that live in the water; it contains four paragraphs. The fifth deals with serpents and other","html":"In order to give examples and make comparisons, in the preaching of the gospel, a knowledge of the things of nature is certainly not the least noble jewel in the coffer. We see the Redeemer as having used it. And the more familiar these examples and comparisons are to the hearers, the most used are the words and the language, the more effective and beneficial they will be. To this end, with much labor and work, this volume, a compendium, was made. In it, recorded in the Mexican language, are the better known and most utilized animals, birds, fish, trees, herbs, flowers, and fruits which exist in all this land -their characteristic properties and traits, exterior and interior. In it there is a great abundance of words and many current expressions, very correct and very common, very pleasing material. This work will also be timely to inform the natives of the meaning of created things, that they not attribute divinity to them, because whatsoever creature they see as being eminent in good or in evil they called teotl, which means god. So, they called the sun teotl because of its beauty; likewise the ocean because of its grandeur, its fury; and also they called many of the animals by this name because of their frightening aspect and ferocity. From this it is inferred that this name, teotl, is taken as good and as evil. And this is much better recognized when [the term] is in a compound: as in this name teopiltzintli, a very handsome child; teopiltontli, a very mischievous or bad boy. Many other words are compounded in this same manner, from the meaning of which it can be conjectured that this word teotl means a thing consummate in good or in evil. And so the present volume can be held or esteemed as a compendium of the idioms and words of this Mexican language and a very rich storehouse of the things which are in this land.
\nFriend reader, thou hast in the present volume a forest with a great diversity of mountains, woodlands and cliffs, where thou wilt find all kinds of native trees, wild beasts, and serpents, as many as thou mayest wish for. Thou hast a garden stocked with fruit-bearing trees, with all kinds of herbs, where there are all manner of springs and rivers. It is full of birds, animals, and fish of all kinds. Thou hast a luxuriant woodland filled with all varieties of flowers, those that blossom on the trees, shrubs, and bushes as well as those that blossom on the herbs. In it are birds of pleasing song and rich plumage. There are also exquisite, well-kept parks. Thou hast a diversity of roads and buildings. Likewise, thou hast fields and plains where there are all kinds of food. It is where there are pools and lagoons, where canes, reeds, and rushes grow, and diverse kinds of little animals live, aquatic and terrestrial. It is where\nthere are mines for all kinds of metals and all kinds of precious stones and many other things beneficial to mankind. It is where there are many kinds of lands, rocks, waters, and mountains.
\nThe work follows not the order placed above, but rather the following order:
\nThe first chapter deals with the animals; it contains seven paragraphs. The second deals with the birds; it contains ten paragraphs. The third chapter deals with the aquatic animals, like the fish and other animals that live in the water; it contains five paragraphs. The fourth deals with the wild animals that live in the water; it contains four paragraphs. The fifth deals with serpents and other
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"3ea7e044-01bd-40f1-a039-ab85efeb08b8","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"## Prologo \n\nNo cierto es, la menos noble joia: de la recamara, de la predicacion euangelica: el conocimjento, de las cosas naturales: para poner exemplos, i comparationes. Como vemos, el redemptor, auerlo vsado: i estos exemplos, i comparationes: quanta mas famjliares fuerẽ, a los oientes i por palabras, i lenguage mas vsadas, entrellos, dichas: tanto serã mas efficazes: i prouechosas. A este proposito se hizo, ia tesoro: en harta costa, i trabaxo: este volumen en que estã escriptas en lengua mexicana: las propiedades i maneras exteriores, i interiores que se pudieron alcançar: de los anjmales, aues, i peces: arboles, i ieruas, flores, i frutos mas conocidos: i vsados, que ai en toda esta tierra: donde ai, gran copia de vocablos: i mucho lenguage: muy propio, i mui comũ: i materia mui gustosa. Sera tambien esta obra mui oportuna, para darlos a entender, el ualor de las criaturas: para que no las atribuiã, diujnjdad: porque a qualqujera criatura, que vian ser imjnente: embiẽ o en mal, la llamauan Teutl qujere dezir dios: de manera que al sol, le llamauan teutl: por su lindeza: al mar, tãbiẽ por su grandeza, i ferocidad: i tambien a muchos de los anjmales los llamauã por este nombre: por razõ de su espantable disposition, i braueza. Donde se infiere, que este nombre teutl, se toma, en buena, i en mala parte. I mucho mas se conoce esto, quãdo esta en compositiõ: como en este nombre, teûpiltzintli, njño muj lindo: teuhpiltontli, muchacho muj traujeso, o malo. Otros muchos vocablos, se cõponen desta mjsma manera: de la signjficacion de los quales, se puede conjecturar: que este vocablo, teutl, quiere dezir: cosa estremada en biẽ o en mal. Ansi que, el presente volumẽ, se podra tener, o estimar como vn tesoro, de lenguage i vocablos desta lengua mexicana: i vna recamara, muy rica de las cosas que ai en esta tierra. \n\n## Al sincero lector. \n\nTienes, amjgo lector, en el presente volumen: vn bosque con grã diuersidad de mõtañas, mõtes, i riscos: donde hallaras, arboles siluestres, de todo genero: i bestias fieras, i serpientes quantas demandares: tienes vn jardin poblado, de todos arboles fructiferos: i de todas maneras de ieruas: donde ai fuentes, i rios de diuersas maneras. Esta lleno de aues, anjmales, i peces de todo genero: tienes vna floresta, muj deleitosa, llena de todo genero de flores: ansi de las que se hazẽ en los arboles, arbustos, i matas: como de las que se hazen en ieruas: en ella ai aues, de dulces cantos: i de ricas plumas: ai tambien florestas edificadas, a las mjl maraujllas: tienes diuersidades de camjnos i edificios: tienes ansi mjsmo campos, i llanuras, donde ai toda manera de mantenjmjentos: donde ai charcos, i lagunas: donde se crian cañas, espadañas i juncos: i diuersas maneras de anjmalejos, aquatiles i terrestres. Donde ai mjnas, de todas maneras de metales: i todas maneras de piedras preciosas: i de otras muchas cosas prouechosas, a la vida humana. Donde ai, muchas maneras de tierras, i piedras, i aguas, i cerros. \n\nNo precede, la obra por la orden arriba puesta: sino por la que se sigue. \n\nEl primero capitulo, trata de los anjmales[:] contiene siete parraphos. El segundo, trata de las aues: contiene diez parraphos. El tercero capitulo trata de los animales del agua: como son peces, i otros anjmales, que viuẽ en el agua: contiene cinco parraphos. El quarto, trata de los anjmales fieros: que viuen en el agua: contiene quatro parraphos. El qujnto, trata de serpeintes i otros","html":"No cierto es, la menos noble joia: de la recamara, de la predicacion euangelica: el conocimjento, de las cosas naturales: para poner exemplos, i comparationes. Como vemos, el redemptor, auerlo vsado: i estos exemplos, i comparationes: quanta mas famjliares fuerẽ, a los oientes i por palabras, i lenguage mas vsadas, entrellos, dichas: tanto serã mas efficazes: i prouechosas. A este proposito se hizo, ia tesoro: en harta costa, i trabaxo: este volumen en que estã escriptas en lengua mexicana: las propiedades i maneras exteriores, i interiores que se pudieron alcançar: de los anjmales, aues, i peces: arboles, i ieruas, flores, i frutos mas conocidos: i vsados, que ai en toda esta tierra: donde ai, gran copia de vocablos: i mucho lenguage: muy propio, i mui comũ: i materia mui gustosa. Sera tambien esta obra mui oportuna, para darlos a entender, el ualor de las criaturas: para que no las atribuiã, diujnjdad: porque a qualqujera criatura, que vian ser imjnente: embiẽ o en mal, la llamauan Teutl qujere dezir dios: de manera que al sol, le llamauan teutl: por su lindeza: al mar, tãbiẽ por su grandeza, i ferocidad: i tambien a muchos de los anjmales los llamauã por este nombre: por razõ de su espantable disposition, i braueza. Donde se infiere, que este nombre teutl, se toma, en buena, i en mala parte. I mucho mas se conoce esto, quãdo esta en compositiõ: como en este nombre, teûpiltzintli, njño muj lindo: teuhpiltontli, muchacho muj traujeso, o malo. Otros muchos vocablos, se cõponen desta mjsma manera: de la signjficacion de los quales, se puede conjecturar: que este vocablo, teutl, quiere dezir: cosa estremada en biẽ o en mal. Ansi que, el presente volumẽ, se podra tener, o estimar como vn tesoro, de lenguage i vocablos desta lengua mexicana: i vna recamara, muy rica de las cosas que ai en esta tierra.
\nTienes, amjgo lector, en el presente volumen: vn bosque con grã diuersidad de mõtañas, mõtes, i riscos: donde hallaras, arboles siluestres, de todo genero: i bestias fieras, i serpientes quantas demandares: tienes vn jardin poblado, de todos arboles fructiferos: i de todas maneras de ieruas: donde ai fuentes, i rios de diuersas maneras. Esta lleno de aues, anjmales, i peces de todo genero: tienes vna floresta, muj deleitosa, llena de todo genero de flores: ansi de las que se hazẽ en los arboles, arbustos, i matas: como de las que se hazen en ieruas: en ella ai aues, de dulces cantos: i de ricas plumas: ai tambien florestas edificadas, a las mjl maraujllas: tienes diuersidades de camjnos i edificios: tienes ansi mjsmo campos, i llanuras, donde ai toda manera de mantenjmjentos: donde ai charcos, i lagunas: donde se crian cañas, espadañas i juncos: i diuersas maneras de anjmalejos, aquatiles i terrestres. Donde ai mjnas, de todas maneras de metales: i todas maneras de piedras preciosas: i de otras muchas cosas prouechosas, a la vida humana. Donde ai, muchas maneras de tierras, i piedras, i aguas, i cerros.
\nNo precede, la obra por la orden arriba puesta: sino por la que se sigue.
\nEl primero capitulo, trata de los anjmales[:] contiene siete parraphos. El segundo, trata de las aues: contiene diez parraphos. El tercero capitulo trata de los animales del agua: como son peces, i otros anjmales, que viuẽ en el agua: contiene cinco parraphos. El quarto, trata de los anjmales fieros: que viuen en el agua: contiene quatro parraphos. El qujnto, trata de serpeintes i otros
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"iv"}