pensaron que eran dioses negros. Todos ellos comieron el pan blanco que llevaban sin sangre, y los huevos y aves, y la fruta que los presentaron, y recibieron también comida para los caballos.
\nEnvió Motecuzoma a aquellos adivinos, agureros y nigrománticos, para que mirasen si podrían a hacer contra ellos algún encantamiento o hechicería para con que enfermasen o muriesen o se volviesen. Y éstos hicieron todas sus diligencias como Motecuzoma les había mandado contra los españoles; pero ninguna cosa les aprovechó ni tuvo efecto, y ansí se volvieron a dar las nuevas a Motecuzoma de lo que había pasado, y dixéronle que aquella gente que habían visto era muy fuerte, y que ellos no eran nadie para contra ellos.
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"d27f5fd7-12ca-42e3-a235-784e240234d6","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Lockhart 1993"],"es":["Español por Lockhart 1993"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Lockhart 1993)","markdown":"pensaron que eran dioses negros. \n\nTodos ellos comieron el pan blanco que lleuauan sin sangre, y los veuos y aves, y la fruta que los presentaron: y recibieron, tanbien comida para los cavallos. \n\nEmbio Motecuçoma a aquellos adiuinos, agureros, y nigromanticos para que mirasen si podrian a[^45] hazer contra ellos algun encantamiento o hechizeria para con que enfermasen o muriesen o se boluiesen: y estos hizierō todas sus diligencias como Motecuçoma les auia mandado contra los españoles pero ninguna cosa les aprouecho ni tuvo effecto: y ansi se boluieron a dar las nueuas a Motecuçoma de lo que auia pasado dixerōle que aquella gente que auian visto era muy fuerte y que ellos no erā nadie para contra ellos. \n\n[^45]: A. Incorrect and superfluous by the normal rules of Spanish grammar.","html":"pensaron que eran dioses negros.
\nTodos ellos comieron el pan blanco que lleuauan sin sangre, y los veuos y aves, y la fruta que los presentaron: y recibieron, tanbien comida para los cavallos.
\nEmbio Motecuçoma a aquellos adiuinos, agureros, y nigromanticos para que mirasen si podrian a1 hazer contra ellos algun encantamiento o hechizeria para con que enfermasen o muriesen o se boluiesen: y estos hizierō todas sus diligencias como Motecuçoma les auia mandado contra los españoles pero ninguna cosa les aprouecho ni tuvo effecto: y ansi se boluieron a dar las nueuas a Motecuçoma de lo que auia pasado dixerōle que aquella gente que auian visto era muy fuerte y que ellos no erā nadie para contra ellos.
\nA. Incorrect and superfluous by the normal rules of Spanish grammar.↩
were black gods.
\nThey all ate the white bread, without blood, that they brought, and the eggs and fowl, and the fruit that they presented to them, and they also received food for the horses.
\nMoteucçoma sent those diviners, soothsayers, and necromancers to see if they could make1 some enchantment or bewitchment against them so that they would sicken or die or go back. They used all their procedures against the Spaniards, as Moteucçoma had ordered them, but nothing did them any good or had any effect, so they returned to tell Moteucçoma the news of what had happened. They told him that those people whom they had seen were very strong, and that they were nothing against them.
\nA. Incorrect and superfluous by the normal rules of Spanish grammar.↩
and the blacks were called soiled gods.
\nAfter that they ate white tortillas, grains of maize, turkey eggs, turkeys, and all the fruits: custard apple, mammee, yellow sapote,1 black sapote, sweet potato, manioc, white sweet potato, yellow sweet potato, colored sweet potato, jícama, plum, jobo, guava, cuajilote, avocado, acacia [bean], tejocote, American cherry, tuna cactus fruit, mulberry, white cactus fruit, yellow cactus fruit, whitish-red cactus fruit, pitahaya, water pitahaya. And the food for the deer was pipillo and tlachicaztli.
\nThey say that Moteucçoma sent the witches, the rainmakers, to see what [the Spaniards] were like and perhaps be able to enchant them, cast spells on them, to use conjury or the evil eye on them or hurl something else at them, perhaps addressing some words of wizardry to them so that they would take sick, die, or turn back. But when they performed the assignment they had been given concerning the Spaniards,
\nATZTZAPUTL. For the names of the foods I rely chiefly on Sahagún 1950–1982: 13.22, n. 7.↩
del cielo”. Y se refirieron a los negros como “sucios divinos”. Después ellos comieron aquellas tortillas blancas, el maíz desgranado, los huevos de totola, los totoles y todas las frutas: el cuauhtzaputl [zapote de árbol], el mamey, el zapote amarillo, el zapote de excremento de totoles [zapote negro]. Los camotes: el cuauhcamotli, el camote manchado, el camote rojo, el camote colorado. Las jícamas, la fruta del venado, la fruta del río, las guayabas. Los jilotes de árbol, los aguacates, los huajes. Los tejocotes, los capulines, las tunas, las moras, las tunas blancas, las tunas amarillas, las tunas claras, las tunas de zapote, las tunas de agua. Y la comida de venados: el pipillo, el tlachicaztli.1
\nY dizque Moctezuma envió a los nahuales, a los adivinos, para que vieran cómo eran [los españoles], quizás podrían hacerles lo propio de los hombres-búho, hechizarlos; quizás podrían soplarles [un maleficio], embrujarlos; quizás algo les arrojarían, quizás con algunas palabras de hombre-búho les echarían un embrujo, para que quizás se enfermaran, se murieran, o quizás con ello se regresaran. Y ellos pusieron en obra su oficio, su mandato, con respecto a los españoles,
\nNombre de algunas hierbas que no han sido plenamente identificadas.↩
vitze: auh in tliltique teucacatzacti mitoque,
\nquin iehoatl quiquaque iztac tlaxcalli, tlatzincuitl, totoltetl, totoli, auh in ie ixquich xochiqualli, quauhtzaputl, teçontzaputl, atztzaputl,1 totolcuitlatzaputl, camutli, quauhcamutli, poxcauhcamutli xochicamutli, tlapalcamutli, xicama, maçaxocotl, atoiaxocotl, xalxocotl, in quauhxilotl, aoacatl, oaxi, texocotl, in capoli, in nochtli, in amacapuli, iztac nochtli, coznochtli, tlatocnochtli, tzaponochtli, anochtli: auh in maçatlaqualli, pipillo, tlachicaztli:
\nAuh quil inic quimioa Motecuçoma in nanaoalti, in tlaciuhque, inic quimittazque in quenamique in aço vel quintlacateculovizque, quintlachivizque, in aço vel quimipitzazque quinxoxazque in aço oc itla ic quinmotlazque, in aço itla tlacateculotlatolli, ic quintlanonochilizque, inic aço cocolizcuizque, mimiquizque, in anoce ic ilotizque. Auh in iehoantin in quichiuhque in intequiuh, in innaoatil in intechpa españo[les,]
\nATZTZAPUTL. For the names of the foods I rely chiefly on Sahagún 1950–1982: 13.22, which has references and some specific botanical names. The terms left in Nahuatl are not understood. The intention of “atztzaputl” is probably “atzatzaputl.” See Sahagún 1950–1982: 13.22, n. 7.↩
vitze: auh in tliltique teucacatzacti mjtoque,
\nqujn iehoatl qujquaque iztac tlaxcalli, tlatzincujtl, totoltetl, totoli, auh in ie ixqujch xochiqualli, quauhtzaputl, teçontzaputl, atztzaputl, totolcujtlatzaputl, camutli, quauhcamutli, poxcauhcamutli xochicamutli, tlapalcamutli, xicama, maçaxocotl, atoiaxocotl, xalxocotl, in quauhxilotl, aoacatl, oaxi, texocotl, in capoli, in nochtli, in amacapuli, iztac nochtli, coznochtli, tlatocnochtli, tzaponochtli, anochtli: auh in maçatlaqualli, pipillo, tlachicaztli:
\nAuh qujl injc qujmjoa Motecuçoma in nanaoalti, in tlaciuhque, injc qujmjttazque in quenamjque in aço vel qujntlacateculovizque, qujntlachivizque, in aço vel qujmjpitzazque qujnxoxazque in aço oc itla ic qujnmotlazque, in aço itla tlacateculotlatolli, ic\nqujntlanonochilizque, injc aço cocolizcujzque, mjmjqujzque, in anoce ic ilotizque.
\nAuh in iehoantin in qujchiuhque in intequjuh, in innaoatil in intechpa españo[les,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"d4fb9552-dab5-4e8e-8df1-b52135763fd8","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"from heaven.” And the black ones were said to be dirty gods.[^4] \n\nLater they ate white tortillas, maize kernels, eggs, turkey hens, and all manner of fruit—custard apple[^5] mamey,[^6] yellow sapota,[^7] black sapota,[^8] sweet potato,[^9] manioc,[^10] white sweet potato,[^11] yellow sweet potato;[^12] colored sweet potato, *jícama*,[^13] plum,[^14] *jobo*,[^15] guava,[^16] *cuajilote*[^17] avocado,[^18] acacia [bean],[^19] *tejocote*,[^20] American cherry,[^21] tuna cactus fruit,[^22] mulberry,[^23] white cactus fruit,[^24] yellow cactus fruit,[^25] whitish-red cactus fruit,[^26] *pitahaya*,[^27] water *pitahaya*.[^28] And the deer food was *pipillo*[^29] [and] *tlachicaztli*. \n\nAnd it is said that for this reason did Moctezuma send the magicians, the soothsayers: that they might see of what sort [the Spaniards] were; that they might perhaps use their wizardry upon them, cast a spell over them; that they might perhaps blow upon them, enchant them; that they might cast stones at them; that they might with some words of wizardry utter an incantation over them, so that they might take sick, might die, or else because of it turn back. \n\nBut these, when they performed their charge, their duty against the \n\n\n\n\n[^4]: In Seler, *Enige Kapitel*, p. 471, this passage is translated “*die Schwarzen nannte man ‘wirklich Schmutzige*’ “; Garibay, in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 94: “*los negros, fueron dichos: ‘divinos sucios.’* ”\n\n\n[^5]: *Quauhtzapotl*: anona (*Annona cherimolia* Mill.) in Francisco Hernández, *Historia de las plantas de Nueva España* (Mexico, D.F.: Imprenta Universitaria, 1942–46), Vol. I, p. 274. Cf. also Robert L. Dressler, “The Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants of Mexico,” *Botanical Museum Leaflets*, Harvard University, Vol. 16, No. 6 (1953), p. 123. \n\n\n[^6]: *Teçontzapotl: mamey* (*Lucuma mammosa* Gart.) in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 358. In Bernardino de Sahagún, *Histoire générale des choses de la Nouvelle-Espagne*, trans. D. Jourdanet and Rémi Siméon (Paris: G. Masson, 1880), p. 733, n. 2, this explanation appears: “*Les premiers Espagnoles d’Amérique confondirent* [with various sapotas] *le fruit beaucoup plus gros du* tetzontzapotl *ou* lucuma mammosa, *de la famille des* zapote, *qu’ils appellent aujourd’hui* mamey. *C’est probablement le même fruit que les Aztèques connaissaient sous le nom de* tecotzapotl.” *Calocarpum mammosum* (L.) Pierre in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 125. Cf. also Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 358. \n\n\n[^7]: *Atztzapotl*: probably the same as *atzapotl*. In Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. I, pp. 267–68, this is *Lucuma salicifolia* Kunth. The *atzatzapotl* (yellow sapota) is now generally known as *zapote borracho* (personal communication, Rafael García Granados). Cf. also Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 323. \n\n\n[^8]: *Totolcuitlatzapotl*: *zapote negro* (*Diospyros ebenaster* Rotz—Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 360).\n\n\n[^9]: *Camotli*: sweet potato, *batata* (*Ipomoea batatas* Poir, in Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. II, p. 521; *Convolvulus batata* Lam. in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 326).\n\n\n[^10]: *Quauhcamotli*: *Manihot esculenta* Crantz in Paul C. Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” *Contributions from the United States National Herbarium*, Vol. 23, Pt. 3 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920), p. 643. Cf. also Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. II, p. 524.\n\n\n[^11]: *Poxcauhcamotli*: probably sweet potato of white or red skin and interior (Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. II, p. 521).\n\n\n[^12]: *Xochicamotli*: reddish or yellow sweet potato (*ibid*.).\n\n\n[^13]: *Xicama*: *Pachyrrhizus erosus* (L.) Urban in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 140. *Pachyrhizus angulatus*. Azteq. “jícama” (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 368).\n\n\n[^14]: *Maçaxocotl*: plum—*Spondias mombis* sp. (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 341).\n\n\n[^15]: *Atoyaxocotl*: *Spondias purpurea* L. in Francisco J. Santamaría, *Diccionario de mejicanismos* (Mexico, D.F.: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1959), p. 96; *atoyajocote, jobo*. See also Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 3, p. 656 *sqq*. \n\n\n[^16]: *Xalxocotl*: *Psidium pomiferum* L. (*mirtáceas*) in Sahagún, Robredo ed., Vol. III, p. 335; *Psidium guajava* L. in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 145. \n\n \n[^17]: *Quauhxilotl*: *Parmentiera edulis* DC. in Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. II, p. 451. \n\n\n[^18]: *Auacatl*: *Persea americana* Mill. Gard. (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 290). \n\n\n[^19]: *Uaxin*: *Leucaena esculenta* Moc. & Ses. (*ibid*., Pt. 2, p. 368). \n\n\n[^20]: *Texocotl*: *Crataegus mexicana* Moc. & Ses. in Santamaría, *Diccionario de mejicanismos*, p. 1022.\n\n\n[^21]: *Capuli*: *Prunus capuli* (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 340). \n\n\n[^22]: *Nochtli*: fruit of *Opuntia* sp. (Sahagún, Robredo ed., Vol. III, p. 335).\n\n\n[^23]: *Amacapuli*: *Morus celtidifolia* (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 340). \n\n\n[^24]: *Iztac nochtli*: white cactus fruit (*Opuntia* sp.) in Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. III, pp. 934, 936. Cf. also Rafael Martín del Campo, “Las cactáceas entre los mexica,” *Cactáceas y suculentas mexicanas*, Vol. II, No. 2 (Mexico, D.F., 1957), p. 28. \n\n\n[^25]: *Coznochtli*: *Opuntia* sp. of yellow fruit in Hernández, *Historia de las plantas*, Vol. III, pp. 934, 936.\n\n\n[^26]: *Tlatocnochtli*: “*tuna blanca tirando a bermejo*”; *Opuntia* sp. in *ibid*. \n\n\n[^27]: *Tzaponochtli* (*zaponoscle, pitahaya*—Santamaría, *Diccionario de mejicanismos*, p. 1146); *Opuntia ficus-indica* in Martín del Campo, “Las cactáceas entre los mexica,” p. 30.\n\n\n[^28]: *Anochtli*: possibly *tuna de agua, pitahaya del agua* (*Pereskiopis aquosa* Britt & Rose); cf. Santamaría, *Diccionario de mejicanismos*, p. 1094. \n\n\n[^29]: *Pipillo*: possibly *Asclepias scandens* PB.; cf. *ibid*., p. 858.","html":"from heaven.” And the black ones were said to be dirty gods.1
\nLater they ate white tortillas, maize kernels, eggs, turkey hens, and all manner of fruit—custard apple2 mamey,3 yellow sapota,4 black sapota,5 sweet potato,6 manioc,7 white sweet potato,8 yellow sweet potato;9 colored sweet potato, jícama,10 plum,11 jobo,12 guava,13 cuajilote14 avocado,15 acacia [bean],16 tejocote,17 American cherry,18 tuna cactus fruit,19 mulberry,20 white cactus fruit,21 yellow cactus fruit,22 whitish-red cactus fruit,23 pitahaya,24 water pitahaya.25 And the deer food was pipillo26 [and] tlachicaztli.
\nAnd it is said that for this reason did Moctezuma send the magicians, the soothsayers: that they might see of what sort [the Spaniards] were; that they might perhaps use their wizardry upon them, cast a spell over them; that they might perhaps blow upon them, enchant them; that they might cast stones at them; that they might with some words of wizardry utter an incantation over them, so that they might take sick, might die, or else because of it turn back.
\nBut these, when they performed their charge, their duty against the
\n In Seler, Enige Kapitel, p. 471, this passage is translated “die Schwarzen nannte man ‘wirklich Schmutzige’ “; Garibay, in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 94: “los negros, fueron dichos: ‘divinos sucios.’ ”↩
Quauhtzapotl: anona (Annona cherimolia Mill.) in Francisco Hernández, Historia de las plantas de Nueva España (Mexico, D.F.: Imprenta Universitaria, 1942–46), Vol. I, p. 274. Cf. also Robert L. Dressler, “The Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants of Mexico,” Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, Vol. 16, No. 6 (1953), p. 123.↩
Teçontzapotl: mamey (Lucuma mammosa Gart.) in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 358. In Bernardino de Sahagún, Histoire générale des choses de la Nouvelle-Espagne, trans. D. Jourdanet and Rémi Siméon (Paris: G. Masson, 1880), p. 733, n. 2, this explanation appears: “Les premiers Espagnoles d’Amérique confondirent [with various sapotas] le fruit beaucoup plus gros du tetzontzapotl ou lucuma mammosa, de la famille des zapote, qu’ils appellent aujourd’hui mamey. C’est probablement le même fruit que les Aztèques connaissaient sous le nom de tecotzapotl.” Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 125. Cf. also Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 358.↩
Atztzapotl: probably the same as atzapotl. In Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. I, pp. 267–68, this is Lucuma salicifolia Kunth. The atzatzapotl (yellow sapota) is now generally known as zapote borracho (personal communication, Rafael García Granados). Cf. also Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 323.↩
Totolcuitlatzapotl: zapote negro (Diospyros ebenaster Rotz—Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 360).↩
Camotli: sweet potato, batata (Ipomoea batatas Poir, in Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. II, p. 521; Convolvulus batata Lam. in Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 326).↩
Quauhcamotli: Manihot esculenta Crantz in Paul C. Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Vol. 23, Pt. 3 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920), p. 643. Cf. also Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. II, p. 524.↩
Poxcauhcamotli: probably sweet potato of white or red skin and interior (Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. II, p. 521).↩
Xochicamotli: reddish or yellow sweet potato (ibid.).↩
Xicama: Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urban in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 140. Pachyrhizus angulatus. Azteq. “jícama” (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 368).↩
Maçaxocotl: plum—Spondias mombis sp. (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 341).↩
Atoyaxocotl: Spondias purpurea L. in Francisco J. Santamaría, Diccionario de mejicanismos (Mexico, D.F.: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1959), p. 96; atoyajocote, jobo. See also Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 3, p. 656 sqq.↩
Xalxocotl: Psidium pomiferum L. (mirtáceas) in Sahagún, Robredo ed., Vol. III, p. 335; Psidium guajava L. in Dressler, “Pre-Columbian Cultivated Plants,” p. 145.↩
Quauhxilotl: Parmentiera edulis DC. in Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. II, p. 451.↩
Auacatl: Persea americana Mill. Gard. (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 290).↩
Uaxin: Leucaena esculenta Moc. & Ses. (ibid., Pt. 2, p. 368).↩
Texocotl: Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Ses. in Santamaría, Diccionario de mejicanismos, p. 1022.↩
Capuli: Prunus capuli (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 340).↩
Nochtli: fruit of Opuntia sp. (Sahagún, Robredo ed., Vol. III, p. 335).↩
Amacapuli: Morus celtidifolia (Standley, “Trees and Shrubs of Mexico,” Pt. 2, p. 340).↩
Iztac nochtli: white cactus fruit (Opuntia sp.) in Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. III, pp. 934, 936. Cf. also Rafael Martín del Campo, “Las cactáceas entre los mexica,” Cactáceas y suculentas mexicanas, Vol. II, No. 2 (Mexico, D.F., 1957), p. 28.↩
Coznochtli: Opuntia sp. of yellow fruit in Hernández, Historia de las plantas, Vol. III, pp. 934, 936.↩
Tlatocnochtli: “tuna blanca tirando a bermejo”; Opuntia sp. in ibid.↩
Tzaponochtli (zaponoscle, pitahaya—Santamaría, Diccionario de mejicanismos, p. 1146); Opuntia ficus-indica in Martín del Campo, “Las cactáceas entre los mexica,” p. 30.↩
Anochtli: possibly tuna de agua, pitahaya del agua (Pereskiopis aquosa Britt & Rose); cf. Santamaría, Diccionario de mejicanismos, p. 1094.↩
Pipillo: possibly Asclepias scandens PB.; cf. ibid., p. 858.↩