fueron los de Tepepulco; el segundo, los del Tlatilulco; el tercero, los de México, y en todos estos escrutinios hubo gramáticos colegiales. El principal y más sabio fue Antonio Valeriano, vecino de Azcaputzalco; otro, poco menos que éste, fue Alonso Vegerano, vecino de Cuauhtitlan; otro fue Martín Jacobita, de que arriba hice mención. Otro, Pedro de San Buenaventura, vecino de Cuauhtitlan; todos espertos en tres lenguas: latina, española y indiana. Los escribanos que sacaron de buena letra todas las obras son Diego de Grado, vecino del Tlatilulco, del barrio de la Conceptión; Bonifacio Maximiliano, vecino del Tlatilulco, del barrio de Sanct Martín; Mateo Severino, vecino de Xuchimilco, de la parte de Ullac. Desque estas escrituras estuvieron sacadas en blanco, con el favor de los padres arriba nombrados, en que se gastaron hartos tomines con los escribientes, el autor dellas demandó al padre comisario, fray Francisco de Ribera, que se viesen de tres o cuatro religiosos, para que aquellos dixesen lo que les parecía dellas, en el capítulo provincial que estaba propincuo. Los cuales los vieron y dieron relación dellas al difinitorio en el mismo capítulo, diciendo lo que los parecía; y dixeron en el difinitorio que eran escrituras de mucha estima, y que debían ser favorecidas para que se acabasen. Algunos de los difinidores les pareció que era contra la pobreza gastar dineros en escribiese [sic] aquellas escrituras, y ansí mandaron al autor que despidiese a los escribanos y que él solo escribiese de su mano lo que quisiese en ellas; el cual, como era mayor de setenta años y por temblor de la mano no puede escrebir nada, ni se pudo alcanzar dispensación deste mandamiento, estuvieron las escrituras sin hacer nada en ellas más de cinco años. En este tiempo, en el capítulo siguiente, fue elegido por custos custodum para el capítulo general el padre fray Miguel Navarro, y por provincial fray Alonso de Escaluna. En este tiempo el autor hizo un sumario de todos los libros y de todos los capítulos de cada libro, y los prólogos, donde en brevedad se decía todo lo que se contenía en los libros. Este sumario llevó a España el padre fray Miguel Navarro y su compañero el padre fray Jerónimo de Mendieta. Y ansí se supo en España lo que estaba escrito cerca de las cosas desta tierra. En este medio tiempo el padre provincial tomó todos los libros al dicho autor y se esparcieron por toda la Provincia, donde fueron vistos de muchos religiosos y aprobados por muy preciosos y provechosos. Después de algunos años, volviendo de capítulo general el padre fray Miguel Navarro, el cual vino por comisario destas partes, en censuras tornó a recoger los dichos libros a petición del autor, y desque estuvieron recogidos, dahí a un año poco más o menos, vinieron a poder del autor. En este tiempo ninguna cosa se hizo en ellos, ni hubo quien favoreciese para acabarse de traducir en romance, hasta que el padre comisario general fray Rodrigo de Sequera vino a estas partes y los vio, y se contentó mucho dellos, y mandó al dicho autor que los traduxese en romance, y proveyó de todo lo necesario para que se escribiesen de nuevo, la lengua mexicana en una coluna y el romance en la otra, para los enviar a España, porque los procuró el ilustrísimo señor don Juan de Ovando, presidente del Consejo de Indias, porque tenía noticia destos libros por razón del sumario que el dicho padre fray Miguel Navarro había llevado a España, como arriba se dixo. Todo lo sobredicho hace al propósito de que se entienda que esta obra ha sido examinada y apurada por muchos, y en muchos años, y se han pasado muchos trabajos y desgracias hasta ponerla en el estado que agora está.
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"849657de-8c2c-447d-a07e-d6b6c518d774","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"was that of Tepepolco; the second, that of Tlatelolco; the third, that of Mexico. And there were college grammarians during all of these examinations. The principal and wisest one was Antonio Valeriano, a resident of Azcapotzalco; another, a bit less [wise] than [Valeriano], was Alonso Vegerano, resident of Cuauhtitlan; another was Martín Jacobita, whom I mentioned above; another was Pedro de San Buenaventura, a resident of Cuauhtitlan—all of them experts in three languages: Latin, Spanish, and the Indian one. The scribes who copied all of the works in clear handwriting are Diego de Grado, a resident of Tlatelolco, from the barrio of La Conceptión; Bonifacio Maximiliano, a resident of Tlatelolco, from the barrio of San Martín; and Mateo Severino, a resident of Xochimilco, from the zone of Ullac. \n\nOnce these writings were copied anew—with the support of the abovementioned fathers, through which a lot of money was spent on the scribes—the author of these [writings] requested from the commissary Father fray Francisco de Ribera that three or four friars take a look at them, so that they might give their opinion on them during the provincial chapter that was coming up. [These friars] looked at them and gave an account of them to the governing assembly during the same chapter, giving their assessment of them; and they said during the assembly that these were very valuable writings and that they should be supported so that they might be completed. Some of the members of the governing assembly thought that it went against the [vow of] poverty to spend money on writing down those writings, so they ordered the author to dismiss the scribes and that he alone should write in his own hand whatever else he might wish [to add to] them. But since this [author] was over seventy years old, and since he cannot write anything because of a tremor in his hand—nor could he obtain a dispensation from this order—the writings remained completely idle for more than five years. \n\nAt this time, during the next chapter, Father fray Miguel Navarro was elected as _custos custodum_[^5] for the general chapter, and fray Alonso de Escaluna as provincial. During this time, the author made a summary of all the books and of all the chapters of each book, as well as the prologues, in which all the contents of the books were briefly stated. Father fray Miguel Navarro and his companion Father fray Jerónimo de Mendieta took this summary to Spain; and so, what was written about the things of this land came to be known in Spain. Meanwhile, the provincial father took all the books from this author, and these were dispersed throughout the whole province, where they were seen and approved by many friars as very precious and useful. After some years, returning from the general chapter, Father Miguel Navarro—who came as commissary of these parts—threatening censure, was able to get these books back again after a request from the author. And after they had been collected, a year or so after the fact, they came into the author’s possession. During this time, no work was done on them, nor was there anyone to support finishing the translation into Spanish until the general commissary Father fray Rodrigo de Sequera came to these parts, saw them, was very happy with them, and ordered this author to translate them into Spanish. And he provided all the necessary resources for them to be written anew—the Mexican language in one column and the Spanish in the other—in order to send them to Spain, because the very illustrious lord don Juan de Ovando, president of the Council of the Indies, requested them. He received notice of these books because of the summary that this Father fray Miguel Navarro had brought to Spain, as was mentioned above. Everything that has been said above is explained for the purpose of making it understood that this work has been examined and revised by many, and for many years, and much effort and many misfortunes have been endured in order to render it in the state in which it is now found. \n\nEnd of the prologue.\n\n[^5]: _custos custodum_: that is, general guardian or superior of the friaries.","html":"was that of Tepepolco; the second, that of Tlatelolco; the third, that of Mexico. And there were college grammarians during all of these examinations. The principal and wisest one was Antonio Valeriano, a resident of Azcapotzalco; another, a bit less [wise] than [Valeriano], was Alonso Vegerano, resident of Cuauhtitlan; another was Martín Jacobita, whom I mentioned above; another was Pedro de San Buenaventura, a resident of Cuauhtitlan—all of them experts in three languages: Latin, Spanish, and the Indian one. The scribes who copied all of the works in clear handwriting are Diego de Grado, a resident of Tlatelolco, from the barrio of La Conceptión; Bonifacio Maximiliano, a resident of Tlatelolco, from the barrio of San Martín; and Mateo Severino, a resident of Xochimilco, from the zone of Ullac.
\nOnce these writings were copied anew—with the support of the abovementioned fathers, through which a lot of money was spent on the scribes—the author of these [writings] requested from the commissary Father fray Francisco de Ribera that three or four friars take a look at them, so that they might give their opinion on them during the provincial chapter that was coming up. [These friars] looked at them and gave an account of them to the governing assembly during the same chapter, giving their assessment of them; and they said during the assembly that these were very valuable writings and that they should be supported so that they might be completed. Some of the members of the governing assembly thought that it went against the [vow of] poverty to spend money on writing down those writings, so they ordered the author to dismiss the scribes and that he alone should write in his own hand whatever else he might wish [to add to] them. But since this [author] was over seventy years old, and since he cannot write anything because of a tremor in his hand—nor could he obtain a dispensation from this order—the writings remained completely idle for more than five years.
\nAt this time, during the next chapter, Father fray Miguel Navarro was elected as custos custodum1 for the general chapter, and fray Alonso de Escaluna as provincial. During this time, the author made a summary of all the books and of all the chapters of each book, as well as the prologues, in which all the contents of the books were briefly stated. Father fray Miguel Navarro and his companion Father fray Jerónimo de Mendieta took this summary to Spain; and so, what was written about the things of this land came to be known in Spain. Meanwhile, the provincial father took all the books from this author, and these were dispersed throughout the whole province, where they were seen and approved by many friars as very precious and useful. After some years, returning from the general chapter, Father Miguel Navarro—who came as commissary of these parts—threatening censure, was able to get these books back again after a request from the author. And after they had been collected, a year or so after the fact, they came into the author’s possession. During this time, no work was done on them, nor was there anyone to support finishing the translation into Spanish until the general commissary Father fray Rodrigo de Sequera came to these parts, saw them, was very happy with them, and ordered this author to translate them into Spanish. And he provided all the necessary resources for them to be written anew—the Mexican language in one column and the Spanish in the other—in order to send them to Spain, because the very illustrious lord don Juan de Ovando, president of the Council of the Indies, requested them. He received notice of these books because of the summary that this Father fray Miguel Navarro had brought to Spain, as was mentioned above. Everything that has been said above is explained for the purpose of making it understood that this work has been examined and revised by many, and for many years, and much effort and many misfortunes have been endured in order to render it in the state in which it is now found.
\nEnd of the prologue.
\ncustos custodum: that is, general guardian or superior of the friaries.↩
was the people of Tepepulco; the second, the people of Tlatilulco; the third, the people of Mexico. And in all these scrutinies there were grammarians from the College. The principal and wisest one was Antonio Valeriano, a native of Azcaputzalco; another, a little less so, was Alonso Vegerano, a native of Quauhtitlan. Another was Martin Jacobita, of whom I made mention above; another was Pedro de San Buenaventura, a native of Quauhtitlan. All were expert in three languages: Latin, Spanish, and Indian. The scribes who copied all the works in a good hand are Diego de Grado, native of the district of La Concepcion in Tlatilulco; Bonifacio Maximiliano, native of the district of San Martin in Tlatilulco; Mateo Severino, native of Xochimilco, near Ullac.
\nAfter a clear copy of these writings was made, for which a goodly number of tomines were spent for scribes, and with the support of the Fathers named above, the author thereof requested of the Father Commissary, Fray Francisco de Ribera, that three or four members of the Order inspect them so that, in the provincial Chapter meeting which was pending, they might say how they appeared to them. Said persons saw them and gave a report thereof to the governing assembly in the same Chapter meeting, stating how they appeared to them. And they stated in the governing assembly that they were writings of much worth and should be supported so that they might be completed. It seemed to some of the members of the governing assembly that it was contrary to the vows of poverty to spend monies in recording those writings. And so they ordered the author to dismiss the scribes and that he alone should write in his own hand what he might desire in them. Because he was over seventy years old and because of the trembling of the hand, he was unable to write anything, nor did he achieve the dispensation of this mandate. For more than five years the writings remained without anything being done on them.
\nDuring this time, in the subsequent Chapter meeting, Father Fray Miguel Navarro was elected as General Custodian of the general Chapter, and Fray Alonso de Escalona as Provincial. At this time the author prepared a summary of all the Books and of all the chapters of each Book and the Prologues wherein all that contained in the Books is briefly stated. Father Fray Miguel Navarro and his companion, Father Fray Geronimo de Mendieta, took this summary to Spain. And thus, that which was written about the things of this land was known in Spain. In the meantime, the Provincial Father took all the Books from said author and they were dispersed throughout all the Province, where they were seen by many of the Order and adjudged as very valuable and useful. After some years, returning from a general Chapter, Father Fray Miguel Navarro came as Commissary of these parts. By threat of censure, he again collected said Books at the request of the author. And, more or less a year after they were collected, they came into the possession of the author. At this time nothing was done on them, nor was there anyone to support the translation into Spanish until the Father Commissary General Fray Rodrigo de Sequera came to these parts and saw them. He was very pleased with them and ordered said author to translate them into Spanish. And he provided everything necessary to write them anew, the Mexican language in one column and Spanish in the other, to send them to Spain because the most Illustrious Señor Don Juan de Ovando, President of the Council of the Indies, wanted them. He had news of these Books by way of the summary that said Father Fray Miguel Navarro had taken to Spain, as mentioned above.
\nAll the above is said in order that it be understood that this work has been examined and verified by many over many years. It has suffered many travails and misfortunes until it has been put into the form it is now in.
\nfueron los de tepepulco: el segundo, los del tlatilulco: el tercero, los de mexico: y en todos estos escrutinjos, vuo gramaticos colegiales. El principal y mas sabio, fue antonjo valeriano vezino de azcaputzalco: otro poco menos, que este fue alonso vegerano, vezino de quauhtitlan: otro fue martin Jacobita, de que arriba hize mencion: otro pedro de san buenauentura, vezino de quauhtitlan: todos espertos en tres lenguas, latina, española y indiana. los escriuanos, que sacaron de buena letra, todas las obras, son: Diego de grado, vezino del tlatilulco, del barrjo de la conception. Bonifacio maximjliano, vezino del tlatilulco, del barrjo de sanct martin. Matheo seuerino, vezino de suchimjlco, de la parte de vllac.
\nDesque estas escrituras, estuujeron sacadas en blanco: con el fauor de los padres, arriba nombrados: en que se gastaron, hartos tomjnes, con los escriujentes: el autor dellas, demando al padre comissario, fray francisco de ribera, que se viesen, de tres, o quatro religiosos: para que aquellos dixessen, lo que les parecia dellas, en el capitulo proujncial, que estaua propinquo: los quales los vieron, y dieron relacion dellas, al difinjtorio, en el mismo capitulo: diziendo lo que los parecia, y dixeron en el difinjtorio, que eran escrituras, de mucha estima, y que deujan ser fauorecidas: para que se acabasen. Algunos de los difinjdores les parescio, que era contra la pobreza, gastar dineros en escriujesse aquellas escrituras: y ansi mandaron al autor, que despidiese a los escriuanos: y que el solo escriujesse de su mano, lo que qujsiese en ellas. El qual como era maior de setenta años, y por temblor de la mano, no puede escreujr nada, nj se pudo alcançar dispensacion deste mandamjento: estuujeronse las escrituras, sin hazer nada en ellas: mas de cinco años.
\nEn este tiempo, en el capitulo sigujente, fue elegido por custos custodum, para el capitulo general: el padre fray miguel nauarro: y por proujncial fray alonso descaluna. En este tiempo, el autor, hizo vn sumario, de todos los libros, y de todos los capitulos de cada libro, y los prologos: donde en breuedad se dezia, todo lo que se contenja, en los libros. Este sumario, lleuo a españa, el padre fray Miguel nauarro, y su compañero, el padre fray hieronymo de mendieta: y ansi se supo en españa, lo que estaua escrito, cerca de las cosas desta tierra. En este medio tiempo, el padre proujncial, tomo todos los libros, al dicho autor, y se esparzieron, por toda la proujncia: donde fueron vistos de muchos religiosos, y aprouados, por muy preciosos, y prouechosos. Despues de algunos años, bolujendo de capitulo general, el padre fray Miguel nauarro: el qual vino por comissario destas partes: en censuras, torno a recoger, los dichos libros: a peticion del autor, y desque estuujeron recogidos, day a un año poco mas, o menos: vinjeron a poder del autor. En este tiempo, ninguna cosa se hizo en ellos: nj vuo qujen fauoreciese para acabarse, de traduzir en romance: hasta que el padre comissario general, fray Rodrigo de sequera: vino a estas partes, y los vio, y se contento mucho dellos: y mando al dicho autor, que los traduxese en romance: y proueyo de todo lo necessario, para que se escriujesen de nueuo, la lengua mexicana, en vna coluna, y el romance en la otra, para los embiar a españa: porque los procuro el Illustrissimo señor, don Juan de ouando, presidente del consejo de indias: porque tenja noticia destos libros: por razon del sumario, que el dicho padre fray Miguel nauarro, auja lleuado a españa, como arriba se dixo.
\nTodo lo sobre dicho, haze al proposito, de que se entienda, que esta obra a sido examjnada, y apurada por muchos, y en muchos años, y se an passado muchos trabajos, y desgracias, hasta ponerla en el estado, que agora esta.
\nfin del prologo.
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"2r"}