Al quinto mes llamaban tóxcatl. En este mes hacían fiesta y pascua a honra del principal dios, llamado Tezcatlipuca, por otro nombre Titlacahuan, y por otro Yáutl, y por otro Telpuchtli, y por otro Tlamatzíncatl.
\nEn esta fiesta mataban un mancebo muy acabado en disposición, al cual habían criado por espacio de un año en deleites. Decían que era la imagen de Tezcatlipuca. En matando al mancebo que estaba de un año criado, luego ponían otro en su lugar para criarle por espacio de un año, y déstos tenían muchos guardados para que luego succediesen otro al que había muerto. Escogíanlos entre todos los captivos, los más gentiles hombres, y teníanlos guardados los calpixques. Ponían gran diligencia en que fuesen los más hábiles y más bien dispuestos que se pudiesen haber, y sin tacha ninguna corporal.
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"ee52d49a-921c-470d-aef2-084a04d06eee","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"#### Chapter 24: On the festival that was celebrated on the initial days of the fifth month, which was called Toxcatl\n\t\nThey called the fifth month Toxcatl. During this month, they would celebrate a paschal festival[^86] in honor of the main god, called Tezcatlipoca; by another name, Titlacahuan; by another, Yaotl; by another, Telpochtli; and by another, Tlamatzincatl. \n\nDuring this festival, they would kill a young man who had a very polished disposition and whom they had nurtured surrounded by pleasures for a period of one year. They said that he was the image of Tezcatlipoca. Upon killing the young man who had been nurtured like this for a year, they would immediately put another in his place in order to nurture him for a period of yet another year. And they kept many of these young men under guard in order to immediately replace the one who had just died. They would select the most handsome men among all the captives, and the _calpixques_ would keep guard over them. They were very careful in ensuring that these [young men] were the most skillful and best suited that there could be, and without any bodily blemish. \n\n\n[^86]: “They would . . . festival”: _hacían fiesta y pascua_. _Hacer pascua_ means “to break the ritual fast” of the previous season.","html":"They called the fifth month Toxcatl. During this month, they would celebrate a paschal festival1 in honor of the main god, called Tezcatlipoca; by another name, Titlacahuan; by another, Yaotl; by another, Telpochtli; and by another, Tlamatzincatl.
\nDuring this festival, they would kill a young man who had a very polished disposition and whom they had nurtured surrounded by pleasures for a period of one year. They said that he was the image of Tezcatlipoca. Upon killing the young man who had been nurtured like this for a year, they would immediately put another in his place in order to nurture him for a period of yet another year. And they kept many of these young men under guard in order to immediately replace the one who had just died. They would select the most handsome men among all the captives, and the calpixques would keep guard over them. They were very careful in ensuring that these [young men] were the most skillful and best suited that there could be, and without any bodily blemish.
\n“They would . . . festival”: hacían fiesta y pascua. Hacer pascua means “to break the ritual fast” of the previous season.↩
In ipan in toxcatl, vel yueiilhujuh catca in tezcatlipuca: vncan tlacatia, vncan moquetzaia: ipampa ca vncan miquja, yn jxiptla in cexiuhtica onen.
\nYoan iquac njman noce vncan mixquetzaia yxiptla, yn oc no cexiuhtica nemiz:
\nca miequjntin in nemja, teixiptlaoan in quinpia, in qujnnemjtiaia cacalpixque: aço quē matlactli in nemj: y iehoantin y, ca mamalti tlaqujxtilti quixtiloia, yn iquac oalaxitiloia mamalti, vncan pepenaloia, intla aca ce oqualittoc, in qualli ynacaio: njman onano, qujmonpialtiaia in calpixque: auh iece ipan qujoalixquetzaia tlacotli, iehoatl qujmictia in tlamanj:\nca iehoatl ic pepenalo, in qualli itlachieliz, in mjmatquj, in mjmatinj, in chipaoac ynacaio, cujllotic, acatic, piaztic, iuhqujn otlatl, ipanoca temjmjltic, amo tlacaçolnacaio, amo tomaoac, amo no tetepiton amo no cenca quauhtic:
\nca yiaio[ca]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"7f570be6-658d-41e6-bcfe-e3c929a649e9","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### Sixth [Twenty-fourth] Chapter, which relateth the feast and the debt-paying which was celebrated during all the days of the fifth month, which was called Toxcatl.[^1] \n\nIn the time of Toxcatl there was Tezcatlipoca’s great festival. At that time he was given human form; at that time he was set up. Wherefore died his impersonator, who for one year had lived [as Tezcatlipoca]. \n\nAnd at that time was appointed his [new] impersonator, who would again live [as Tezcatlipoca] for a year. \n\nFor many impersonators were living, whom stewards in various places guarded; whom they maintained. About ten [so] lived. These were indeed selected captives; they were selected when captives were taken. There one was chosen if he was seen to be suitable, if he was fair of body. Then he was taken. They entrusted these to stewards. But one destined to be a slave, him the captor slew. \n\nIndeed he who was thus chosen was of fair countenance, of good understanding, quick, of clean body, slender, reed-like, long and thin, like a stout cane, like a stone column all over, not of overfed body, not corpulent, nor very small, nor exceedingly tall. \n\nIndeed \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: Of this name, Orozco y Berra, *Historia antigua,* Vol. II, p. 37, writes: “Toxcatl, Tepopochuiliztli. *De todas las interpretaciones dadas á la palabra* toxcatl, *la más genuina, á nuestro entender, es la dada por Gama, tomada del P. Acosta: ‘una soga gruesa torcida de sartales de maíz tostado.’*”\n\n\nClavijero, *Historia antigua,* Vol. III, p. 402, explains that *”La figura del mes quinto es la de una cabeza humana con una cadena debajo, para representar aquellas sartas de maíz tostado que se ponían al cuello, y con las cuales adornaban también al ídolo de Tezcatlipoca, por lo que mes tomó el nombre Toxcatl”*; and (p. 152) “*unos sacerdotes teñidos de negro y vestidos del traje del ídolo, lo bajaban en unas andas bien aderezadas al pie de la escalera. Los mancebos y vírgenes del templo rodeaban las andas de una cuerda gruesa compuesta de sartas de maíz tostado y ponían al ídolo una sarta al cuello y una guirnalda en la cabeza. A esta cuerda por ser de granos secos y símbolo de la sequedad que pretendían evitar con sus plegarias, llamaron* toxcatl, *el cual nombre se dió por esta ceremonia al mes quinto de que hablamos.*” \n\nGaribay (“Relación breve,” p. 298) also suggests as a translation for the name our “our dryness, our drought”—”*nuestra secura.*” \n\nJiménez Moreno, “*Primeros memoriales,*” p. 31, notes: “*Precisamente se llevaban collares de maíz tostado (de allí quizá la idea de ‘cosa seca’) en esta fiesta* Tózcatl, *pues podría aquí significar lo mismo que* cózcatl *(collar). Pero, siendo ésta fiesta de* Tezcatlipoca *no es improbable que se tenga* Tózcatl *como posible forma arcáica de* Tézcatl *(‘espejo’ y en ocasiones ‘laguna’). En el castellano de México, un espejo se llama también ‘luna’ y no debe olvidarse que* Tezcatlipoca *era un dios lunar.*”","html":"In the time of Toxcatl there was Tezcatlipoca’s great festival. At that time he was given human form; at that time he was set up. Wherefore died his impersonator, who for one year had lived [as Tezcatlipoca].
\nAnd at that time was appointed his [new] impersonator, who would again live [as Tezcatlipoca] for a year.
\nFor many impersonators were living, whom stewards in various places guarded; whom they maintained. About ten [so] lived. These were indeed selected captives; they were selected when captives were taken. There one was chosen if he was seen to be suitable, if he was fair of body. Then he was taken. They entrusted these to stewards. But one destined to be a slave, him the captor slew.
\nIndeed he who was thus chosen was of fair countenance, of good understanding, quick, of clean body, slender, reed-like, long and thin, like a stout cane, like a stone column all over, not of overfed body, not corpulent, nor very small, nor exceedingly tall.
\nIndeed
\nClavijero, Historia antigua, Vol. III, p. 402, explains that ”La figura del mes quinto es la de una cabeza humana con una cadena debajo, para representar aquellas sartas de maíz tostado que se ponían al cuello, y con las cuales adornaban también al ídolo de Tezcatlipoca, por lo que mes tomó el nombre Toxcatl”; and (p. 152) “unos sacerdotes teñidos de negro y vestidos del traje del ídolo, lo bajaban en unas andas bien aderezadas al pie de la escalera. Los mancebos y vírgenes del templo rodeaban las andas de una cuerda gruesa compuesta de sartas de maíz tostado y ponían al ídolo una sarta al cuello y una guirnalda en la cabeza. A esta cuerda por ser de granos secos y símbolo de la sequedad que pretendían evitar con sus plegarias, llamaron toxcatl, el cual nombre se dió por esta ceremonia al mes quinto de que hablamos.”
\nGaribay (“Relación breve,” p. 298) also suggests as a translation for the name our “our dryness, our drought”—”nuestra secura.”
\nJiménez Moreno, “Primeros memoriales,” p. 31, notes: “Precisamente se llevaban collares de maíz tostado (de allí quizá la idea de ‘cosa seca’) en esta fiesta Tózcatl, pues podría aquí significar lo mismo que cózcatl (collar). Pero, siendo ésta fiesta de Tezcatlipoca no es improbable que se tenga Tózcatl como posible forma arcáica de Tézcatl (‘espejo’ y en ocasiones ‘laguna’). En el castellano de México, un espejo se llama también ‘luna’ y no debe olvidarse que Tezcatlipoca era un dios lunar.”
\nOf this name, Orozco y Berra, Historia antigua, Vol. II, p. 37, writes: “Toxcatl, Tepopochuiliztli. De todas las interpretaciones dadas á la palabra toxcatl, la más genuina, á nuestro entender, es la dada por Gama, tomada del P. Acosta: ‘una soga gruesa torcida de sartales de maíz tostado.’”↩