Lo que dixeron y supieron los naturales antiguos y señores desta tierra de los defunctos que se morían es que las ánimas de los defuntos iban a una de tres partes. La una es el Infierno, donde estaba y vivía un diablo que se decía Mictlantecuhtli, y por otro nombre Tzontémoc, y una diosa que se decía Mictecacíhuatl, que era mujer de Mictlantecuhtli. Y las ánimas de los defunctos que iban al Infierno son los que morían de enfermedad, agora fuesen señores o principales o gente baxa. Y el día que alguno se moría, varón o mujer o muchacho, decían al defunto echado en la cama, antes que lo enterrasen: "¡Oh, hijo! Ya habéis pasado y padecido los trabajos desta vida. Y ya ha sido servido nuestro señor de os llevar, porque no tenemos vida permanente en este
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"ce590927-7a9a-4e94-86c3-1f2590680dbb","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"## [Here] begins the appendix to the third book\n\n#### First chapter: On those who went to hell and on their burial rites\n\nWhat the ancient natives and lords of this land knew and said about the dead who passed away is that the souls of the dead would go to one of three places. The first one is hell, where a devil called Mictlanteuctli, or by another name, Tzontemoc, lived and resided, as well as a goddess called Mictecacihuatl, who was the wife of Mictlanteuctli. And the souls of the deceased who went to hell belonged to those who had died of illness, whether they had been lords or nobles or common people. And on the day somebody died, whether it was a man or a woman or a youth, they would say to the deceased one, who was laid out on the bed, before they would bury him or her, “Oh, my child! You have already endured and suffered the trials of this life. And now our lord has seen it fit to take you away, for we do not have a permanent life","html":"What the ancient natives and lords of this land knew and said about the dead who passed away is that the souls of the dead would go to one of three places. The first one is hell, where a devil called Mictlanteuctli, or by another name, Tzontemoc, lived and resided, as well as a goddess called Mictecacihuatl, who was the wife of Mictlanteuctli. And the souls of the deceased who went to hell belonged to those who had died of illness, whether they had been lords or nobles or common people. And on the day somebody died, whether it was a man or a woman or a youth, they would say to the deceased one, who was laid out on the bed, before they would bury him or her, “Oh, my child! You have already endured and suffered the trials of this life. And now our lord has seen it fit to take you away, for we do not have a permanent life
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"3bdb1340-7fe5-4ff0-ba1f-1c31c7267c6d","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"### Nican vmpeoa in janca, injc ey amoxtli in icotõca apendiz in itech tlatloa in jmanjmaoã in omjcque. Yoan oc cequj in itlaecoltiloca, in tlacatecutl \n\n#### Injc ce capitulo: itechpa tlatoa yn imanjman in miquja in vmpa via mjctlan, yoan in quenjn tocoia. \n\nIn juh qujmatia in nican tlaca in vevetque; yoan in tlatoque ca in jxqujchtin miquja. Excan in vi, yn iquac miquj. \nJnjc ceccan vmpa in mjctlan, auh in vncan mjctlan, vncan onoc, vncan ca mictlan tecutli, anoço Tzontemoc, yoan in Mictecacihoatl, yn icioauh mjctlã tecutli. \n\nauh in vmpa vi, mjctlã iehoantin, in jxquichtin tlalmiqui, in çan coculiztli ic miqui in tlatoque, in maceoalti. \nauh in iquac miquia in oquichtli, anoço cihoatl, anoço piltõtli. auh injc quitlatlauhtiaia in","html":"In juh qujmatia in nican tlaca in vevetque; yoan in tlatoque ca in jxqujchtin miquja. Excan in vi, yn iquac miquj.\nJnjc ceccan vmpa in mjctlan, auh in vncan mjctlan, vncan onoc, vncan ca mictlan tecutli, anoço Tzontemoc, yoan in Mictecacihoatl, yn icioauh mjctlã tecutli.
\nauh in vmpa vi, mjctlã iehoantin, in jxquichtin tlalmiqui, in çan coculiztli ic miqui in tlatoque, in maceoalti.\nauh in iquac miquia in oquichtli, anoço cihoatl, anoço piltõtli. auh injc quitlatlauhtiaia in
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"2f5765e3-6396-43be-84cc-523351b0afba","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"## Here beginneth the other part of the Third Book, the part of the Appendix, which telleth of the souls of the dead and of still other services [rendered] the devil.[^1] \n\n#### First Chapter, which telleth of the souls of those who died, who went there to the place of the dead, and of how they were buried.\n\nThis is what the natives thought, the old men and the rulers: that all who died went to [one of] three places when they died.[^2]\n\nThe first place was there in the place of the dead.[^3] And there, in the place of the dead, there dwelt, there was Mictlan tecutli, or Tzontemoc, and Mictlan ciuatl, consort of Mictlan tecutli.\n\nAnd there to the place of the dead went all those who died on earth, who died only of sickness: the rulers, the commoners.\n\nAnd when one died—man, or woman, or child—and when they prayed to him \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: *Tlacatecutl*: probably to be read *tlacatecolotl*.\n\n\n[^2]: Not mentioned in the Appendix to *Book III* are the concepts of the dedication of the western heavens (*ciuatlampa*) to women who died in childbirth (*mociuaquetzque*), and of a garden of Tonacatecutli dedicated to the souls of young children. Cf. Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O. Anderson, *Florentine Codex, Book VI, Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy* (Santa Fe: School of American Research and University of Utah, 1969; hereafter referred to as Dibble and Anderson, *Book VI*), pp. 161 *sqq*. and 115 *sq*.\n\n\n[^3]: Although Sahagún invariably translates *mictlan* as *infierno*, the literal meaning is land or place of the dead.","html":"This is what the natives thought, the old men and the rulers: that all who died went to [one of] three places when they died.2
\nThe first place was there in the place of the dead.3 And there, in the place of the dead, there dwelt, there was Mictlan tecutli, or Tzontemoc, and Mictlan ciuatl, consort of Mictlan tecutli.
\nAnd there to the place of the dead went all those who died on earth, who died only of sickness: the rulers, the commoners.
\nAnd when one died—man, or woman, or child—and when they prayed to him
\nTlacatecutl: probably to be read tlacatecolotl.↩
Not mentioned in the Appendix to Book III are the concepts of the dedication of the western heavens (ciuatlampa) to women who died in childbirth (mociuaquetzque), and of a garden of Tonacatecutli dedicated to the souls of young children. Cf. Charles E. Dibble and Arthur J. O. Anderson, Florentine Codex, Book VI, Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy (Santa Fe: School of American Research and University of Utah, 1969; hereafter referred to as Dibble and Anderson, Book VI), pp. 161 sqq. and 115 sq.↩
Although Sahagún invariably translates mictlan as infierno, the literal meaning is land or place of the dead.↩