Quetzacóatl fue estimado y tenido por dios, y lo adoraban de tiempo antiguo en Tulla, y tenía un cu muy alto con muchas gradas y muy angostas que no cabía un pie. Y estaba siempre echada su estatua y cubierta de mantas, y la cara que tenía era muy fea, y la cabeza larga, y barbudo. Y los vasallos que tenía eran todos oficiales de artes mecánicas y diestros para labrar las piedras verdes que se llaman chalchihuites, y también para fundir plata y hacer otras cosas. Y estas artes todas hobieron origen del dicho Quetzalcóatl. Y tenía unas casas hechas de piedras verdes preciosas que se llaman chalchihuites, y otras casas hechas de plata, y más otras casas hechas de concha colorada y blanca, y más otras casas hechas todas de tablas, y más otras casas hechas de turquesas, y más otras casas hechas de plumas ricas. Y los vasallos que tenía eran muy ligeros para andar y llegar a donde ellos querían ir, y se llamaban tlancuacemilhuime.
\nY hay una sierra que se llama Tzatzitépetl, hasta agora así se nom[bra]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"0ad21abc-55c0-4c34-8ce0-44710ff9a245","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"#### Third chapter: On the account of who Quetzalcoatl was—another Hercules, a great necromancer—where he ruled, and what he did when he went away\n\nQuetzalcoatl was esteemed and held as a god, and they worshiped him since ancient times in Tollan. He had a _cu_ that was very high, with many steps that were so narrow that not even a single foot could fit on them. And his statue was always brought out and covered with capes, and it had a very ugly face, which was bearded, and a long head. And his attendants were all masters in the mechanical arts, skillful in carving the green stones that are called _chalchihuites_, and [skillful] also in smelting silver and in doing other things. And all of these arts had their origin in this Quetzalcoatl. And he had some houses made of precious green stones called _chalchihuites_, as well as other houses made of silver; and, in addition, he had some houses made of red and white conch shells, and still other houses made completely of wood planks, and still other houses made of turquoise, and still other houses made of precious feathers. And his attendants were very light-footed, able to come and go wherever they wanted to go; and they were called _tlancuacemilhuimeh_.\n\nAnd there is a sierra called Tzahtzitepetl, still known by that name today,","html":"Quetzalcoatl was esteemed and held as a god, and they worshiped him since ancient times in Tollan. He had a cu that was very high, with many steps that were so narrow that not even a single foot could fit on them. And his statue was always brought out and covered with capes, and it had a very ugly face, which was bearded, and a long head. And his attendants were all masters in the mechanical arts, skillful in carving the green stones that are called chalchihuites, and [skillful] also in smelting silver and in doing other things. And all of these arts had their origin in this Quetzalcoatl. And he had some houses made of precious green stones called chalchihuites, as well as other houses made of silver; and, in addition, he had some houses made of red and white conch shells, and still other houses made completely of wood planks, and still other houses made of turquoise, and still other houses made of precious feathers. And his attendants were very light-footed, able to come and go wherever they wanted to go; and they were called tlancuacemilhuimeh.
\nAnd there is a sierra called Tzahtzitepetl, still known by that name today,
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"750d0339-34b4-48e8-aa1d-9d95bbc741f1","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### Injc Ey capitulo: itechpa tlatoa, in jtoloca in Quetzalcoatl in vej naoalli catca: in canjn tlatocac, yoan in tlein qujchiuh iquac ia. \n\nIn iehoatl, in quetzalcoatl: iuhquj̄ma teutl ipan qujmatia, neteutiloia, teumachoia, in iqujn ie vecauh, in vmpa tullan. \n\nauh in vncã onoca in iteupan, cenca vecapã, cenca quauhtic, ixachiquauhtic, ixachivecapan, cenca miec in itlamamatlaio, vel tecpichauhtoc, amo papatlaoac, çan pitzatoton, amo vel cece xocpalli, vmpan onoca \n\nqujl çan tlapachiuhtoca, çan ixtlapachiuhtoca, yoan quil atlacacemelle catca: \nin ixaiac iuhqujn tetecujnpol, tehtlanipol, hamo tlatlacaiocoia. auh in itentzon cenca viac, cenca vitlatztic, tentzonpachtic, \n\nauh in tolteca, in imaceoalhoan, cenca mjmatia, atle ovi in quichioaia, in quitequja chalchivitl, yoan teucujtlapitzaia, yoan quichioaia, in oc cequj toltecaiutl in amantecaiotl, cenca vel mimatia vel itech peuhtica, vel itech quiz[tica,]","html":"In iehoatl, in quetzalcoatl: iuhquj̄ma teutl ipan qujmatia, neteutiloia, teumachoia, in iqujn ie vecauh, in vmpa tullan.
\nauh in vncã onoca in iteupan, cenca vecapã, cenca quauhtic, ixachiquauhtic, ixachivecapan, cenca miec in itlamamatlaio, vel tecpichauhtoc, amo papatlaoac, çan pitzatoton, amo vel cece xocpalli, vmpan onoca
\nqujl çan tlapachiuhtoca, çan ixtlapachiuhtoca, yoan quil atlacacemelle catca:\nin ixaiac iuhqujn tetecujnpol, tehtlanipol, hamo tlatlacaiocoia. auh in itentzon cenca viac, cenca vitlatztic, tentzonpachtic,
\nauh in tolteca, in imaceoalhoan, cenca mjmatia, atle ovi in quichioaia, in quitequja chalchivitl, yoan teucujtlapitzaia, yoan quichioaia, in oc cequj toltecaiutl in amantecaiotl, cenca vel mimatia vel itech peuhtica, vel itech quiz[tica,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"1738c337-41e6-4ca5-b82f-61f721cd35c1","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### Third Chapter, which telleth the tale of Quetzalcoatl, who was a great wizard:[^1] where he ruled[^2] and what he did when he went away.\n\nThis Quetzalcoatl they considered as a god; he was thought a god; he was prayed to in olden times there at Tula.[^3]\n\nAnd there was his temple. It was very tall, very high, exceedingly high, exceedingly tall. Very many were its stair steps; verily they lay in a multitude, each one not wide but only very narrow. On each one the sole of one’s foot could not lie.\n\nIt is said he just lay covered, he just lay with his face covered. And it is said he was monstrous.\n\nHis face was like something monstrous, battered, a monstrous fallen rock. There was no human creation [in it]. And his beard was very long, very lengthy. He was heavily bearded.\n\nAnd the Tolteca, his vassals, were highly skilled. Nothing was difficult when they did it, when they cut the green stone and cast gold, and made still other works of the craftsman, of the feather worker. Very highly skilled were they. Indeed these [crafts] started, indeed \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: *Naualli*. Garibay, “Paralipómenos de Sahagún,” pp. 170 *sq*., translates the term as *alma*, but suggests three possibilities for precise understanding of the word: (1) if *naui* is the root, a wizard-quadruped is implied; (2) if the root is *nahuali, nahuala* (an archaic verb surviving in compounds), then the meaning is close to magician or prestidigitator, or—following Molina, *Vocabulario de la lengua mexicana* (cf. *nahualcaqui, nahualcuilia, nahuallachia*, etc., fol. 63*r*)—to fool; (3) if the root is the Maya *na, nao, naua*, then the meaning approximates wisdom, science, magic. Garibay favors the second possibility.\n\n\n[^2]: Seler, *Einige Kapitel*, p. 268, n. 1, corrects *in canin* (where) to *in quenin* (how). This is perhaps more logical.\n\n\n[^3]: As a deity, Quetzalcoatl was wind god and priest god (Seler, *Gesammelte Abhandlungen*, Vol. I, p. 304), or morning star god, god of life, of the morning (Caso, *The Aztecs*, p. 23). Cf. also Anderson and Dibble, *Book 1*, p. 9.\n\n\nPossibly the most coherent account of Quetzalcoatl as the priest-ruler of Tula is in the *Anales de Cuauhtitlan*, of which the best editions are Walter Lehmann’s *Geschichte der Königreiche von Colhuacan und Mexico* (Stuttgart und Berlin: Verlag von W. Kohlhammer, 1938), and Primo Feliciano Velásquez’s, in *Códice Chimalpopoca* (Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 1975). According to this source (pp. 42, 69 *sqq*. in Lehmann’s *Geschichte*, and pp. 7 *sqq*. in Velasquez’s *Códice*), he reigned at Tula for ten or twenty years following A.D. 873, having been born thirty years earlier of Chimalman, widow of Totepeuh, who died A.D. 834. (See *supra*, First Chapter, n. 4.) Chimalman is said to have swallowed a green stone, and from it to have conceived. See also Torquemada, *Segunda parte*, p. 80.","html":"This Quetzalcoatl they considered as a god; he was thought a god; he was prayed to in olden times there at Tula.3
\nAnd there was his temple. It was very tall, very high, exceedingly high, exceedingly tall. Very many were its stair steps; verily they lay in a multitude, each one not wide but only very narrow. On each one the sole of one’s foot could not lie.
\nIt is said he just lay covered, he just lay with his face covered. And it is said he was monstrous.
\nHis face was like something monstrous, battered, a monstrous fallen rock. There was no human creation [in it]. And his beard was very long, very lengthy. He was heavily bearded.
\nAnd the Tolteca, his vassals, were highly skilled. Nothing was difficult when they did it, when they cut the green stone and cast gold, and made still other works of the craftsman, of the feather worker. Very highly skilled were they. Indeed these [crafts] started, indeed
\nPossibly the most coherent account of Quetzalcoatl as the priest-ruler of Tula is in the Anales de Cuauhtitlan, of which the best editions are Walter Lehmann’s Geschichte der Königreiche von Colhuacan und Mexico (Stuttgart und Berlin: Verlag von W. Kohlhammer, 1938), and Primo Feliciano Velásquez’s, in Códice Chimalpopoca (Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 1975). According to this source (pp. 42, 69 sqq. in Lehmann’s Geschichte, and pp. 7 sqq. in Velasquez’s Códice), he reigned at Tula for ten or twenty years following A.D. 873, having been born thirty years earlier of Chimalman, widow of Totepeuh, who died A.D. 834. (See supra, First Chapter, n. 4.) Chimalman is said to have swallowed a green stone, and from it to have conceived. See also Torquemada, Segunda parte, p. 80.
\nNaualli. Garibay, “Paralipómenos de Sahagún,” pp. 170 sq., translates the term as alma, but suggests three possibilities for precise understanding of the word: (1) if naui is the root, a wizard-quadruped is implied; (2) if the root is nahuali, nahuala (an archaic verb surviving in compounds), then the meaning is close to magician or prestidigitator, or—following Molina, Vocabulario de la lengua mexicana (cf. nahualcaqui, nahualcuilia, nahuallachia, etc., fol. 63r)—to fool; (3) if the root is the Maya na, nao, naua, then the meaning approximates wisdom, science, magic. Garibay favors the second possibility.↩
Seler, Einige Kapitel, p. 268, n. 1, corrects in canin (where) to in quenin (how). This is perhaps more logical.↩
As a deity, Quetzalcoatl was wind god and priest god (Seler, Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Vol. I, p. 304), or morning star god, god of life, of the morning (Caso, The Aztecs, p. 23). Cf. also Anderson and Dibble, Book 1, p. 9.↩