poníanlos ordenadamente en el patio de su iglesia que se llama calpulco, sobre una manta rica. Y quemaban encienso y ofrecían sangre de codornices. Decían que lo hacían a honra deste signo, como si calentasen todo lo susodicho al sol. Y después de haber hecho sus devociones, comenzaban a comer y beber todos los mercaderes y convidados, y dábanles a cada uno las cañas de humo, y parecía como niebla el humo que había, y flores. Y a la noche juntábanse los mercaderes, viejos y viejas, y emborrachábanse. Y allí cada uno se jactaba de lo que había ganado y de las tierras que habían andado y de las partes remotas a que habían llegado y por donde habían discorrido, y de los peligros en que se habían visto en las tierras de los enemigos. Con estos cuentos afrentaban a otros que no habían ido a lexas tierras, y decíanlos que siempre habían estado tras el huego y que no sabían otros mercados sino en el tiánquez que está cabe su casa. En esto gastaban toda la noche, parlando y vo[ceando]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"2f5d2871-2027-4c84-a90d-9f98b3f62a2d","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"neatly on top of a rich cloth in the patio of their church, which is called _calpulco_. And they would burn incense and offer quails’ blood. They said that they did this to honor this sign, as if they were warming everything mentioned above in the sun. And once they had performed their devotions, all the merchants and their guests would begin to eat and drink. And they would give smoking tubes to each one of them, so that the smoke that hovered there seemed like fog; and [they would also give them] flowers. And the merchants, [who were both] older men and women, would gather together at night and get drunk. And each one of them would brag there about what they had earned, about the lands that they had roamed, about the remote regions that they had reached and had passed through, and about the dangers that they had faced in enemy lands. With such tales, they would insult others who had not gone to distant lands, telling them that they had always stayed by the hearth and did not know other markets except for the _tianquiz_ near their homes. They would spend the whole night like this, chatting and","html":"neatly on top of a rich cloth in the patio of their church, which is called calpulco. And they would burn incense and offer quails’ blood. They said that they did this to honor this sign, as if they were warming everything mentioned above in the sun. And once they had performed their devotions, all the merchants and their guests would begin to eat and drink. And they would give smoking tubes to each one of them, so that the smoke that hovered there seemed like fog; and [they would also give them] flowers. And the merchants, [who were both] older men and women, would gather together at night and get drunk. And each one of them would brag there about what they had earned, about the lands that they had roamed, about the remote regions that they had reached and had passed through, and about the dangers that they had faced in enemy lands. With such tales, they would insult others who had not gone to distant lands, telling them that they had always stayed by the hearth and did not know other markets except for the tianquiz near their homes. They would spend the whole night like this, chatting and
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"c5a29042-6bb5-49e1-a4fc-160a2089f800","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"quetzaliacatl, in çan tepitoton, in chilchotic, ioan in tzinjtzcan, in teoquechol: in axcan mjtoa tlauhquechol, ioan in xiuhtototl, in aiopal, in toztli, in tozcujcujl, in çaquan, in cochoivitl, in chamolin, in cujtlatexotli, in coçôtli, in xiuhapalli. Etc. yoan in tequaneoatl, in tequanpetlatl, auh in aquaujtl, in atzaccaiotl: \n\nin ie mochi intlatquj in teintoc, [ȳ pixauhtoc. yn calpulco] in teucali, tlaçotilmapan qujcentecaia, qujcuecuentiliaia, qujtlatlamantiliaia, qujviujpanaia, qujtetecpanaia, vncan tlenamacaia, tlacotonaia, iehoatl injc mjtoa: tlatotonja, auh in jquac otlatotonjque, in otlenamacaque, cemjlhujtl, catepan tlatlaqualo, aatlioa, mopixtoque, in pochteca veuetque, nepielotoc, tlachichinalotoc, tlanecutoc, tlaaujaxtoc, puctleoatoc, puctli mantoc, tlaqualli qujqujztoc, atle monectoc, iehoatl injc mjtoa, ca tlatonaltia, tlatotonja, in puchteca. \n\nAuh in oiooac tlatlaoano, mocecentlalia in puchteca veuetque, in puchteca ilamatque, intla otlaiujntic, vncan qujmopopoaltia, qujmeeoaltia, ic mjxmotlatoque, yn innecujltonol, yn intlaiecoliz, yn jmoqujchtiliz, oc cenca iehoatl: in canjn icac imjcxi, qujtoznequj: in canjn acitinemj, in quexqujch ic conmati, in quexqujch imjloch, innecuepal, ic","html":"quetzaliacatl, in çan tepitoton, in chilchotic, ioan in tzinjtzcan, in teoquechol: in axcan mjtoa tlauhquechol, ioan in xiuhtototl, in aiopal, in toztli, in tozcujcujl, in çaquan, in cochoivitl, in chamolin, in cujtlatexotli, in coçôtli, in xiuhapalli. Etc. yoan in tequaneoatl, in tequanpetlatl, auh in aquaujtl, in atzaccaiotl:
\nin ie mochi intlatquj in teintoc, [ȳ pixauhtoc. yn calpulco] in teucali, tlaçotilmapan qujcentecaia, qujcuecuentiliaia, qujtlatlamantiliaia, qujviujpanaia, qujtetecpanaia, vncan tlenamacaia, tlacotonaia, iehoatl injc mjtoa: tlatotonja, auh in jquac otlatotonjque, in otlenamacaque, cemjlhujtl, catepan tlatlaqualo, aatlioa, mopixtoque, in pochteca veuetque, nepielotoc, tlachichinalotoc, tlanecutoc, tlaaujaxtoc, puctleoatoc, puctli mantoc, tlaqualli qujqujztoc, atle monectoc, iehoatl injc mjtoa, ca tlatonaltia, tlatotonja, in puchteca.
\nAuh in oiooac tlatlaoano, mocecentlalia in puchteca veuetque, in puchteca ilamatque, intla otlaiujntic, vncan qujmopopoaltia, qujmeeoaltia, ic mjxmotlatoque, yn innecujltonol, yn intlaiecoliz, yn jmoqujchtiliz, oc cenca iehoatl: in canjn icac imjcxi, qujtoznequj: in canjn acitinemj, in quexqujch ic conmati, in quexqujch imjloch, innecuepal, ic
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"ce5a5625-c2bb-4596-ae59-7b69d63fc918","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"down feathers,[^7] the very small ones, the chili-green ones and the crest feathers of the quetzal;[^8] and feathers of the red spoonbill[^9] [*teoquechol*], which is now called *tlauhquechol*; and the blue cotinga, the amethyst-colored ones,[^10] the yellow parrot,[^11] the multicolored parrot, the troupial,[^12] the red and yellow parrot,[^13] the scarlet parrot,[^14] the blue parrot,[^15] the dove; and aquamarine feathers, etc. And skins of wild animals, and mats of wild animal [skins]; and wooden chocolate-beaters; and gourd stoppers.[^16]\n\nVerily, all their goods, which lay strewn [and scattered in the tribal quarter] temples[^17] they arranged in order and in rows upon precious capes. They sorted, ordered, and disposed them. Then they offered incense and beheaded quail. Of this it was thus said: “They place things in the sun.” And when they had placed them in the sun, and when they had offered incense during the day, later,[^18] everyone ate and drank. The old mechants lay guarding and watching, smoking, inhaling the fragrance, and taking their pleasure. Smoke drifted upward and was overspread. Food was spread out in abundance; nothing was lacking. Of this it was thus said: the merchants heated things; they placed them in the sun.\n\nAnd when it grew dark, there was drinking. All of the old merchant men and women assembled. When they became drunk, then they vaunted, boasted, and blustered over their wealth, their achievements, their valor, and especially wheresoever they had set foot; that is to say, wheresoever they had gone to arrive; the things which they had discovered, the manner of their return, their coming back. So \n\n\n\n\n[^7]: Quetzal nose plug, in Jena, *loc. cit*.\n\n\n[^8]: *Tzinitzcan*. Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 2 and 4, describes both the crest of the quetzal and a bird of the same name: *Trogonorus mexicanus, T. ambiguus* (*ibid*., Vol. IV, p. 366). In Seler, *Collected Works* (J. Eric S. Thompson and Francis B. Richardson, eds.; Cambridge: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939), Vol. V, p. 2, it is quetzal tail and shoulder feathers of dark green with metallic sheen; in *ibid*., Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 137, a bird with black and green feathers.\n\n\n[^9]: *Tlauhquechol*. In *ibid*., Vol. IV, p. 62, white and red spoonbill; Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 63, red heron; p. 124, red spoonbill; p. 137, rose-colored heron. Cf. also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 5; *Ajaja ajaja* (*ibid*., Vol. IV, p. 356).\n\n\n[^10]: Sahagún (*op. cit*., XI, 2, 9) mentions an *ayoquan* found in mountains about Cueztlan and Michoacan—of painted, black beak and black feathers except those of the tail, which are half-white; another bird of the same name is a waterfowl of yellow beak; feathers at joint of wing are green; long wing and tail feathers are brassy, with white and green; body feathers are red. *Agamia agami* (*ibid*., Vol. IV, p. 324).\n\n\nIn “L’orfèvrerie des anciens mexicains et leur art de travailler la pierre et de faire des ornements en plumes,” Congrès International des Américanistes, *Compte-Rendu* da la Huitième Session Tenue à Paris en 1890 (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1892), note to § 68, Eduard Seler translates *ayopal* as *topaze enfumée*, referring to Molina, *op. cit., christal amarillo—ayopalteuilotl*.\n\n[^11]: Seler, *Collected Works*, Vol. IV, p. 33. Cf. also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 16; Santamaría, *op. cit*., Vol. III, p.210.\n\n\n[^12]: Seler, *op. cit*., Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 114. *Gymnostinops Montezumae* (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 372).\n\n\n[^13]: Seler, *op. cit*., Vol. IV, p. 33. Santamaría, *op. cit*., Vol. I, p. 371: *”especie de loro, del género* Chrysotis.” *Cocho* or *cochotl*—*”Papagayo rojo y morado.” Amazona albifrons albifrons* (Sahagún, *op. cit*., Vol. IV, p. 328).\n\n\n[^14]: *Ibid*., IX, 1, 2. Cf. also, however, *chamolin *(*chamol*)* in Santamaría, *op. cit*., Vol. I, p. 461 : *”Nombre vulgar que en el Estado de Guerrero, en Méjico, se da al tabachín o chacalsúchitl.” Chamolsúchitl*: Azt., *chamolli *(*penacho*)*—”tabachín o flor del camarón* (Poinciana pulcherrima).”\n\n\n[^15]: Cf. Sahagún, *loc. cit*.\n\n\n[^16]: Corresponding Spanish text: *atapadores de galapagos para tecomates*.\n\n\n[^17]: An omission in the *Florentine Codex*, to be noted in comparing the passage with the text of the *Real Palacio MS*, placed in brackets, brings the Nahuatl closer to Sahagún’s corresponding Spanish.\n\n\n[^18]: *Catepan*: the cedilla is missing in the original.","html":"down feathers,1 the very small ones, the chili-green ones and the crest feathers of the quetzal;2 and feathers of the red spoonbill3 [teoquechol], which is now called tlauhquechol; and the blue cotinga, the amethyst-colored ones,4 the yellow parrot,5 the multicolored parrot, the troupial,6 the red and yellow parrot,7 the scarlet parrot,8 the blue parrot,9 the dove; and aquamarine feathers, etc. And skins of wild animals, and mats of wild animal [skins]; and wooden chocolate-beaters; and gourd stoppers.10
\nVerily, all their goods, which lay strewn [and scattered in the tribal quarter] temples11 they arranged in order and in rows upon precious capes. They sorted, ordered, and disposed them. Then they offered incense and beheaded quail. Of this it was thus said: “They place things in the sun.” And when they had placed them in the sun, and when they had offered incense during the day, later,12 everyone ate and drank. The old mechants lay guarding and watching, smoking, inhaling the fragrance, and taking their pleasure. Smoke drifted upward and was overspread. Food was spread out in abundance; nothing was lacking. Of this it was thus said: the merchants heated things; they placed them in the sun.
\nAnd when it grew dark, there was drinking. All of the old merchant men and women assembled. When they became drunk, then they vaunted, boasted, and blustered over their wealth, their achievements, their valor, and especially wheresoever they had set foot; that is to say, wheresoever they had gone to arrive; the things which they had discovered, the manner of their return, their coming back. So
\nIn “L’orfèvrerie des anciens mexicains et leur art de travailler la pierre et de faire des ornements en plumes,” Congrès International des Américanistes, Compte-Rendu da la Huitième Session Tenue à Paris en 1890 (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1892), note to § 68, Eduard Seler translates ayopal as topaze enfumée, referring to Molina, op. cit., christal amarillo—ayopalteuilotl.
\nQuetzal nose plug, in Jena, loc. cit.↩
Tzinitzcan. Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 2 and 4, describes both the crest of the quetzal and a bird of the same name: Trogonorus mexicanus, T. ambiguus (ibid., Vol. IV, p. 366). In Seler, Collected Works (J. Eric S. Thompson and Francis B. Richardson, eds.; Cambridge: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939), Vol. V, p. 2, it is quetzal tail and shoulder feathers of dark green with metallic sheen; in ibid., Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 137, a bird with black and green feathers.↩
Tlauhquechol. In ibid., Vol. IV, p. 62, white and red spoonbill; Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 63, red heron; p. 124, red spoonbill; p. 137, rose-colored heron. Cf. also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 5; Ajaja ajaja (ibid., Vol. IV, p. 356).↩
Sahagún (op. cit., XI, 2, 9) mentions an ayoquan found in mountains about Cueztlan and Michoacan—of painted, black beak and black feathers except those of the tail, which are half-white; another bird of the same name is a waterfowl of yellow beak; feathers at joint of wing are green; long wing and tail feathers are brassy, with white and green; body feathers are red. Agamia agami (ibid., Vol. IV, p. 324).↩
Seler, Collected Works, Vol. IV, p. 33. Cf. also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), XI, 2, 16; Santamaría, op. cit., Vol. III, p.210.↩
Seler, op. cit., Vol. II, Pt. 3–4, p. 114. Gymnostinops Montezumae (Sahagún, Garibay ed., Vol. IV, p. 372).↩
Seler, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 33. Santamaría, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 371: ”especie de loro, del género Chrysotis.” Cocho or cochotl—”Papagayo rojo y morado.” Amazona albifrons albifrons (Sahagún, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 328).↩
Ibid., IX, 1, 2. Cf. also, however, chamolin *(chamol) in Santamaría, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 461 : ”Nombre vulgar que en el Estado de Guerrero, en Méjico, se da al tabachín o chacalsúchitl.” Chamolsúchitl: Azt., chamolli *(penacho)—”tabachín o flor del camarón* (Poinciana pulcherrima).”↩
Cf. Sahagún, loc. cit.↩
Corresponding Spanish text: atapadores de galapagos para tecomates.↩
An omission in the Florentine Codex, to be noted in comparing the passage with the text of the Real Palacio MS, placed in brackets, brings the Nahuatl closer to Sahagún’s corresponding Spanish.↩
Catepan: the cedilla is missing in the original.↩