{"id":"801890f4-2d41-4e9a-aba8-12879f077b5f","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/folio/52r/","folio":"52r","book":"4"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/folio/51v/","folio":"51v","book":"4"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/folio/52v/","folio":"52v","book":"4"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/1_295r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/4e92ed7c-7701-4ed3-9bc6-ad6976f1c6cd/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_1_4.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/783cabcf-6486-4992-a32f-974b3120120d/","canvas_label":{"en":["52r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","book_title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación.","book_number":"4","total_folios":176,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"5b463654-5d26-4698-9644-4abea8bce1bd","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"#### dar guerra a sus enemigos, y en el mismo sentenciaban a muerte a los que por algún crimen estaban presos \n\nEn acabando de hacer la fiesta de la dedicación de su señorío, los señores que se elegían en este signo luego mandaban a pregonar guerra contra sus enemigos, y esto era lo segundo en que había de mostrar la grandeza de su señorío, en la guerra, y por esta causa luego escogían a los hombres valientes y soldados fuertes. Y todos los que eran tales llegábanse al señor a porfía, porque cada uno deseaba que le eligiesen para aquel negocio, por tener ocasión de mostrarse y de ganar de comer y honra, y por mostrarse que deseaban de morir en la guerra.\n\nTambién decían que en este signo sentenciaban a los que estaban presos por algún crimen de muerte, y sacaban a los que no tenían culpa de la cárcel. Y también libraban a los esclavos que injustamente eran tenidos por tales. Aquellos que libraban de la injusta servidum[bre]","html":"<h4>dar guerra a sus enemigos, y en el mismo sentenciaban a muerte a los que por algún crimen estaban presos</h4>\n<p>En acabando de hacer la fiesta de la dedicación de su señorío, los señores que se elegían en este signo luego mandaban a pregonar guerra contra sus enemigos, y esto era lo segundo en que había de mostrar la grandeza de su señorío, en la guerra, y por esta causa luego escogían a los hombres valientes y soldados fuertes. Y todos los que eran tales llegábanse al señor a porfía, porque cada uno deseaba que le eligiesen para aquel negocio, por tener ocasión de mostrarse y de ganar de comer y honra, y por mostrarse que deseaban de morir en la guerra.</p>\n<p>También decían que en este signo sentenciaban a los que estaban presos por algún crimen de muerte, y sacaban a los que no tenían culpa de la cárcel. Y también libraban a los esclavos que injustamente eran tenidos por tales. Aquellos que libraban de la injusta servidum[bre]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"2f8fe698-6afe-4f1d-a982-ace718f2a9bf","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"#### for war against their enemies during this sign, and how, during the same [sign], they would sentence to death those who were imprisoned for some serious crime\n\nOnce the festivity of the lords’ installation came to a close, the lords who had been elected during this sign would immediately send out a call for war against their enemies, for war was the second action through which a lord was able to demonstrate the greatness of his rule; and this is why they would then select courageous men and strong soldiers. And all such men would insist on approaching the lord, because each one wanted to be chosen for that task in order to have the opportunity to prove themselves, to earn their livelihood and their honor, and to prove that they wished to die in war.\n\nThey also said that during this sign they would sentence those who had been imprisoned for committing murder, and they would let the innocent out of jail. And they would also free those slaves who had been wrongly kept as such. And those whom they freed from unjust servitude","html":"<h4>for war against their enemies during this sign, and how, during the same [sign], they would sentence to death those who were imprisoned for some serious crime</h4>\n<p>Once the festivity of the lords’ installation came to a close, the lords who had been elected during this sign would immediately send out a call for war against their enemies, for war was the second action through which a lord was able to demonstrate the greatness of his rule; and this is why they would then select courageous men and strong soldiers. And all such men would insist on approaching the lord, because each one wanted to be chosen for that task in order to have the opportunity to prove themselves, to earn their livelihood and their honor, and to prove that they wished to die in war.</p>\n<p>They also said that during this sign they would sentence those who had been imprisoned for committing murder, and they would let the innocent out of jail. And they would also free those slaves who had been wrongly kept as such. And those whom they freed from unjust servitude</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"b61233c0-73b8-4cc3-b8e0-f2f0090f1ef1","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### [tlato]que (in jpan in tonalli omoteneuh) iaotlatoaia, ioan vncan tlatzontequjliloia in mjqujztli ipan catca. \n\nIn jquac ie omotecpac tecoanotzaliztica: njman ie no cuele oalmotlalia injc iaotlatolo, no ic mjtoa ic oppa iaoc motecpacaz in tlatoanj, iquac cenca ipan mopepena in tiacaoan, in chicaoaque, ipan netotocholo, nemamalioa, injc qujtlamatilizque, qujpalevizque, injc iehoan uel qujtlamaltizque, ipampa ca qujxtoca, ipan mjxpoa, qujmototoqujlia in jauh, in jtlaqual, in jtilma, injc ipal nemjzque, ipallaquemjzque, qujnmaujzçotiz, Etª. itlaujcecaoan mochioazque in mjtoa: injc aqujtlaçotla in jntzontecon, in jmelchiqujuh, teca momotla, teujc mopetlatiuj: \n\nioan mjtoa no ipan tecutlatoloia injn ce itzcujntli, vncan tlatzontequjliloia in jmpan ca mjqujztli: auh iquac qujxtiloia, caoaloia, in amo cenca ovi ic cate, ioan qujntlatlacollaçaia, in tlatlacoti, in amo cenca melaoac, in amo uel ixnezquj, in amo cenca uel neztica ic tlacoti, ic tlanamjquj in aço çan tlapictli qujtzaqua, çan tlapiqujloque, çan ixpopoiotlanamjctiloque, ixpopoiotlanamjcque,","html":"<h4>[tlato]que (in jpan in tonalli omoteneuh) iaotlatoaia, ioan vncan tlatzontequjliloia in mjqujztli ipan catca.</h4>\n<p>In jquac ie omotecpac tecoanotzaliztica: njman ie no cuele oalmotlalia injc iaotlatolo, no ic mjtoa ic oppa iaoc motecpacaz in tlatoanj, iquac cenca ipan mopepena in tiacaoan, in chicaoaque, ipan netotocholo, nemamalioa, injc qujtlamatilizque, qujpalevizque, injc iehoan uel qujtlamaltizque, ipampa ca qujxtoca, ipan mjxpoa, qujmototoqujlia in jauh, in jtlaqual, in jtilma, injc ipal nemjzque, ipallaquemjzque, qujnmaujzçotiz, Etª. itlaujcecaoan mochioazque in mjtoa: injc aqujtlaçotla in jntzontecon, in jmelchiqujuh, teca momotla, teujc mopetlatiuj:</p>\n<p>ioan mjtoa no ipan tecutlatoloia injn ce itzcujntli, vncan tlatzontequjliloia in jmpan ca mjqujztli: auh iquac qujxtiloia, caoaloia, in amo cenca ovi ic cate, ioan qujntlatlacollaçaia, in tlatlacoti, in amo cenca melaoac, in amo uel ixnezquj, in amo cenca uel neztica ic tlacoti, ic tlanamjquj in aço çan tlapictli qujtzaqua, çan tlapiqujloque, çan ixpopoiotlanamjctiloque, ixpopoiotlanamjcque,</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"a8a39fa1-6f28-4970-a99c-3ebc68a3f062","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### these rulers (upon the day sign mentioned) proclaimed war. And at that time were sentenced those who were to die.[^1]\n\nWhen already the election ceremony had taken place, with festivity,[^2] [the newly-elected rulers] disposed themselves for war to be declared. Also in this way it was said that for a second time, in war, the rulers would hold the election ceremony. Then to a considerable degree did the chieftains, the strong, cast their lot with him. They were urged and thrust upon him that they might show him their skill and aid him; so that they might take captives for him. This was because in this way they sought, dedicated themselves to, and gained their drink and food, and their capes, through the help of which they would live and have raiment; and he would honor them, etc. They would become his standard-bearing warriors, who, it was said, courted danger, hurled themselves against the foe, and joined in the fray.\n\nAnd it was also said that on this [day sign] One Dog a court of justice was held. Then was sentence pronounced upon those who were to die. And at this time were released and freed those who had done nothing serious. And they absolved of their crimes those who had suffered injustice for no apparent crime or discernible fault, and had served and paid a penalty for it: those who had only wrongly been imprisoned for some invented wrong, who only paid and atoned another&#8217;s fault or crime, \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: Corresponding Spanish text: *&#8221;en el mjsmo sentenciavan a muerte, a los que por algũ gran crimen, estavan presos.&#8221;*\n\n\n[^2]: *Ibid*.:* &#8220;En acabando de hazer la fiesta de la dedicacion de su señorio&#8230; . auja de mostrar la grandeza de su señorio.&#8221;* Cf. also Anderson and Dibble, *loc. cit*.","html":"<h4>these rulers (upon the day sign mentioned) proclaimed war. And at that time were sentenced those who were to die.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></h4>\n<p>When already the election ceremony had taken place, with festivity,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> [the newly-elected rulers] disposed themselves for war to be declared. Also in this way it was said that for a second time, in war, the rulers would hold the election ceremony. Then to a considerable degree did the chieftains, the strong, cast their lot with him. They were urged and thrust upon him that they might show him their skill and aid him; so that they might take captives for him. This was because in this way they sought, dedicated themselves to, and gained their drink and food, and their capes, through the help of which they would live and have raiment; and he would honor them, etc. They would become his standard-bearing warriors, who, it was said, courted danger, hurled themselves against the foe, and joined in the fray.</p>\n<p>And it was also said that on this [day sign] One Dog a court of justice was held. Then was sentence pronounced upon those who were to die. And at this time were released and freed those who had done nothing serious. And they absolved of their crimes those who had suffered injustice for no apparent crime or discernible fault, and had served and paid a penalty for it: those who had only wrongly been imprisoned for some invented wrong, who only paid and atoned another’s fault or crime,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Corresponding Spanish text: <em>”en el mjsmo sentenciavan a muerte, a los que por algũ gran crimen, estavan presos.”</em><a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Ibid</em>.:* “En acabando de hazer la fiesta de la dedicacion de su señorio… . auja de mostrar la grandeza de su señorio.”* Cf. also Anderson and Dibble, <em>loc. cit</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"52r"}