Porque algunos se han engañado, y aún todavía dura el engaño cerca de ciertas cuentas que estos naturales usaban antiguamente, tengo por cosa provechosa poner aquí la declaración de tres maneras de cuentas que usaban, y aún en algunas partes las usan.
\nEs la primera cuenta la división del año por sus meses. Es el caso que ellos repartían el año en deciocho partes, y a cada parte le daban veinte días. Éstos se poeden llamar meses, de manera que su año tenía deciocho meses, los cuales contienen trescientos y setenta [sic] días, y los cinco que sobran para ser año cumplido no entran en cuenta, sino llamábanlos "días baldíos" y "aciagos", porque a ningún dios eran dedicados. El fin a que enderecaban esta división es que cada mes o cada veinte días los dedicaban a un dios, y en ellos le hacían fiestas y sacrificios, exceto que en dos meses hacían fiesta a cuatro dioses, dedicando diez días al uno y otros diez al otro. Y ansí, con ser los meses deciocho, las fiestas que celebraban en ellos eran veinte. Esta cuenta se llama calendario, donde todos los días del año se dedican a los dioses, excepto los cinco que, como está dicho, los tenían por baldíos y aciagos. Esta cuenta, que es calendario que estos naturales tenían de tiempo sin memoria, no tiene qué hacer con las otras dos cuentas que luego se dirán.
\nLa segunda cuenta que estos naturales usaban se llama cuenta de los años, porque contaban cierto número de años por la forma que se sigue: tenían cuatro caracteres puestos en cuatro partes en respecto de un círculo redondo. Al uno destos caracteres llamaban ce ácatl, que quiere decir "una caña". Este carácter era como una caña verde pintada, y en respecto del círculo estaba hacia el oriente. Al segundo carácter llamaban ce técpatl,
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"93edcc02-6211-4e31-a340-3cc75e0b7b3e","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"## Appendix of the fourth book in the vernacular, which is a discourse in defense of the truth contained in it\n\nSince some have been deceived, and since the delusion still endures concerning certain [calendrical] counts that these natives used in ancient times, I consider it useful to present here a description of three types of [calendrical] counts that they used to use and are still using in some regions.\n\nThe first [type of] count divides the year into its months. It so happens that they would divide the year into eighteen parts and assign twenty days to each part. These can be called “months,” so that their year had eighteen months containing three hundred seventy days,[^53] and the remaining five [days] that would make a full a year are not taken into account. Instead, they called these “vacant days” or “unlucky [days],” because they were not dedicated to any god. Their purpose in ordering such a division was that they would dedicate each month, or every twenty days, to a god; and during those [months], they would celebrate festivals and make sacrifices on the [god’s] behalf, except that in two of the months they would celebrate four gods’ festivals, dedicating ten days to one of them and the other ten to the other. Therefore, even though there were eighteen months, they celebrated twenty festivals throughout them. This count is called a “calendar,” in which all the days of the year are dedicated to the gods, except for the five days that, as was mentioned, they considered to be vacant and unlucky. This count, which is a calendar that these natives had from times immemorial, has nothing to do with the other two counts that will be now explained.\n\nThe second count that these natives used is called the “year count,” because they would count a certain number of years in the following way: They had four characters set in four places with respect to a round circle. They called one of these characters Ce Acatl, which means “1 Reed.” This character was depicted as a green reed and was placed in the east with respect to the circle. They called the second character Ce Tecpatl, \n\n\n[^53]: “Three hundred seventy”: _trescientos y setenta_. This is a scribal error, which should read _trescientos y sesenta_, since the count is 360 days in a year.","html":"Since some have been deceived, and since the delusion still endures concerning certain [calendrical] counts that these natives used in ancient times, I consider it useful to present here a description of three types of [calendrical] counts that they used to use and are still using in some regions.
\nThe first [type of] count divides the year into its months. It so happens that they would divide the year into eighteen parts and assign twenty days to each part. These can be called “months,” so that their year had eighteen months containing three hundred seventy days,1 and the remaining five [days] that would make a full a year are not taken into account. Instead, they called these “vacant days” or “unlucky [days],” because they were not dedicated to any god. Their purpose in ordering such a division was that they would dedicate each month, or every twenty days, to a god; and during those [months], they would celebrate festivals and make sacrifices on the [god’s] behalf, except that in two of the months they would celebrate four gods’ festivals, dedicating ten days to one of them and the other ten to the other. Therefore, even though there were eighteen months, they celebrated twenty festivals throughout them. This count is called a “calendar,” in which all the days of the year are dedicated to the gods, except for the five days that, as was mentioned, they considered to be vacant and unlucky. This count, which is a calendar that these natives had from times immemorial, has nothing to do with the other two counts that will be now explained.
\nThe second count that these natives used is called the “year count,” because they would count a certain number of years in the following way: They had four characters set in four places with respect to a round circle. They called one of these characters Ce Acatl, which means “1 Reed.” This character was depicted as a green reed and was placed in the east with respect to the circle. They called the second character Ce Tecpatl,
\n“Three hundred seventy”: trescientos y setenta. This is a scribal error, which should read trescientos y sesenta, since the count is 360 days in a year.↩
Because some have been deceived, and the delusion even today endureth, concerning certain [systems of] counting which these natives used in days of old, I consider it helpful to place here an explanation of three kinds of counting [systems] which they used and in some places still use.
\nThe first count is the division of the year into its months. The fact is that they divided the year into eighteen parts, and to each part they gave twenty days. These may be called months. Thus their year had eighteen months, which comprised three hundred and sixty days. The five left over to make a full year are not counted: rather, they called them idle and unlucky days, because to no god were they dedicated. The purpose for which they established this division was that they dedicated each month or [period of] twenty days to a god, and during each they held celebrations and made sacrifices; except that in two of the months they celebrated the feasts of four gods, [in each] assigning ten days to one and another ten to the other. And so, although there were eighteen months, the feasts celebrated in them were twenty. This count is called a calendar in which all the days of the year are dedicated to the gods except the five which, as is told, they considered idle and of evil fortune. This count, which is the calendar these natives had had from time immemorial, has nothing to do with the other two counts which will now be described.
\nThe second count which these natives used is called the year-count, because [by it] they counted a certain number of years in the following way. They had four characters placed in four positions with respect to a circle. One of these characters they called Ce acatl, meaning One Reed. This character was represented as a green reed, and, with reference to the circle, was to the east. The second character they called Ce tecpatl,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"fa1db8fe-cf49-429f-a8d4-b7ecca9e7afb","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"## Appendiz del quarto libro en roma. Ce y es vna appologia en defension de la verdad que en el se contiene. \n\nPorque algunos se an engañado, y aun todavia dura el engaño, cerca de ciertas cuentas, que estos naturales vsauan antiguamente: tengo por cosa prouechosa poner aquj, la declaracion de tres maneras de cuentas, que vsauan, y avn en algunas partes las vsan.\n\nEs la primera cuenta, la division del año por sus meses. Es el caso que ellos repartian el año, en deziocho partes, y a cada parte, le dauan veinte dias; estos se poeden llamar meses: de manera, que su año tenja deziocho meses: los quales contienen trezientos y setenta [sic] dias, y los cinco que sobran, para ser año cumplido, no entran en cuenta, sino llamauanlos dias baldios, y aziagos, porque a njngun dios eran dedicados. El fin a que enderecauan [sic] esta diujsion es, que cada mes o cada veinte dias, los dedicauan a un dios, y en ellos le hazian fiestas, y sacrificios, exceto que en dos meses hazian fiesta a quatro dioses, dedicando diez dias a al vno, y otros diez al otro. Y ansi con ser los meses deziocho, las fiestas que celebrauan en ellos eran veinte. Esta cuenta, se llama calendario, donde todos los dias del año, se dedican a los dioses, excepto los cinco que como esta dicho los tenjan baldios y aziagos. Esta cuenta, que es el calendario que estos naturales tenjan de tiempo sin memoria, no tiene que hazer, con las otras dos cuentas, que luego se dirã.\n\nLa segunda cuenta que estos naturales vsauan, se llama cuenta de los años, porque contauan cierto numero de años, por la forma que se sigue: tenjan quatro caractercs, puestos en quatro partes en respecto de vn circulo redondo. A al vno destos caracteres llarnauã, Ce acatl, que quiere dezir, vna caña: este caracter, era como vna caña verde pintada, y en respecto del circulo, estaua hazia al oriente. Al segundo caracter, llamauan ce tecpatl,","html":"Porque algunos se an engañado, y aun todavia dura el engaño, cerca de ciertas cuentas, que estos naturales vsauan antiguamente: tengo por cosa prouechosa poner aquj, la declaracion de tres maneras de cuentas, que vsauan, y avn en algunas partes las vsan.
\nEs la primera cuenta, la division del año por sus meses. Es el caso que ellos repartian el año, en deziocho partes, y a cada parte, le dauan veinte dias; estos se poeden llamar meses: de manera, que su año tenja deziocho meses: los quales contienen trezientos y setenta [sic] dias, y los cinco que sobran, para ser año cumplido, no entran en cuenta, sino llamauanlos dias baldios, y aziagos, porque a njngun dios eran dedicados. El fin a que enderecauan [sic] esta diujsion es, que cada mes o cada veinte dias, los dedicauan a un dios, y en ellos le hazian fiestas, y sacrificios, exceto que en dos meses hazian fiesta a quatro dioses, dedicando diez dias a al vno, y otros diez al otro. Y ansi con ser los meses deziocho, las fiestas que celebrauan en ellos eran veinte. Esta cuenta, se llama calendario, donde todos los dias del año, se dedican a los dioses, excepto los cinco que como esta dicho los tenjan baldios y aziagos. Esta cuenta, que es el calendario que estos naturales tenjan de tiempo sin memoria, no tiene que hazer, con las otras dos cuentas, que luego se dirã.
\nLa segunda cuenta que estos naturales vsauan, se llama cuenta de los años, porque contauan cierto numero de años, por la forma que se sigue: tenjan quatro caractercs, puestos en quatro partes en respecto de vn circulo redondo. A al vno destos caracteres llarnauã, Ce acatl, que quiere dezir, vna caña: este caracter, era como vna caña verde pintada, y en respecto del circulo, estaua hazia al oriente. Al segundo caracter, llamauan ce tecpatl,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"76r"}