que quiere decir "un pedernal", hecho a manera de hierro de lanza, tiñido la mitad dél con sangre. Éste estaba puesto hacia la parte del septendrión en respeto al círculo. El tercero carácter era una casa pintada, que ellos llaman ce calli. Está puesta hacia la parte del occidente en respecto del círculo. El cuarto carácter es la semejanza de un conejo, que ellos llaman ce tochtli. Está puesto hacia la parte del mediodía en respecto del círculo. Contaban por estos caracteres cincuenta y dos años, dando a cada uno de los caracteres trece años. Y contaban desta manera: ce ácatl, ume técpatl, ei calli, nahui tochtli, y ansí dando vueltas por estos caracteres hasta que en cada uno se cumpliesen trece años, los cuales todos juntos son cuatro veces trece, que hacen cincuenta y dos años. El fin o intención desta cuenta es renovar cada cincuenta y dos años el pacto o concierto o juramento de servir a los ídolos porque en el fin de los cincuenta y dos años hacían una muy solemne fiesta y sacaban fuego nuevo, y apagaban todo lo viejo, y tomaban todas las provincias desta Nueva España fuego nuevo. Entonce renovaban todas las estatuas de los ídolos y todas sus alhajas, y el propósito de servir los otros cincuenta y dos años, y también tenían profecía o oráculo del Demonio que en uno destos periodos se había de acabar el mundo.
\nLa tercera cuenta que estos naturales usaban era el arte para adivinar la fortuna o ventura que tendrían los que nacían, hombres y mujeres. Era desta manera: que tenían veinte caracteres. Al primero llaman cipactli; el segundo, écatl; el tercero, calli; el cuarto, cuetzpalli; el quinto, cóatl; etcétera, hasta veinte, como está pintado en la figura que está al fin deste apéndiz. Decían que cada uno destos caracteres reinaba trece días, que todos juntos son doscientos y setenta [sic] días. Algunos dicen que estos trece días son semanas del mes, y no es ansí, sino número de días en que reina el signo o carácter. Las semanas de los meses son cinco días, y ansí hay en cada mes cuatro semanas. Y los tiánquez o mercados por este número de días se señala o solían señalarse, que de cinco en cinco días echaban los mercados o ferias. Y ansí, no tenían semana, sino quintana. Ya agora en muchas partes echan los mercados y ferias por nuestra semana, de siete en siete días. En esta cuenta adivinatoria y no lícita entrepónense los caracteres de la cuenta de los años, conviene a saber, aquellos cuatro caracteres
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"0fde40bd-88be-4bfb-9693-07d0c9b06384","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"which means “1 Flint,” and it was made in the shape of a spear point, with one half of it tinged with blood. This one was placed toward the northern part of the circle. The third character was depicted as a house, which they call Ce Calli. This one is placed toward the western part of the circle. The fourth character is the likeness of a rabbit, which they call Ce Tochtli. This one is placed toward the southern part of the circle. They counted fifty-two years with these characters, assigning thirteen years to each character. And they would count them in this way: Ce Acatl, Ome Tecpatl, Yei Calli, Nahui Tochtli, and so on, drawing circles by means of these characters until thirteen years were counted for each one, making four times thirteen in total, resulting in fifty-two years. The purpose or intention of this count is to renew, every fifty-two years, the pact or covenant or vow to serve the idols; for every fifty-two years they would celebrate a very solemn festival during which they would light a new fire and extinguish all the old ones, and all the provinces of this New Spain would take some of this new fire. Then they would renew all the statues of the idols, all of their jewels, and the vow of serving [the gods] for the next fifty-two years. And they also had a prophecy or oracle from the devil that the world would end during one of these periods.\n\nThe third count that these natives used was the art of divining the luck or fortune that newborns, male and female, were meant to have. It was as follows: They had twenty characters. They call the first one Cipactli; the second, Ehecatl; the third, Calli; the fourth, Cuetzpalin; the fifth, Coatl, et cetera—all the way up to twenty, as depicted in the figure at the end of this appendix. They said that each one of these characters ruled for thirteen days, which altogether makes two hundred seventy days.[^54] Some people say that these thirteen days are the weeks of the month, but this is not so, for this is the number of days during which the sign or character rules. The weeks of the month are made up of five days, so there are four weeks in each month. And the _tianquiz_, or markets, are scheduled, or used to be scheduled, according to this number of days; so they would set up the markets or fairs every five days. Therefore, they had not a [seven-day] week but a five-day week.[^55] In many places, they now set up their markets and fairs according to our week, every seven days. This divinatory and illicit count is interspersed with the characters of the year count, that is, with those four characters \n\n\n[^54]: “Two hundred seventy”: _doscientos y sententa_. Another scribal error: the number should read 260. \n\n[^55]: “Therefore . . . five-day week”: “Así, no tenían semana, sino quintana.”","html":"which means “1 Flint,” and it was made in the shape of a spear point, with one half of it tinged with blood. This one was placed toward the northern part of the circle. The third character was depicted as a house, which they call Ce Calli. This one is placed toward the western part of the circle. The fourth character is the likeness of a rabbit, which they call Ce Tochtli. This one is placed toward the southern part of the circle. They counted fifty-two years with these characters, assigning thirteen years to each character. And they would count them in this way: Ce Acatl, Ome Tecpatl, Yei Calli, Nahui Tochtli, and so on, drawing circles by means of these characters until thirteen years were counted for each one, making four times thirteen in total, resulting in fifty-two years. The purpose or intention of this count is to renew, every fifty-two years, the pact or covenant or vow to serve the idols; for every fifty-two years they would celebrate a very solemn festival during which they would light a new fire and extinguish all the old ones, and all the provinces of this New Spain would take some of this new fire. Then they would renew all the statues of the idols, all of their jewels, and the vow of serving [the gods] for the next fifty-two years. And they also had a prophecy or oracle from the devil that the world would end during one of these periods.
\nThe third count that these natives used was the art of divining the luck or fortune that newborns, male and female, were meant to have. It was as follows: They had twenty characters. They call the first one Cipactli; the second, Ehecatl; the third, Calli; the fourth, Cuetzpalin; the fifth, Coatl, et cetera—all the way up to twenty, as depicted in the figure at the end of this appendix. They said that each one of these characters ruled for thirteen days, which altogether makes two hundred seventy days.1 Some people say that these thirteen days are the weeks of the month, but this is not so, for this is the number of days during which the sign or character rules. The weeks of the month are made up of five days, so there are four weeks in each month. And the tianquiz, or markets, are scheduled, or used to be scheduled, according to this number of days; so they would set up the markets or fairs every five days. Therefore, they had not a [seven-day] week but a five-day week.2 In many places, they now set up their markets and fairs according to our week, every seven days. This divinatory and illicit count is interspersed with the characters of the year count, that is, with those four characters
\nmeaning One Flint Knife. [It was] made in the manner of a lance head, half of it blood-stained. This was placed to the north with reference to the circle. The third character was the representation of a house, which they call Ce calli [One House]. It is placed to the west with reference to the circle. The fourth character is the likeness of a rabbit, which they call Ce tochtli [One Rabbit]; it is placed to the south with reference to the circle. By means of these characters they counted fifty-two years assigning thirteen years to each character. And they counted in this manner, One Reed, Two Flint Knife, Three House, Four Rabbit, and so on, so describing circles by means of these characters, until each one attained thirteen years. These, altogether, make up four times thirteen and equal fifty-two years. The purpose or intention of this count is to renew, every fifty-two years, the covenant, contract, or vow, to serve the idols. Because at the end of the fifty-two-year [cycle] they observed a very solemn feast and made new fire, and extinguished all the old [fires]. And all the provinces of this New Spain took of this new fire. Then they renewed all the statues of the idols and all of their adornment, as well as the intention of serving them for the next fifty-two years. And also they had a prophecy or oracle of the devil that at [the end of] one of these periods the world would come to an end.
\nThe third count which these natives used was the art of divination of the fortune or luck which those born would have, whether men or women. It was done in this way. They had twenty characters. The first they named Crocodile, the second Wind, the third House, the fourth Lizard, the fifth Serpent, etc., up to twenty, as is represented in the chart at the end of this Appendix.1 They said that each of these characters reigned thirteen days, so that all together are two hundred and [sixty] days. Some say that these thirteen-day [periods] are weeks of the month, but this is not so. Rather they are the number of days in which the sign or character reigneth. The weeks of the month are of five days, and so there are, in each month, four weeks; and the tianquiztli, or markets, are fixed according to this number of days, or used to be so fixed. So that by periods of five days they established the markets or fairs. And so they had no weeks [of seven days], but rather periods of five days. And nowadays, in many places, they set the markets and fairs according to our seven-day weeks. In this illicit soothsaying count are interspersed the characters of the year-count; that is, those four characters
\nSee Plates 102–104.↩
que qujere dezir vn pedernal: hecho a manera de hierro de lança tiñjdo la mjtad del con sangre: este estaua puesto hazia la parte del septendrion en respecto del circulo. El tercero caracter era vna pintada que ellos llaman ce calli, esta puesta hazia la parte del occidente, en respecto del circulo. El quarto caracter es la semejança de vn conejo que ellos llaman ce tochtli: esta puesto hazia la parte del medio dia, en respecto del circulo: contauan por estos caracteres cincuenta y dos años, dando a cada vno de los caracteres treze años, y contauan desta manera, ce acatl, vme tecpatl, ei calli, navi tochtli, y ansi dando bueltas, por estos caracteres, hasta que en cada vno se cumpliessen treze años, los quales todos juntos, son quatro vezes treze que hazen cincuenta y dos años: el fin o intencion desta cuenta es, renouar cada cincuenta y dos años, el pacto, o concierto, o juramento de servjr a los idolos. Porque en el fin de los cincuenta y dos años hazian vna muy solemne fiesta, y sacauan fuego nueuo, y apagauan todo lo viejo y tomauan todas las proujncias desta nueua españa fuego nueuo; entonce renouauan todas las estatuas de los idolos y todas sus alhajas, y el proposito de serujrlos otros cincuenta y dos años. Y tambien tenjan profecia o oraculo del demonjo, que en vno destos periodos se auja de acabar el mundo.
\nLa tercera cuenta que estos naturales vsauan, era el arte para adiujnar la fortuna o uentura, que tendrian los que nacian hombres y mugeres. Era desta manera que tenjan viente caracteres: al primero llamauan cipactli, el segundo hecatl, el tercero calli, el quarto cuetzpali, el qujnto coatl. &c. hasta viente como esta pintado en la figura, que esta al fin deste apediz: dezian que cada vno destos caracteres, reinaua treze dias, que todos juntas son dozientos y setenta [sic] dias. Algunos dizen que estos treze dias son semanas del mes y no es ansi sino numero de dias en que reina el signo o caracter: las semanas de los meses son cinco dias y ansi ay en cada mes quatro semanas y los tianquez, o mercados por este numero de dias se señalla, [sic] o solian señallarse, que de cinco en cinco dias hechauã los mercados, o ferias, y ansi no tenjan semana, sino qujntana, y agora en muchas partes hechan los mercados y ferias por nuestra semana de siete en siete dias. En esta cuenta adiujnatoria i no licita entreponense los caracteres de la cuenta de los años; conviene a saber, aquellos quatro caracteres
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"76v"}