de que arriba se hizo mención, que es caña, pedernal, casa, conejo, por donde contaban la hebdómada de sus años, que son cincuenta y dos. Esta cuenta, muy perjudicial y muy supersticiosa y muy llena de idolatría, como parece en este Libro Cuarto, algunos la alaban mucho, diciendo que era muy ingeniosa y que ninguna mácula tenía. Esto dixeron por no entender a qué fin se endereza esta cuenta, el cual es muy malo, idolátrico. De poco entendieron la muchedumbre de supersticiones y fiestas y sacrificios idolátricos que en ella se contienen, y llamaron a esta cuenta el calendario de los indios, no entendiendo que esta cuenta no alcanza a todo el año, porque no tiene más doscientos y sesenta días de círculo, y luego torna a su principio, y ansí no poede ser calendario y ni nunca lo fue, porque el calendario, como está dicho y está pintado en el principio del Segundo Libro, contiene todos los días del año y las fiestas del año, y esto ignoran los que dicen que esta arte adivinatoria es calendario. Y cierto fue grande inadvertencia y culpable ignorancia loar por palabra y por escrito una cosa tan mala y tan llena de idolatría. El celo de la verdad y de la fe católica me compele a poner aquí las mismas palabras de un tratado que un religioso escribió en loor desta arte adivinatoria, diciendo que es calendario, para que dondequiera que alguno le viere sepa que es cosa muy perjudicial a nuestra santa fe católica, y sea destruido y quemado. Síguese la introducción del tractado sobredicho:
\nPor las roedas aquí antepoestas cuentan los indios sus días, semanas, meses, años, olimpiadas, lustros, indiciones y hebdómadas, comenzando su año con el nuestro desde el principio de enero, en la cual se hallan las maneras de contar los tiempos que tuvieron todas las naciones, y según parece los indios que la composieron y sabían bien ciertamente se mostraron filósofos naturales. Solamente faltaron en el bisexto; pero también pasó el gran filósofo Aristótiles y su maestro Platón, y otros muchos sabios que no lo alcanzaron. Y es de saber que en este calendario no hay cosa de idolatría. Y esto se poede de alabar por muchas razones;
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"25a44987-6687-4f58-8232-7610d361711a","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"mentioned above, which are Reed, Flint, House, [and] Rabbit, through which they counted the hebdomad of their years, which are fifty-two. This count, which is a very harmful, superstitious count, and full of idolatry, as can be seen in this fourth book, is greatly praised by some people who say that it was very ingenious and completely blameless. They said this because they do not understand what the purpose of this count is, which is very evil and idolatrous. They barely understood the multitude of idolatrous superstitions, festivals, and sacrifices that are contained in it. So they called this count “the calendar of the Indians,” not understanding that this count does not amount to a whole year, because it has no more than two hundred sixty days in its cycle and then returns to its beginning; so it cannot be a calendar, nor could it ever have been, because the calendar, as has been mentioned and depicted at the beginning of the second book, contains all the days and festivals of the year. This is ignored by those who argue that this divinatory art is a calendar. And it was truly extreme negligence and guilty ignorance to have praised by word of mouth or by the written word something so evil and full of idolatry. The zeal for the truth and for the Catholic faith compels me to present here the very words of a treatise that a friar wrote in praise of this divinatory art, saying that it is a calendar, so that if anyone should ever happen to see it, this person should know that it is a very harmful thing for our holy Catholic faith; and it should be burned and destroyed. Here follows the introduction to the above-mentioned treatise:\n\n#### Introduction and exposition, newly obtained, of the calendar of the Indians of Anahuac, that is, of New Spain\n\nThe Indians count their days, weeks, months, years, olympiads,[^56] five-year periods, indictions,[^57] and hebdomads by means of the wheels reproduced above, beginning their year with our own, at the beginning of January. And the ways of counting time that all nations have had are found in it. And as observed, the Indians who composed [the wheels] and knew them well certainly showed themselves to be natural philosophers. They only missed the leap year, but this also happened to the great philosopher Aristotle and his teacher Plato, as well as to many other learned people who were never able to devise [this knowledge]. And it should be known that there is nothing idolatrous in this calendar. And it is praiseworthy for many reasons, but it will \n\n\n[^56]: “Olympiads”: that is, four-year periods.\n\n[^57]: “Indictions”: that is, fifteen-year cycles.","html":"mentioned above, which are Reed, Flint, House, [and] Rabbit, through which they counted the hebdomad of their years, which are fifty-two. This count, which is a very harmful, superstitious count, and full of idolatry, as can be seen in this fourth book, is greatly praised by some people who say that it was very ingenious and completely blameless. They said this because they do not understand what the purpose of this count is, which is very evil and idolatrous. They barely understood the multitude of idolatrous superstitions, festivals, and sacrifices that are contained in it. So they called this count “the calendar of the Indians,” not understanding that this count does not amount to a whole year, because it has no more than two hundred sixty days in its cycle and then returns to its beginning; so it cannot be a calendar, nor could it ever have been, because the calendar, as has been mentioned and depicted at the beginning of the second book, contains all the days and festivals of the year. This is ignored by those who argue that this divinatory art is a calendar. And it was truly extreme negligence and guilty ignorance to have praised by word of mouth or by the written word something so evil and full of idolatry. The zeal for the truth and for the Catholic faith compels me to present here the very words of a treatise that a friar wrote in praise of this divinatory art, saying that it is a calendar, so that if anyone should ever happen to see it, this person should know that it is a very harmful thing for our holy Catholic faith; and it should be burned and destroyed. Here follows the introduction to the above-mentioned treatise:
\nThe Indians count their days, weeks, months, years, olympiads,1 five-year periods, indictions,2 and hebdomads by means of the wheels reproduced above, beginning their year with our own, at the beginning of January. And the ways of counting time that all nations have had are found in it. And as observed, the Indians who composed [the wheels] and knew them well certainly showed themselves to be natural philosophers. They only missed the leap year, but this also happened to the great philosopher Aristotle and his teacher Plato, as well as to many other learned people who were never able to devise [this knowledge]. And it should be known that there is nothing idolatrous in this calendar. And it is praiseworthy for many reasons, but it will
\nmentioned above, which are Reed, Flint Knife, House, and Rabbit, by which they counted the hebdomad of their years, which is fifty-two.
\nThis very pernicious count, superstitious, and full of idolatry, as is to be seen in this Fourth Book, some praise highly, saying that it was very ingenious and contained no blemish. This they said because they did not understand for what purpose this count, which is very evil and idolatrous, was established. Little did they appreciate the multitude of superstitions, feasts, and idolatrous sacrifices involved in it. And they called this count the calendar of the Indians, not understanding that this count doth not extend through all of the year; because it hath only two hundred and sixty days in its round, and then cometh back to its beginning. And so it cannot be and never was a calendar; for the calendar, as hath been said, is represented in the opening of the Second Book, and containeth all the days of the year, and [all] the feasts of the year. And this they who say that this soothsaying art is a calendar, do not know. And surely it was great carelessness and culpable ignorance to praise by word of mouth and in writing something so evil and full of idolatry.
\nThe zeal for truth and for the Catholic Faith compels me to place here the very words of a treatise which a member of one of the religious Orders wrote in praise of this art of soothsaying, declaring that it is a calendar; so that wherever one may see it, he may know that it is something very pernicious to our holy Catholic Faith; and it may be destroyed and burned.
\nThe following is the introduction of the afore-mentioned treatise.
\nBy means of the wheels reproduced above, the Indians count their days, weeks, months, years, olympiads, five-year periods, indictions, and hebdomads, starting their year, like ours, with the beginning of January. In [their system] are found the means of reckoning time which all nations have had. And as is seen, the Indians who established and knew it well certainly showed themselves to be natural philosophers. They were at fault only as to the leap year.
\nBut this was the case also as to the great philosopher Aristotle and his teacher Plato, and many other wise men who did not attain [knowledge of] it. And it should be known that in this calendar there is nothing idolatrous; and this is praiseworthy for many reasons,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"13b574a4-104f-4017-9c21-e59ede87ac9f","choice":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"de que arriba se hizo mencion, que es caña, pedernal, casa, conejo, por donde contauan la hebdomada de sus años, que son cincuenta y dos. \n\nEsta cuenta muy perjudicial, y muy supersticiosa, y muy llena de idolatria, como parece en este libro quarto, algunos la alaban mucho: diziendo, que era muy ingenjosa y que njnguna macula tenja, esto dixerõ por no entender a que fin se endereza, esta cuenta el qual es muy malo ydolatrico de poco entendieron la muchedumbre de supersticiones y fiestas y sacrificios idolatricos, que en ella se contienen, y llamaron a esta cuenta, el calendario de los indios: no entendiendo que esta cuenta no alcança a todo el año, porque no tiene mas doseientos y sesenta dias de circulo, y luego torna a su principio, y ansi no poede ser calendario y nj nunca lo fue, porque el calendario, como esta dicho, y esta pintado, en el principio del segundo libro, contiene todos los dias del año, y las fiestas del año: y esto ignoraron los que dizen que esta arte adiujnatoria es calendario: y cierto fue grande inaduertencia, y culpable ignorancia loar por palabra, y por escrito vna cosa tan mala y tan llena de idolatria. \n\nEl zelo de la verdad, y de la fe catholica, me compele a poner aquj, las mjsmas palabras de vn tratado, que vn religioso escriujo en loor desta arte adiujnatoria; diziendo que es calendario, para que dondequjera que alguno le viere, sepa que es cosa muy perjudicial, a nuestra sancta fe catholica, y sea destruydo, y quemado.\n\nSiguese la introducion del tractado sobredicho.\n\n##### Introducion, i declaracion nueuamente sacada, que es el calendario de los indios de Anaoac, esto es de la nueua españa.\n\nPor las ruedas aquj antepoestas, cuentan los indios sus dias, semanas, meses, años, olimpiadas lustros indiciones, y hebdomadas: començando su año, con el nuestro desde el principio de henero: en la qual se hallan las maneras de contar los tiempos que tuujeron todas las naciones, y segun parece los indiosque la composieron, y sabian bien, ciertamente se mostraron philosophos naturales, solamente faltaronen el bixesto: pero tambien paso el gran philosopho Aristotiles, y su maestro platon, y otros muchos sabios que no lo alcançaro. Y es de saber, que en este calendario, no ay cosa de idolatria: y estos se poeded e alabar, por muchas razones,","html":"de que arriba se hizo mencion, que es caña, pedernal, casa, conejo, por donde contauan la hebdomada de sus años, que son cincuenta y dos.
\nEsta cuenta muy perjudicial, y muy supersticiosa, y muy llena de idolatria, como parece en este libro quarto, algunos la alaban mucho: diziendo, que era muy ingenjosa y que njnguna macula tenja, esto dixerõ por no entender a que fin se endereza, esta cuenta el qual es muy malo ydolatrico de poco entendieron la muchedumbre de supersticiones y fiestas y sacrificios idolatricos, que en ella se contienen, y llamaron a esta cuenta, el calendario de los indios: no entendiendo que esta cuenta no alcança a todo el año, porque no tiene mas doseientos y sesenta dias de circulo, y luego torna a su principio, y ansi no poede ser calendario y nj nunca lo fue, porque el calendario, como esta dicho, y esta pintado, en el principio del segundo libro, contiene todos los dias del año, y las fiestas del año: y esto ignoraron los que dizen que esta arte adiujnatoria es calendario: y cierto fue grande inaduertencia, y culpable ignorancia loar por palabra, y por escrito vna cosa tan mala y tan llena de idolatria.
\nEl zelo de la verdad, y de la fe catholica, me compele a poner aquj, las mjsmas palabras de vn tratado, que vn religioso escriujo en loor desta arte adiujnatoria; diziendo que es calendario, para que dondequjera que alguno le viere, sepa que es cosa muy perjudicial, a nuestra sancta fe catholica, y sea destruydo, y quemado.
\nSiguese la introducion del tractado sobredicho.
\nPor las ruedas aquj antepoestas, cuentan los indios sus dias, semanas, meses, años, olimpiadas lustros indiciones, y hebdomadas: començando su año, con el nuestro desde el principio de henero: en la qual se hallan las maneras de contar los tiempos que tuujeron todas las naciones, y segun parece los indiosque la composieron, y sabian bien, ciertamente se mostraron philosophos naturales, solamente faltaronen el bixesto: pero tambien paso el gran philosopho Aristotiles, y su maestro platon, y otros muchos sabios que no lo alcançaro. Y es de saber, que en este calendario, no ay cosa de idolatria: y estos se poeded e alabar, por muchas razones,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"77r"}