[sátra]pas y todos los ministros de los ídolos, y mucha de la otra gente popular, porque es cosa fácil y toca a todos. Empero, la cuenta de la arte adivinatoria a la cual falsamente llama calendario, es cuenta por sí, porque su fin se endereza a adivinar las condiciones y sucesos de los que nacen en cada signo o carácter. Esta cuenta sabíanla solamente los adivinos y los que tenían habilidad para deprenderla, porque contiene muchas dificultades y obscuridades. Y a estos que sabían esta cuenta llamábanlos tonalpouhque, y teníanlos en mucho, y honrábanlos mucho. Teníanlos como profetas y sabidores de las cosas futuras. Y ansí, acudían a ellos en muchas cosas, como antiguamente los hijos de Israel acudían a los profetas. Dice este que los meses son veinte en un año, y no es verdad, porque no son más de deciocho. Dice ansimismo que las semanas son de trece días, y no es verdad, porque no son más de a cinco días, y ansí son cuatro semanas, o por mejor decir quintanas, en un mes. Los trece días a que falsamente llama semana no son sino el número de días que reinaba cada uno de los veinte caracteres desta arte adivinatoria, como está claro en el Cuarto Libro precedente que tracta desta arte adivinatoria.
\nSíguese la tabla y manera de contar que tenían los adivinos en esta arte.
\nEsta tabla que está frontera, amigo lector, es la cuenta de los caracteres o signos de que en este Cuarto Libro habemos tractado, la cual procede por esta orden, que primeramente se ponen veinte caracteres, y junto a ellos sus nombres, y después dellos se ponen los días en que reinan por cifras del alguarismo, y comienza uno, dos, tres, etcétera. El carácter donde está junto el uno o frontero dél es el que reina aquellos trece días, y comiénzase a contar desde arriba hacia abaxo, y llegando a trece luego vuelve a uno, y el carácter enfrente de quien está aquel uno es el que reina los trece días que se siguen. Y ansí de todos los demás
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"4959edeb-b17c-45e2-85b8-ae26ac545c81","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and all the ministers of the idols were acquainted with it, as well as many common people, because it is an easy matter that concerns everyone. However, the count of the divinatory art, which he falsely calls a “calendar,” is a count in its own right because its purpose is to foretell the circumstances and events [that befall] those born under each sign or character. Only the fortune-tellers and those who had the ability to learn it knew this count, for it contains many difficulties and obscurities. And they called those who knew this count _tonalpouhqueh_, and they greatly esteemed and honored them. They considered them to be prophets and those who know future things. And so they would consult them about many things, just as in antiquity the children of Israel would consult the prophets. This [writer] says that there are twenty months in a year, and this is not true, because these are no more than eighteen. He also says that the weeks are made up of thirteen days, and this is not true, because they do not have more than five days; so there are four weeks, or rather _quintanas_, in one month. The thirteen days that he falsely calls _semana_ are nothing but the number of days ruled by each of the twenty characters of this divinatory art, as is made clear in the preceding fourth book, which deals with this divinatory art.\n\nHere follows the chart and the way of counting that the fortune-tellers had in [performing] this art.\n\n## To the reader\n\nThis chart before you, friendly reader, is the count of the characters or signs that we have discussed in this fourth book, and it proceeds in this order: First, twenty characters are displayed, with their names next to them. And after them, the days over which they rule are displayed according to the numbers of their algorithm; and it begins: one, two, three, et cetera. The character that is next to the [number] one or facing it rules over those thirteen days, and the counting begins from top to bottom. Upon reaching thirteen, it then returns to [the number] one, and the character in front of which that number one stands rules during the following thirteen days. And so on with all the other","html":"and all the ministers of the idols were acquainted with it, as well as many common people, because it is an easy matter that concerns everyone. However, the count of the divinatory art, which he falsely calls a “calendar,” is a count in its own right because its purpose is to foretell the circumstances and events [that befall] those born under each sign or character. Only the fortune-tellers and those who had the ability to learn it knew this count, for it contains many difficulties and obscurities. And they called those who knew this count tonalpouhqueh, and they greatly esteemed and honored them. They considered them to be prophets and those who know future things. And so they would consult them about many things, just as in antiquity the children of Israel would consult the prophets. This [writer] says that there are twenty months in a year, and this is not true, because these are no more than eighteen. He also says that the weeks are made up of thirteen days, and this is not true, because they do not have more than five days; so there are four weeks, or rather quintanas, in one month. The thirteen days that he falsely calls semana are nothing but the number of days ruled by each of the twenty characters of this divinatory art, as is made clear in the preceding fourth book, which deals with this divinatory art.
\nHere follows the chart and the way of counting that the fortune-tellers had in [performing] this art.
\nThis chart before you, friendly reader, is the count of the characters or signs that we have discussed in this fourth book, and it proceeds in this order: First, twenty characters are displayed, with their names next to them. And after them, the days over which they rule are displayed according to the numbers of their algorithm; and it begins: one, two, three, et cetera. The character that is next to the [number] one or facing it rules over those thirteen days, and the counting begins from top to bottom. Upon reaching thirteen, it then returns to [the number] one, and the character in front of which that number one stands rules during the following thirteen days. And so on with all the other
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}},{"id":"e949d020-978e-4899-8d31-2b565ca28dfa","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"and servants of the idols knew it, as well as many of the populace, because it is a simple matter which toucheth all. But the count of the soothsaying art, which he wrongly calleth a calendar, is a particular kind of count, because its purpose was established to foretell circumstances and events to befall those born under each sign or character. This count only the soothsayers and those who had the skill to learn it, knew; because it containeth many difficulties and obscurities. Those who knew this count they called _tonalpouhque;_ they esteemed and honored them greatly. They considered them to be prophets and knowers of future things. Hence they depended upon them for many things, as in days of old the sons of Israel depended upon the prophets.\n\nThis [author] saith that the months are twenty in a year. This is not true, for there are only eighteen. Likewise he saith that the weeks are of thirteen days and this is not true, for they are of only five days, so that there are four weeks or rather five-day periods in a month. The thirteen days which he wrongly calleth a week are only the number of days in which each of the twenty characters in this soothsaying art reigned, as is made clear in the preceding Fourth Book, which dealeth with this soothsaying art.\n\nThe chart and [explanation of] the manner of counting used by the soothsayers for this art, now follow.\n\n## To the reader\n\nThis chart[^3] before the friendly reader is the count of the characters or signs with which we have dealt in this Fourth Book. It proceedeth in this order. First are placed twenty characters, and by them their names; and after them are placed the days over which they reign, in numerical notation; and it beggineth one, two, three, etc. The character by or facing the number one reigneth over those thirteen days [beginning with it], and the counting is started from above to below. Reaching thirteen, one then returneth to the number one, and the character before which that number one standeth, reigneth during the thirteen following days. And so with all the remaining \n\n\n\n\n[^3]: See Plate 102.","html":"and servants of the idols knew it, as well as many of the populace, because it is a simple matter which toucheth all. But the count of the soothsaying art, which he wrongly calleth a calendar, is a particular kind of count, because its purpose was established to foretell circumstances and events to befall those born under each sign or character. This count only the soothsayers and those who had the skill to learn it, knew; because it containeth many difficulties and obscurities. Those who knew this count they called tonalpouhque; they esteemed and honored them greatly. They considered them to be prophets and knowers of future things. Hence they depended upon them for many things, as in days of old the sons of Israel depended upon the prophets.
\nThis [author] saith that the months are twenty in a year. This is not true, for there are only eighteen. Likewise he saith that the weeks are of thirteen days and this is not true, for they are of only five days, so that there are four weeks or rather five-day periods in a month. The thirteen days which he wrongly calleth a week are only the number of days in which each of the twenty characters in this soothsaying art reigned, as is made clear in the preceding Fourth Book, which dealeth with this soothsaying art.
\nThe chart and [explanation of] the manner of counting used by the soothsayers for this art, now follow.
\nThis chart1 before the friendly reader is the count of the characters or signs with which we have dealt in this Fourth Book. It proceedeth in this order. First are placed twenty characters, and by them their names; and after them are placed the days over which they reign, in numerical notation; and it beggineth one, two, three, etc. The character by or facing the number one reigneth over those thirteen days [beginning with it], and the counting is started from above to below. Reaching thirteen, one then returneth to the number one, and the character before which that number one standeth, reigneth during the thirteen following days. And so with all the remaining
\nSee Plate 102.↩
y todos los mjnjstros de los idolos, y mucha de la otra gente popular, porque es cosa facil, y toca a todos. Empero la cuenta de la arte adiujnatoria, a la qual falsamente llama calendario, es cuenta por si, porque su fin, se endereza a adiujnar las condiciones, y sucessos de los que nacen en cada signo, o caracter; esta cuenta sabianla solamẽte los adiujnos, y los que tenian abilidad, para deprenderla porque contiene muchas dificultades, y obscuridades: y a estos que sabia esta cuenta, llamauanlos Tonalpouhque y tenjanlos en mucho y honrauanlos mucho: tenjanlos como prophetas, y sabidores de las cosas futuras, y ansi acudian a ellos, en muchas cosas, como antiguamente los hijos de Israel, acudian a los prophetas,
\ndize este; que los meses, son viente en vn año, y no es verdad, porque no son mas de deziocho: dize ansimjsmo que las semanas, son de treze dias, y no es verdad: porque no son mas de a cinco dias, y ansi son quatro semanas o por mejor dezir qujntanas en vn mes: los treze dias, a que falsamente llama semana, no son, sino el numero de dias, que reynaua cada vno de los veinte caracteres, desta arte adiujnatona, como esta claro, en el quarto libro precedente, que tracta desta arte adiujnatoria.
\nSigese la tabla y manera de contar que tenjan los adiujnos en esta arte.
\nEsta tabla, que esta frontera Amigo lector, es la cuenta de los caracteres, o signos de que en este quarto libro auemos tractado, la qual procede por esta orden, que primeramente se ponen viente caracteres, y junto a ellos sus nombres, y despues dellos se ponen los dias, en que reinan por cifras del alguansmo: y comjença, vno, dos, tres, &c. El caracter donde esta junto el vno o frontero del, es el que reina aquellos treze dias, y comjençase a contar desde arriba hazia abaxo: y llegando a treze luego buelue a vno, y el caracter en frente de qujen esta aquel vno, es el que reina los treze dias que se siguen: y ansi de todos los demas
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Español por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"78v"}