cervales, y osos, y también de ciervos, adobado el cuero. También unos asentaderuelos pequeños cuadrados y de altor de una mano con su pulgada, o un palmo, que llaman tolicpalli. Los aforraban con estos mesmos pellejos dichos para asentamiento de los señores.
\nTambién usaban por estrados sobre que estaban los asentamientos de los mesmos pellejos ya dichos tendidos. Usaban también por estrados unos petates muy pintados y muy curiosos, que se llaman alahuacapétlatl. También usaban de hamacas hechas de red para llevarse a donde querían ir, como en litera. También usaban de los icpales arriba dichos, pintados, sin pellejo ninguno.
\nUsaban los señores en la guerra un casquete de plumas muy coloradas, que se llaman tlauhquéchol, con oro, y al rededor del casquete una corona de plumas ricas, y del medio de la corona salía un manojo de plumas ricas que se llaman quetzal, como penachos. Y colgaba deste plumaje, hacia las espaldas, un atambor pequeñuelo, puesto en una escaleruela como para llevar carga. Y todo esto era dorado. Llevaba un cosete de pluma bermeja que le llegaba hasta los medias muslos, todo sembrado de caracolitos de oro. Y llevaba unas faldetas de pluma rica. Llevaba una rodela con un círculo de oro por toda la orilla, y el campo de la orilla era de pluma rica colorada, verde o azul, etcétera, y de la parte de abaxo, del medio abaxo por la circunferencia, llevaba colgados unos rapa[cejos]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"433a741b-46a7-4bd1-aaee-89090b186192","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"servals, and bears, and also with tanned deer hide. There were also some small seats, little and square shaped, as tall as one hand plus an inch—or one hand span—which they call _tolicpalli_. They would upholster these [seats] with the same skins mentioned above so they could function as the lords’ seats. They would also spread out these same skins to serve as a dais on which to place the seats. They would also use as a dais some very curiously painted _petates_ called _alahuacapetlatl_. They would also use hammocks made of netting to carry them wherever they wanted to go, as if on a litter. They would also use the _icpales_[^38] mentioned above, which were painted and not covered with any skin.\n\n#### Chapter twelve: On the adornments that the lords used in battle\n\nIn battle, the lords would use a headdress made of deep-red feathers that are called _tlauhquechol_, with gold and a crown of valuable feathers ringing the headdress. And from the middle of the crown, a handful of rich feathers that they call _quetzal_[^39] protruded, like crests. And a tiny drum placed on a sort of frame,[^40] like the ones that are used to carry loads, hung from this plumage toward his back. And all of this was golden. [The lord] would wear a sewn shirt[^41] made of vermilion feathers that reached down to the middle of his thighs; all this would be scattered with small gold snail shells. And he would wear some skirts made of valuable feathers. He would carry a shield with a circle of gold all around the edges, and the field of the edges was made of valuable feathers that were red, green, or blue, et cetera. And it had some fringes \n\n\n[^38]: _icpales_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _icpalli_ (chair, seat).\n\n[^39]: _quetzal_: that is, the green feather(s), not the bird.\n\n[^40]: “Sort of frame”: _escaleruela_ (ladder-type object). _Cacaxtli_ was the Nahuatl word for the carrying frame that Sahagún is describing here.\n\n[^41]: “Sewn shirt”: _cosete_ (a sewn thing).","html":"servals, and bears, and also with tanned deer hide. There were also some small seats, little and square shaped, as tall as one hand plus an inch—or one hand span—which they call tolicpalli. They would upholster these [seats] with the same skins mentioned above so they could function as the lords’ seats. They would also spread out these same skins to serve as a dais on which to place the seats. They would also use as a dais some very curiously painted petates called alahuacapetlatl. They would also use hammocks made of netting to carry them wherever they wanted to go, as if on a litter. They would also use the icpales1 mentioned above, which were painted and not covered with any skin.
\nIn battle, the lords would use a headdress made of deep-red feathers that are called tlauhquechol, with gold and a crown of valuable feathers ringing the headdress. And from the middle of the crown, a handful of rich feathers that they call quetzal2 protruded, like crests. And a tiny drum placed on a sort of frame,3 like the ones that are used to carry loads, hung from this plumage toward his back. And all of this was golden. [The lord] would wear a sewn shirt4 made of vermilion feathers that reached down to the middle of his thighs; all this would be scattered with small gold snail shells. And he would wear some skirts made of valuable feathers. He would carry a shield with a circle of gold all around the edges, and the field of the edges was made of valuable feathers that were red, green, or blue, et cetera. And it had some fringes
\nicpales: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word icpalli (chair, seat).↩
quetzal: that is, the green feather(s), not the bird.↩
“Sort of frame”: escaleruela (ladder-type object). Cacaxtli was the Nahuatl word for the carrying frame that Sahagún is describing here.↩
“Sewn shirt”: cosete (a sewn thing).↩
[cuetlaxic]palli, ocotocheoaicpalli, coioeoaicpalli,
\noçeloeoapepechtli, mjçeoapepechtli, ocotocheoapepechtli, coioeoapepechtli, cochizmatlatl alaoacapetlatl, tlatlacujlolli, tepotzoicpalli tlacujlolli, tzinjcpalli tlacujlolli.
\nTlauhquecholtzontli tlaçotlanquj coztic teucujtlaio: cenca mjiec in quetzalli icuecuetlacacaio: iujcal in tlamamalli, veuetl in colotli tlachiuhtli, coztic teucujtlaio:
\nauh in iehoatl commaquja tlatlauhquj, tlauhquecholiujtl injc tlachiuhtli: coztic teucujtlatl in jtetecpaio, auh in jtzapocue mochiuhtoc çan moch quetzalli.
\nChimalli, coztic teucujtlatl, in tlatzotzontli imanaoaio, tlaçoiujtl in jtentlapilollo muchiuhtoc,
\nchalchiuhcozcatl, tlacenqujxtilli in ololiuhquj, in veuej,
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"294e2ccb-c050-49ce-a575-1da739e07721","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"the cured leather seat, the mountain cat[^1] skin seat, the coyote skin seat.\n\nThe ocelot skin mat[^2] the mountain lion skin mat, the mountain cat skin mat, the coyote skin mat, the hammock, smooth reed mats[^3] elaborately painted with designs; seats with backs, painted with designs; low seats painted with designs.\n\n\n#### Twelfth Chapter, in which it is told how the rulers were arrayed whom they sent to the wars.\n\nThe costly red spoonbill headdress set off with gold, having very many quetzal feathers flaring [from it], and with it, borne upon his back, the skin drum upon a carrying frame, and decorated with gold.\n\nAnd they dressed him in a red shirt, made of red spoonbill feathers [decorated with] flint knives[^1] [fashioned of] gold; and his *sapote* leaf skirt was made all of quetzal feathers.\n\nThe shield was ringed with thin gold, and its pendants were made of precious feathers.[^2]\n\n[He had] a green stone necklace of round, large, \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: Cf. Sahagún, *op. cit*., III, p. 153.\n\n\n[^2]: *Pepechtli:* cf. corresponding Spanish text.\n\n\n[^3]: *Alauacapetlatl:* corresponding Spanish text—*”vnos petates muy pintados y muy curiosos.”*\n\n\n[^1]: *Tetecpaio:* the corresponding Spanish text refers to *rayos de oro* where our translation uses “flint knives.” The shape of the *rayo* is similar to that of a knife. Cf. also Siméon, *op. cit*., and Seler, *op. cit*., II, p. 594, where *Steinmesser* is used consistently.\n\n\n[^2]: The *Real Academia de la Historia MS* follows *muchiuhtoc* with *ça muchi quetzalli yn iacachapollo mochiuhtoc*—pure quetzal feathers, to which small grasshoppers [of gold] are added at the points.","html":"the cured leather seat, the mountain cat1 skin seat, the coyote skin seat.
\nThe ocelot skin mat2 the mountain lion skin mat, the mountain cat skin mat, the coyote skin mat, the hammock, smooth reed mats3 elaborately painted with designs; seats with backs, painted with designs; low seats painted with designs.
\nThe costly red spoonbill headdress set off with gold, having very many quetzal feathers flaring [from it], and with it, borne upon his back, the skin drum upon a carrying frame, and decorated with gold.
\nAnd they dressed him in a red shirt, made of red spoonbill feathers [decorated with] flint knives1 [fashioned of] gold; and his sapote leaf skirt was made all of quetzal feathers.
\nThe shield was ringed with thin gold, and its pendants were made of precious feathers.2
\n[He had] a green stone necklace of round, large,
\n