[bru]xaca, que se llama chitatli, en que se guardaban otras xícaras ya dichas. Usaban también unas xícaras agujeradas para colar el cacao. Usaban también guardar unas xícaras más grandes en que se alzaba el cacao. Usaban también guardar unas xícaras pintadas, también grandes, para lavar las manos. Usaban también unas grandecillas xícaras que ellos llaman tzohuacalli tlayoaloni, quiere decir "xícaras pintadas con ricas pinturas con que se bebía mazamorra". Usaban también guardar unos cestillos que se llaman tlacualchiquíhuitl, en que se ponían las tortillas. Usaban también tener unas escudillas que se llaman molcáxitl con que se bebían potaxes. Usaban también tener unas salseras que se llaman petzcáxitl. Usaban también tener unas escudillas de madera que se llaman cuauhcáxitl.
\nEl palacio de los señores o casas reales tenían muchas salas. La primera se llamaba tlacxitlan; quiere decir "sala de la judicatura", donde residían el rey y los señores cónsules o oidores y principales nobles, oyendo las cosas criminales, como pleitos y peticiones de la gente popular. Y allí juzgaban o sentenciaban a los criminosos a pena de muerte, ahorcar o apedrear, o achocarlos con palos, de manera que los señores usaban a dar muchas maneras de muerte por justicia. Y también allí juzgaban a los principales nobles o cónsules cuando caían en algún crimen. Condenábanlos a muerte o a destierro, o a ser trasquilados, o le hacían macegual, o le desterraban perpetuamente del palacio, o echábanlos presos en unas jaulas recias y grandes. También allí los señores libertaban a los esclavos injustamente hechos.
\nEn tiempo de Motecuzoma hubo muy gran hambre, por espacio de dos años, por lo cual los principales vendieron muchos, ansí sus
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"d6c13310-41a2-4079-9f15-395b10aff732","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"purses, called _chitahtli_, where the other _jícaras_ already mentioned would be kept. They would also use some perforated _jícaras_ to strain the cacao. They also used to keep some larger _jícaras_ for lifting the cacao.[^58] They also used to keep some painted _jícaras_—also large—for washing their hands. They would also use some rather big _jícaras_ called _tzohuacalli tlayoaloni_, which means “_jícaras_ painted with rich colors used for drinking maize porridge.” They also used to keep some small baskets called _tlacualchiquihuitl_, in which the tortillas were placed. They also used to have some bowls called _molcaxitl_ that were used for drinking vegetable stews. They also used to have some salsa bowls called _petzcaxitl_.[^59] They also used to have some wooden bowls called _cuauhcaxitl_.\n\n#### Chapter 14: On the types of royal houses\n\n##### First paragraph: On the criminal-justice court\n\nThe palace of the lords or royal houses had many halls. The first was called Tlacxitlan, which means “judicial hall,” where the king, lord consuls or judges, and head nobles would reside while they heard criminal matters, such as lawsuits and petitions from the common people. And this is where they would judge the criminals or sentence them to the death penalty, either by hanging, stoning, or beating them with clubs; thus the lords used to mete out many kinds of death as justice. And this is also where they would judge the head nobles or consuls when they committed some crime. They would condemn them to death, banishment, having their hair shorn off, or turning them into a _macehual_;[^60] or they would banish them from the palace forever or throw them in some large, sturdy jail cells. This is also where the lords would free those who had wrongly been made slaves.\n\nDuring the Moteuczoma’s time, there was a great famine for a period of two years, and because of this, the nobles sold many people, including their own \n\n\n[^58]: The lifting and pouring of the cacao is illustrated in the manuscript at bk. 10, chap. 26, fol. 69v and on fol. 3r of the Códice Tudela.\n\n[^59]: _petzcaxitl_: This should probably read _patzcaxitl_ instead.\n\n[^60]: That is, they would revoke their noble privileges and turn them into commoners again.","html":"purses, called chitahtli, where the other jícaras already mentioned would be kept. They would also use some perforated jícaras to strain the cacao. They also used to keep some larger jícaras for lifting the cacao.1 They also used to keep some painted jícaras—also large—for washing their hands. They would also use some rather big jícaras called tzohuacalli tlayoaloni, which means “jícaras painted with rich colors used for drinking maize porridge.” They also used to keep some small baskets called tlacualchiquihuitl, in which the tortillas were placed. They also used to have some bowls called molcaxitl that were used for drinking vegetable stews. They also used to have some salsa bowls called petzcaxitl.2 They also used to have some wooden bowls called cuauhcaxitl.
\nThe palace of the lords or royal houses had many halls. The first was called Tlacxitlan, which means “judicial hall,” where the king, lord consuls or judges, and head nobles would reside while they heard criminal matters, such as lawsuits and petitions from the common people. And this is where they would judge the criminals or sentence them to the death penalty, either by hanging, stoning, or beating them with clubs; thus the lords used to mete out many kinds of death as justice. And this is also where they would judge the head nobles or consuls when they committed some crime. They would condemn them to death, banishment, having their hair shorn off, or turning them into a macehual;3 or they would banish them from the palace forever or throw them in some large, sturdy jail cells. This is also where the lords would free those who had wrongly been made slaves.
\nDuring the Moteuczoma’s time, there was a great famine for a period of two years, and because of this, the nobles sold many people, including their own
\nInjc ce parrapho ipan mjtoa in vncã tlatoloia, in audiençia in jquac itla itlacauija, in aqujque tlatlacoa, vncan qujntlatzontequjliaia.
\nTlacxitlan, vncan catca tlatoque tlaçopipilti, tecutlatoque: in jxqujch tlamantli in jneteilhujl cujtlapilli atlapalli maçeoalli: vnca qujcaqujliaia, vncan qujtlatzontequjliaia; ioan ixqujch tlamantli mjqujztli vncan qujtzontequja aço aca quimecanjzque, anoço aca qujtetepachozque, anoço aca quauhtica mjqujz qujujujtequjzque, anoço aca pilli, anoço tecutlato, ximaloz, totocoz, callaliloz, ma[ceoalcuepaloz,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"f811aa72-26fa-412a-b4ae-9ba68af73e0d","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"#### Fourteenth Chapter: here are described the palace and the houses of the lords: how were kept the houses of the lords [and] the great palace where the ruler dwelt; [how] all the lords[^1] were disposed there, and there were determined the tributes or warfare; and in that place there was eating and drinking when the ruler assembled the people there.\n\nFirst paragraph, in which is described the court of justice, the high court, [in which], when something was harmed, when some did evil, there they passed judgment on them.\n\nTlacxitlan:[^2] there were the rulers, the princes, and the high judges. All the complaints of the lower classes and common folk they there heard and judged. And all death [sentences] they there meted out; either they would strangle one with a cord, or stone him to death, or slay him under wooden staves,[^3] beaten; or some nobleman or judge was to be shaven [as a disgrace], or driven [out of the land], or confined, \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: Cf. Sahagún, *op. cit*., III, pp. 22–23: *”Este nombre, tlácatl, quiere decir, persona noble, generosa o magnífica… . Y los compuestos de *tlácatl * que se componen con nombres numerales, significan persona común, como diciendo* ce tlácatl, *una persona hombre, o mujer.”* Also cf. Leonhard Schultze Jena: *Gliederung des Alt-Aztekischen Volks in Familie, Stand und Beruf, aus dem Aztekischen Urtext Bernardino de Sahagún’s* (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1952), p. 32.\n\n\n[^2]: Clark, *op. cit*., I, p. 97, defines the term as the highest criminal court, meaning “those placed below, at the feet.”\n\n\n[^3]: See Pl. 66.","html":"First paragraph, in which is described the court of justice, the high court, [in which], when something was harmed, when some did evil, there they passed judgment on them.
\nTlacxitlan:2 there were the rulers, the princes, and the high judges. All the complaints of the lower classes and common folk they there heard and judged. And all death [sentences] they there meted out; either they would strangle one with a cord, or stone him to death, or slay him under wooden staves,3 beaten; or some nobleman or judge was to be shaven [as a disgrace], or driven [out of the land], or confined,
\nCf. Sahagún, op. cit., III, pp. 22–23: ”Este nombre, tlácatl, quiere decir, persona noble, generosa o magnífica… . Y los compuestos de *tlácatl * que se componen con nombres numerales, significan persona común, como diciendo ce tlácatl, una persona hombre, o mujer.” Also cf. Leonhard Schultze Jena: Gliederung des Alt-Aztekischen Volks in Familie, Stand und Beruf, aus dem Aztekischen Urtext Bernardino de Sahagún’s (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1952), p. 32.↩
Clark, op. cit., I, p. 97, defines the term as the highest criminal court, meaning “those placed below, at the feet.”↩
See Pl. 66.↩