Otra sala del palacio se llamaba teccalli o teccalco. En este lugar residían los senadores y los ancianos a oír pleitos y peticiones que les ofrecían la gente popular. Y los jueces procuraban de hacer su oficio con mucha prudencia y sagacidad, y presto los despachaban; porque primeramente demandaban la pintura en que estaban escritas o pintadas las causas como hacienda, o casas, o maizales, y después, cuando ya se quería acabar el pleito, buscaban los senadores los testigos para que se afirmasen en lo que habían visto o oído. Con esto se acababan los pleitos. Y si oía el señor que los jueces o senadores que tenían de juzgar dilataban mucho sin razón los pleitos de las gentes populares que pudieran acabar presto, los dilataban por muchos días por amor de los cohechos o paga, o por amor de los parentescos, luego el señor mandaba que les echasen presos en unas jaulas grandes hasta que fuesen sentenciados a muerte. Y por esto los senadores o jueces estaban muy recatados o avisados en su oficio.
\nEn el tiempo de Motecuzuma echaron presos muchos senadores o jueces en unas jaulas grandes, a cada uno por sí, y después fueron sentenciados a muerte porque dieron relación a Motecuzuma que estos jueces no hacían justicia derecha o justa, sino injustamente la hacían, y por eso fueron muertos. Y eran estos que luego se nombran: el primero se llamaba Mixcoatlailótlac; el segundo, Teicnotlamachtli; el tercero, Tlacuchcálcatl; el cuarto, Iztlacamizcoatlailótlac; el quinto, Umaca; el sexto,
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"76a766fd-c637-4d3f-9651-ff485cc54bd9","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"Another hall in the palace was called Teccalli or Teccalco. The senators and the elders would reside in this place to hear lawsuits and petitions that the common people would submit to them. And the judges would take care to perform their office with much prudence and wisdom; and they would promptly reach their resolutions, because they would first ask for the painting on which the cases had been written or painted, such as [those related to] property, houses, or maize fields. And later, when they were ready to conclude the process, the senators would look for witnesses to testify what they had seen or heard. And the lawsuits would thus be concluded. And if the lord heard that the judges or the senators appointed to judge were unreasonably delaying the lawsuits of the common people—which could otherwise be promptly resolved—or that they were delaying them for many days for the sake of receiving bribes or payments, or because they were related [to those involved], the lord would then order them to be jailed inside some large [wooden] cages until they were sentenced to death. And this is why the senators or judges would always be very circumspect and attentive in performing their office.\n\nDuring the Moteuczoma’s time, they imprisoned many senators or judges in some large cages, each one by himself. And they were later condemned to death because they notified Moteuczoma that these judges were not administering just or right justice but were doing so unjustly; and this is why they were killed. And they were the ones named here: the first one was named Mixcoatlailotlac; the second, Teicnotlamachti; the third, Tlacochcalcatl; the fourth, Iztlacamizcoatlailotlac; the fifth, Omaca; the sixth,","html":"Another hall in the palace was called Teccalli or Teccalco. The senators and the elders would reside in this place to hear lawsuits and petitions that the common people would submit to them. And the judges would take care to perform their office with much prudence and wisdom; and they would promptly reach their resolutions, because they would first ask for the painting on which the cases had been written or painted, such as [those related to] property, houses, or maize fields. And later, when they were ready to conclude the process, the senators would look for witnesses to testify what they had seen or heard. And the lawsuits would thus be concluded. And if the lord heard that the judges or the senators appointed to judge were unreasonably delaying the lawsuits of the common people—which could otherwise be promptly resolved—or that they were delaying them for many days for the sake of receiving bribes or payments, or because they were related [to those involved], the lord would then order them to be jailed inside some large [wooden] cages until they were sentenced to death. And this is why the senators or judges would always be very circumspect and attentive in performing their office.
\nDuring the Moteuczoma’s time, they imprisoned many senators or judges in some large cages, each one by himself. And they were later condemned to death because they notified Moteuczoma that these judges were not administering just or right justice but were doing so unjustly; and this is why they were killed. And they were the ones named here: the first one was named Mixcoatlailotlac; the second, Teicnotlamachti; the third, Tlacochcalcatl; the fourth, Iztlacamizcoatlailotlac; the fifth, Omaca; the sixth,
\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"e0cd1192-c10e-4aca-8cb6-e2fafd1378e4","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"in vncan tlatoaia tecutlatoque.\n\nTeccalli, teccalco, vncan catca in tecutlatoque, in tetecuti, in momuztlae imjxpan moteilhujaia, cujtlapilli atlapalli maçeoalli, iujian iocuxca, in qujcaquja in jnneteilhujl maçeoalli: tlapallacujlolpan in qujpoaia, in qujttaia neteilhujlli: auh injc qujnneltiliaia, qujntemoaia, qujmjtlanja in machiceque, in tlaneltilianj, in qujmachilia moteilhujque, in tlein qujmocujcujlia, in tlein ipan moteilhuja.\n\nAuh in tlatoanj, intla itla qujnmachili in iehoantin tecutlatoque, aço çã tlapic qujuecaoa, in jneteilhujl cujtlapilli, atlapalli, aço ie uxiujtl, anoço ie nauhxiujtl qujnemjtia in amo uel qujtzontequj, aço çan ipampa tlaxtlaujlli, anoço hoaiolcaiotl: njman qujmjlpia, quauhcalco qujntlalia, qujtzacutiuj, qujmjctia, injc mauhca iezque tecutlatoque.\n\nTlatocati motecuçuma, mjiec tlamantli in qujnma[chili]","html":"in vncan tlatoaia tecutlatoque.
\nTeccalli, teccalco, vncan catca in tecutlatoque, in tetecuti, in momuztlae imjxpan moteilhujaia, cujtlapilli atlapalli maçeoalli, iujian iocuxca, in qujcaquja in jnneteilhujl maçeoalli: tlapallacujlolpan in qujpoaia, in qujttaia neteilhujlli: auh injc qujnneltiliaia, qujntemoaia, qujmjtlanja in machiceque, in tlaneltilianj, in qujmachilia moteilhujque, in tlein qujmocujcujlia, in tlein ipan moteilhuja.
\nAuh in tlatoanj, intla itla qujnmachili in iehoantin tecutlatoque, aço çã tlapic qujuecaoa, in jneteilhujl cujtlapilli, atlapalli, aço ie uxiujtl, anoço ie nauhxiujtl qujnemjtia in amo uel qujtzontequj, aço çan ipampa tlaxtlaujlli, anoço hoaiolcaiotl: njman qujmjlpia, quauhcalco qujntlalia, qujtzacutiuj, qujmjctia, injc mauhca iezque tecutlatoque.
\nTlatocati motecuçuma, mjiec tlamantli in qujnma[chili]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"50bdf41f-da16-4977-96c3-3ee9ba8091f0","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"where spoke the judges.\n\nTeccalli,[^5] or Teccalco: there were the judges and noblemen.[^6] Every day the common folk and vassals laid complaints before them. Calmly and prudently they heard the plaints of the vassals; in the picture writing which recorded the case, they studied the complaints. And when they tested their truth, they sought out and inquired of informers and witnesses who could size up the plaintiffs, [who knew] what had been stolen and what was charged.\n\nAnd the ruler, if he knew anything ill of these judges—perhaps that they needlessly delayed the case of common folk, that they deliberated two years or even four—[that] they could not pronounce judgment because of either a bribe or kinship,—he then seized them and jailed them in wooden cages, exacted the penalty, and slew them, so that the judges might walk in dread.\n\n[When] Moctezuma was lord, \n\n\n\n\n[^5]: Sahagún, in the corresponding Spanish text, refers to all of these places as “another hall”—*”otra sala.”*\n\n\n[^6]: Manuel Orozco y Berra, in *Historia antigua y de la conquista de México* (México: Tipografía de Gonzalo A. Esteva, 1880), I, p. 267, explains that “En cada barrio de México había un teuctli, electo anualmente por los vecinos; determinaba de causas livianas, dando cuenta diariamente á los jueces superiores.”* Clark, (*op. cit*., 1, p. 97) writes: “The four seated figures behind the judges, called *tectli*, are young men of rank who attend the courts for instruction, so that in time they might rise to the position of judge.” (See also ff. 67*v* and 68*r* of the *Mendoza Codex*.)","html":"where spoke the judges.
\nTeccalli,1 or Teccalco: there were the judges and noblemen.2 Every day the common folk and vassals laid complaints before them. Calmly and prudently they heard the plaints of the vassals; in the picture writing which recorded the case, they studied the complaints. And when they tested their truth, they sought out and inquired of informers and witnesses who could size up the plaintiffs, [who knew] what had been stolen and what was charged.
\nAnd the ruler, if he knew anything ill of these judges—perhaps that they needlessly delayed the case of common folk, that they deliberated two years or even four—[that] they could not pronounce judgment because of either a bribe or kinship,—he then seized them and jailed them in wooden cages, exacted the penalty, and slew them, so that the judges might walk in dread.
\n[When] Moctezuma was lord,
\nSahagún, in the corresponding Spanish text, refers to all of these places as “another hall”—”otra sala.”↩
Manuel Orozco y Berra, in Historia antigua y de la conquista de México (México: Tipografía de Gonzalo A. Esteva, 1880), I, p. 267, explains that “En cada barrio de México había un teuctli, electo anualmente por los vecinos; determinaba de causas livianas, dando cuenta diariamente á los jueces superiores.”* Clark, (op. cit., 1, p. 97) writes: “The four seated figures behind the judges, called tectli, are young men of rank who attend the courts for instruction, so that in time they might rise to the position of judge.” (See also ff. 67v and 68r of the Mendoza Codex.)↩