mismo lugar se ordenaban los que vendían sal y gallinas, y gallos y codornices, y conejos y liebres, carne de venado y aves de diversas maneras, como son ánades y lavancos, y otras aves del agua. También los que vendían miel de maguey y de abejas. Desta orden eran los que vendían chilli que se llama tonalchilli, y chiltecpin, y texyo chilli, y chilli amarillo, y otras diversas maneras de chilli. Los mismos vendían tomates que se llaman miltómatl y xitómatl. En otra parte se ordenaban los que vendían fruta, como son cerezas y aguacate, ciruelas silvestres, huayabas, batatas y batatas de raíces, que se llaman cuauhcamutli, y zapotes de diversas maneras. También con éstos se ordenaban los que vendían turrones de chían, castañas de raíces de yerba, raíces como regaliz, erizos, que es una fruta que se come, pepitas de calabaza, pepitas grandes de calabaza. También con éstos se ordenan los que venden peces y ranas, y otros pescadillos que son como lagartillos, y otras sabandijas que se crían en el agua. También con éstos se ordenan los que venden papel que se hace de cortezas de árboles y encienso blanco, y goma negra que se llama ulli, y cal y navajas y leña para quemar, y maderos para techar las casas, unos cuadrados, otros rollizos, y tablas
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"f2cd40ae-e437-434b-92f5-99283fa3fc77","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"same place would be arranged in order those who were selling salt, chickens, roosters, quails, rabbits, hares, venison, and different types of birds, such as ducks, grebes,[^88] and other waterfowl. [There would] also [be] those who were selling honey [made] from both the maguey and bees. In this section would be the ones who were selling _chilli_ that are called _tonalchilli_, as well as _chiltecpin_, _texyoh chilli_, yellow _chilli_, and other different kinds of _chilli_. These same [vendors] would sell tomatoes that are called _miltomatl_ and _xitomatl_. In another part would be arranged in order those who were selling fruit, such as cherries, avocados, wild cherries, guavas, sweet potatoes,[^89] sweet potato roots that are called _cuauhcamohtli_, and _zapotes_[^90] of different kinds. Also arranged in order next to these were those who were selling _chian_ nougats, herb-root chestnuts, licorice-like roots,[^91] urchins—which are an edible fruit[^92]—pumpkin seeds, [and] large pumpkin seeds. Also arranged in order next to these are those who sell fish, frogs, other little fish that are like small lizards, and other bugs that breed in the water.[^93] Also arranged in order next to these are those who sell paper made from tree bark, white incense, black gum called _olli_, quicklime, razors, firewood, logs for roofing houses—some square, others round—wooden boards, \n\n\n[^88]: “Ducks, grebes”: _ánades y lavancos_. The Nahuatl text lists the following waterfowl: _canauhtli_, _atzitzicuilotl_, _pipixcan_, _tlalacatl_.\n\n[^89]: “Sweet potatoes”: _batatas_; Nahuatl _camohtli_, which Anderson and Dibble (A&D, bk. 8, 68n9) translate as “manihots.” See chap. 13 above.\n\n[^90]: _zapotes_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word for _tzapotl_ (“sapote or sapodilla”); variant form of _tzapotes_.\n\n[^91]: “Licorice-like roots”: _raíces como de regaliz_.\n\n[^92]: These are chayotes (Nahuatl _chayohtli_).\n\n[^93]: The Spanish text switches here to the present tense.","html":"same place would be arranged in order those who were selling salt, chickens, roosters, quails, rabbits, hares, venison, and different types of birds, such as ducks, grebes,1 and other waterfowl. [There would] also [be] those who were selling honey [made] from both the maguey and bees. In this section would be the ones who were selling chilli that are called tonalchilli, as well as chiltecpin, texyoh chilli, yellow chilli, and other different kinds of chilli. These same [vendors] would sell tomatoes that are called miltomatl and xitomatl. In another part would be arranged in order those who were selling fruit, such as cherries, avocados, wild cherries, guavas, sweet potatoes,2 sweet potato roots that are called cuauhcamohtli, and zapotes3 of different kinds. Also arranged in order next to these were those who were selling chian nougats, herb-root chestnuts, licorice-like roots,4 urchins—which are an edible fruit5—pumpkin seeds, [and] large pumpkin seeds. Also arranged in order next to these are those who sell fish, frogs, other little fish that are like small lizards, and other bugs that breed in the water.6 Also arranged in order next to these are those who sell paper made from tree bark, white incense, black gum called olli, quicklime, razors, firewood, logs for roofing houses—some square, others round—wooden boards,
\n“Ducks, grebes”: ánades y lavancos. The Nahuatl text lists the following waterfowl: canauhtli, atzitzicuilotl, pipixcan, tlalacatl.↩
“Sweet potatoes”: batatas; Nahuatl camohtli, which Anderson and Dibble (A&D, bk. 8, 68n9) translate as “manihots.” See chap. 13 above.↩
zapotes: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word for tzapotl (“sapote or sapodilla”); variant form of tzapotes.↩
“Licorice-like roots”: raíces como de regaliz.↩
These are chayotes (Nahuatl chayohtli).↩
The Spanish text switches here to the present tense.↩
[pi]pixcan, tlalalacatl. Necutetzaoac, quauhnecutli, tonalchilli, atzitzioacaiotl chilli, chiltecpin, texiochilli, chilcoztli, coujxcaiotl chillj, mjlchilli, viiac chilli, pocheoac chilli, mjltomatl, xitomatl:
\nioan nonqua monamaca, in jzqujtlamantli xochiqualli. Capoli, aoacatl, maçaxocotl, xaxocotl, camotli, quauhcamotli, teçontzapotl, eeiotzapotl, atzapotl, tzapotl, texocotl, nochtli, mjzqujtl, itlaaqujllo, chiancaca, cacomjtl, çimatl, aiotlatlapantli, chaiotli, aiooachtli, quauhaiooachtli, ioan iztac mjchin, cujatl, axolotl, aoauhtli, axaxaiacatl, tecujtlatl, izcaujtli, ioan iztac quauhamatl, ioã copalli, ioan olli, ioan tenextli, ioan itztli, ioan tlatlatilquaujtl, ioan quaoacatl, quammjmjlli, vapalli, tlaxamanjlli, victli, vitzoctli, tlateconj, aujctli, matlaquaujtl, menelhoatl, ichtli, ioan cuetlaxtli, ioan cactli, ioan tepoztli, quauhxelolonj, ioan te[pozcoiolomjtl,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"c56a141d-4f4e-4f4d-a391-a316e0376ea9","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"gulls,[^5] and wild geese;[^6] maguey syrup and honey; hot chilis, chili from Atzitziuacan, small chilis,[^7] chili powder, yellow chili, chili from the Couixca, sharp-pointed red chilis, long chilis, smoked chilis; small, wild tomatoes,[^8] and ordinary tomatoes.\n\nAnd separately were sold every kind of fruit: the American cherry, avocados, plums, guavas, sweet potatoes, manihot,[^9] sapotas,[^10] anonas,[^11] yellow sapotas, sapotillas,[^12] *tejocotes,*[^13] tuna cactus, mesquite beans, marchpane, *cacomites*,[^14] *cimate* roots,[^15] squash cut in pieces, chayote,[^16] squash seeds, *Cassia* seeds;[^17] and white fish, frogs, and water dogs; water fly eggs, water flies, lake scum, and red shellfish; and white paper made of the bark of trees, and incense, and rubber, and lime, and obsidian; and firewood, and poles, logs, planks, and chips of wood; digging sticks, pointed oaken poles, hatchets, paddles, staves; maguey roots,[^18] maguey fiber, and cured leather, and sandals; and copper axes, \n\n\n\n\n[^5]: *Pipixcan: “son blancas y del grandor de palomas, tienen alto vuelo, críanse hacia la mar, y al tiempo de coger el maíz vienen acá dentro a la tierra; cuando estas aves vienen, entiéndese que es tiempo de coger el maíz”* (Sahagún, *op. cit*., p. 183). In Santamaría, *op. cit*., II, p. 485, these are *Larus franklinii* SW & Rich, currently called *apipizca*.\n\n\n[^6]: *Tlalalacatl: “ánsares monciños … . grandes como los de España; tienen los pies colorados y el pico, son pardillos; tienen buena carne; tienen debajo plumas blancas y blandas, (y) de estas plumas se aprovechan para hacer mantas; las plumas de encima son recias, tienen buenos cañones para escribir” (Sahagún, *op. cit*., p. 169). These (*tlalalacate*), according to Santamaría, *op. cit*., III, p. 184 are *Anser albifrons* GM.\n\n\n[^7]: Cf. Chap. 13, n. 22, *supra.—”Cierto género de chile llamado chiltecpin, muy tostado y mezclado con* ulli.” (Sahagún, *op. cit*., p. 102).\n\n\n[^8]: Cf. Chap. 13, n. 20, *supra*.\n\n\n[^9]: Cf. Chap. 13, n. 10, *supra*.\n\n\n[^10]: Cf. Chap. 13, n. 7, *supra*.\n\n\n[^11]: Cf. Chap. 13, n. 8, *supra*.\n\n\n[^12]: Siméon, *op. cit*.; note also, however, Chap. 13, n. 7, *supra*.\n\n\n[^13]: *Texocotl: tejocote—Crataegus mexicana* Moc. & Ses. (Santamaría, *op. cit*., III, p, 150).\n\n\n[^14]: *Cacomitl: cacomite—Tigridia pavonia* Kerr; *oceloxóchitl*, of edible root (*ibid*., I, p. 254). Also Hernández, *op. cit*., II, p. 657.\n\n\n[^15]: *Cimatl: cimate*, a condiment (Santamaría, *op. cit*., I, p. 352). In Hernández, *op. cit*., II, it is identified as *Desmodium amplifolium* Hemsl. (p. 659) or *D. parviflorum* Mart. y Gal (p. 661).\n\n\n[^16]: *Chaiotl: chayote—Sycios edulis; Sechium edule; Cucumis acutangulus* (Santamaría, *op. cit*., I, p. 477). In Hernández, *op. cit*., I, p. 168, *Sechium edule* Sw.\n\n\n[^17]: In Hernández, *op. cit*., I, pp. 171ff., various kinds of *quauhayouachtli* are identified as *Jatropha curcas* Linn., *Manihot utilissima* (?) Pohl, *Croton* sp., *Cassia fistula* Linn. \n\n\n[^18]: *Menelhuatl: metl* (maguey), *nelhuayotl (principio, comienço*, in Molina *op. cit*.).","html":"gulls,1 and wild geese;2 maguey syrup and honey; hot chilis, chili from Atzitziuacan, small chilis,3 chili powder, yellow chili, chili from the Couixca, sharp-pointed red chilis, long chilis, smoked chilis; small, wild tomatoes,4 and ordinary tomatoes.
\nAnd separately were sold every kind of fruit: the American cherry, avocados, plums, guavas, sweet potatoes, manihot,5 sapotas,6 anonas,7 yellow sapotas, sapotillas,8 tejocotes,9 tuna cactus, mesquite beans, marchpane, cacomites,10 cimate roots,11 squash cut in pieces, chayote,12 squash seeds, Cassia seeds;13 and white fish, frogs, and water dogs; water fly eggs, water flies, lake scum, and red shellfish; and white paper made of the bark of trees, and incense, and rubber, and lime, and obsidian; and firewood, and poles, logs, planks, and chips of wood; digging sticks, pointed oaken poles, hatchets, paddles, staves; maguey roots,14 maguey fiber, and cured leather, and sandals; and copper axes,
\nPipixcan: “son blancas y del grandor de palomas, tienen alto vuelo, críanse hacia la mar, y al tiempo de coger el maíz vienen acá dentro a la tierra; cuando estas aves vienen, entiéndese que es tiempo de coger el maíz” (Sahagún, op. cit., p. 183). In Santamaría, op. cit., II, p. 485, these are Larus franklinii SW & Rich, currently called apipizca.↩
Tlalalacatl: “ánsares monciños … . grandes como los de España; tienen los pies colorados y el pico, son pardillos; tienen buena carne; tienen debajo plumas blancas y blandas, (y) de estas plumas se aprovechan para hacer mantas; las plumas de encima son recias, tienen buenos cañones para escribir” (Sahagún, *op. cit., p. 169). These (tlalalacate), according to Santamaría, op. cit., III, p. 184 are Anser albifrons GM.↩
Cf. Chap. 13, n. 22, supra.—”Cierto género de chile llamado chiltecpin, muy tostado y mezclado con ulli.” (Sahagún, op. cit., p. 102).↩
Cf. Chap. 13, n. 20, supra.↩
Cf. Chap. 13, n. 10, supra.↩
Cf. Chap. 13, n. 7, supra.↩
Cf. Chap. 13, n. 8, supra.↩
Siméon, op. cit.; note also, however, Chap. 13, n. 7, supra.↩
Texocotl: tejocote—Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Ses. (Santamaría, op. cit., III, p, 150).↩
Cacomitl: cacomite—Tigridia pavonia Kerr; oceloxóchitl, of edible root (ibid., I, p. 254). Also Hernández, op. cit., II, p. 657.↩
Cimatl: cimate, a condiment (Santamaría, op. cit., I, p. 352). In Hernández, op. cit., II, it is identified as Desmodium amplifolium Hemsl. (p. 659) or D. parviflorum Mart. y Gal (p. 661).↩
Chaiotl: chayote—Sycios edulis; Sechium edule; Cucumis acutangulus (Santamaría, op. cit., I, p. 477). In Hernández, op. cit., I, p. 168, Sechium edule Sw.↩
In Hernández, op. cit., I, pp. 171ff., various kinds of quauhayouachtli are identified as Jatropha curcas Linn., Manihot utilissima (?) Pohl, Croton sp., Cassia fistula Linn.↩
Menelhuatl: metl (maguey), nelhuayotl (principio, comienço, in Molina op. cit.).↩