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los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"cdce1c7d-8fbf-4eb3-9380-81d329c39aa6","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"dedicados a Ce Cóatl, dios del camino, y a Tlacotzontli y Zacatzontli, dioses del camino. Y los papeles que eran dedicados a Yacatecuhtli, dios de los mercaderes, cubrían con ellos al báculo de caña maciza. Estos papeles nunca los quemaban, porque cobijaban con ellos el báculo. Después de haber ordenado su ofrenda como está dicho en medio del patio de la casa, luego se entraba dentro de la casa, y se ponía delante del fuego en pie, y descabezaba algunas codornices a honra del fuego. Habiendo ofrecido las codornices al fuego, luego se sangraban las orejas con unas lancetas de piedra negra, y algunos sangraban también la lengua. Cuando ya corría la sangre, tomábanla en la mano y decían \"_Teunappa_\", y cuatro veces echaba sangre al fuego, y luego goteaba los papeles que allí estaban ofrecidos al fuego. Hecho esto, salía al patio y echaba de su sangre hacia el cielo, poniéndola sobre la uña del dedo de medio, y barajustándole hacia arriba, haciendo fuerza en el dedo pulgar. Lo mismo hacía hacia el oriente, que ellos llaman _tlapcopa_, e[chando]","html":"<p>dedicados a Ce Cóatl, dios del camino, y a Tlacotzontli y Zacatzontli, dioses del camino. Y los papeles que eran dedicados a Yacatecuhtli, dios de los mercaderes, cubrían con ellos al báculo de caña maciza. Estos papeles nunca los quemaban, porque cobijaban con ellos el báculo. Después de haber ordenado su ofrenda como está dicho en medio del patio de la casa, luego se entraba dentro de la casa, y se ponía delante del fuego en pie, y descabezaba algunas codornices a honra del fuego. Habiendo ofrecido las codornices al fuego, luego se sangraban las orejas con unas lancetas de piedra negra, y algunos sangraban también la lengua. Cuando ya corría la sangre, tomábanla en la mano y decían &quot;<em>Teunappa</em>&quot;, y cuatro veces echaba sangre al fuego, y luego goteaba los papeles que allí estaban ofrecidos al fuego. Hecho esto, salía al patio y echaba de su sangre hacia el cielo, poniéndola sobre la uña del dedo de medio, y barajustándole hacia arriba, haciendo fuerza en el dedo pulgar. Lo mismo hacía hacia el oriente, que ellos llaman <em>tlapcopa</em>, e[chando]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"4472a573-21fe-4fe9-85fc-b23e20c5e561","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"dedicated to Ce Coatl, god of the road, and to Tlacotzontli and Zacatzontli, gods of the road. And they would cover the staff, made of solid cane, with the papers dedicated to Yacateuctli, god of merchants. They would never burn these papers, because they would use them to shelter the staff. After arranging their offering in the center of the house’s patio, as described [above], they would then go into the house, stand in front of the fire, and decapitate some quails in honor of the fire. After offering the quails to the fire, they would then bleed their ears with some lancets made of black stone, and some of them would also bleed their tongues. When the blood was already flowing, they would collect it in their hands and say, “Teonappa,” and throw blood on the fire four times; and then they would spatter [with blood] the papers that were there as an offering to the fire. Having done this, he[^20] would come out to the patio and toss his blood toward the sky, by putting it on the nail of his middle finger and flicking it upward, pushing against his thumb. He would do the same toward the east, which they call Tlapcopa, \n\n\n[^20]: The Spanish text switches back and forth from the plural to the singular throughout the rest of this paragraph. Here the text describes the actions of a single (male) devotee performing the ritual offering to the fire.","html":"<p>dedicated to Ce Coatl, god of the road, and to Tlacotzontli and Zacatzontli, gods of the road. And they would cover the staff, made of solid cane, with the papers dedicated to Yacateuctli, god of merchants. They would never burn these papers, because they would use them to shelter the staff. After arranging their offering in the center of the house’s patio, as described [above], they would then go into the house, stand in front of the fire, and decapitate some quails in honor of the fire. After offering the quails to the fire, they would then bleed their ears with some lancets made of black stone, and some of them would also bleed their tongues. When the blood was already flowing, they would collect it in their hands and say, “Teonappa,” and throw blood on the fire four times; and then they would spatter [with blood] the papers that were there as an offering to the fire. Having done this, he<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> would come out to the patio and toss his blood toward the sky, by putting it on the nail of his middle finger and flicking it upward, pushing against his thumb. He would do the same toward the east, which they call Tlapcopa,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>The Spanish text switches back and forth from the plural to the singular throughout the rest of this paragraph. Here the text describes the actions of a single (male) devotee performing the ritual offering to the fire.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"10193730-e239-4183-bb2c-7d64a3152554","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"quitoaia tlaltecutli: ioan ce coatl, in iehoatl vtli, ioan tlacotzontli, çacatzontli. Auh in iiacatecutli inemac, conquentia in otlatopilli, aic tlatla in amatl, in izquipa mostlaoa çan mochipa conquentia.\n\nAuh in ie iuhqui, in omuchi centecpanque in innestlaoal itoalnepantla; niman ie ic calaqui in inchan, ispan moquetza in tletl: vncan conquechcotona in çoli. In oconquechcotonque, niman ie ic vitzauhqui ic quiço in innacaz, anoço innenepil in quiço. Jn icoac ie qujça eztli, imatica concui quitoaia teunappa in contlaça tleco: niman ie ic ipan quichichipitza in amatl:\n\nin oipan ommiçoc niman ie ic oalquiça in itoalnepantla: achtopa ontlatlaça in ilhuicac, contlaça in iezço: niman ie ompa in tonatiuh iquiçaia, mitoaia tlapcopa, nappa in contlaça iezço: niman ie ompa in tonatiuh icalaquian, mitoaia cioatlampa: no nappa in contlaça iezço: njmã","html":"<p>quitoaia tlaltecutli: ioan ce coatl, in iehoatl vtli, ioan tlacotzontli, çacatzontli. Auh in iiacatecutli inemac, conquentia in otlatopilli, aic tlatla in amatl, in izquipa mostlaoa çan mochipa conquentia.</p>\n<p>Auh in ie iuhqui, in omuchi centecpanque in innestlaoal itoalnepantla; niman ie ic calaqui in inchan, ispan moquetza in tletl: vncan conquechcotona in çoli. In oconquechcotonque, niman ie ic vitzauhqui ic quiço in innacaz, anoço innenepil in quiço. Jn icoac ie qujça eztli, imatica concui quitoaia teunappa in contlaça tleco: niman ie ic ipan quichichipitza in amatl:</p>\n<p>in oipan ommiçoc niman ie ic oalquiça in itoalnepantla: achtopa ontlatlaça in ilhuicac, contlaça in iezço: niman ie ompa in tonatiuh iquiçaia, mitoaia tlapcopa, nappa in contlaça iezço: niman ie ompa in tonatiuh icalaquian, mitoaia cioatlampa: no nappa in contlaça iezço: njmã</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"783df5e6-6c26-4ec5-a701-c2c2b0f5d9ee","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"whom they called Tlaltecutli; and One Serpent the one [who was] the way; and Tlacotzontli [and] Çacatzontli. But as the gift of Yiacatecutli they covered the stout traveling canes. The paper never burned. As often as the debt was paid, they always covered [the canes].\n\nAnd when this was done, when all their offerings were arranged together in the middle of the courtyard, thereupon they entered their home [and] stood before the fire. There they beheaded a quail [to honor the fire]. When they had beheaded it, thereupon, with pointed obsidian blades, they pierced their ears, or they pierced their tongues. When the blood already flowed, they took it with their hands [and] said, &#8220;Teonappa,&#8221; when they cast it into the fire. Thereupon they spattered the papers with it.\n\nWhen the blood had been offered on [the papers], thereupon they went out into the middle of the courtyard. First they repeatedly cast it; toward the sky they cast their blood. Then there whence the sun came forth, called east, they cast their blood four times. Then there where the sun entered his house, called west, they also four times cast their blood. Then","html":"<p>whom they called Tlaltecutli; and One Serpent the one [who was] the way; and Tlacotzontli [and] Çacatzontli. But as the gift of Yiacatecutli they covered the stout traveling canes. The paper never burned. As often as the debt was paid, they always covered [the canes].</p>\n<p>And when this was done, when all their offerings were arranged together in the middle of the courtyard, thereupon they entered their home [and] stood before the fire. There they beheaded a quail [to honor the fire]. When they had beheaded it, thereupon, with pointed obsidian blades, they pierced their ears, or they pierced their tongues. When the blood already flowed, they took it with their hands [and] said, “Teonappa,” when they cast it into the fire. Thereupon they spattered the papers with it.</p>\n<p>When the blood had been offered on [the papers], thereupon they went out into the middle of the courtyard. First they repeatedly cast it; toward the sky they cast their blood. Then there whence the sun came forth, called east, they cast their blood four times. Then there where the sun entered his house, called west, they also four times cast their blood. Then</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"10r"}