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los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"6de4da2a-be64-4b20-95fc-bd5c526b0fb1","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"[jun]tas, y las ponía en el fuego que había encendido en el patio. Luego hacía un hoyo en medio del patio, y allí enterraba las cenizas de los papeles que se habían quemado, así dentro de casa como fuera, y cogía la ceniza del papel de tal manera que no tomaba nada de la otra ceniza del fuego, ni tampoco alguna tierra del soelo. Esto todo que se ha dicho se hacía a la media noche. Y en amaneciendo, luego enviaba a llamar a los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y a los otros ricos mercaderes que trataban en comprar y vender esclavos. Y también juntaba a los mancebos y a las viejas, y a las otras mujeres sus tías; y después que todos estaban juntos, lavábanse las manos y las bocas. Esto hecho, ponían delante de cada uno comida. Acabando de comer, todos lavábanse otra vez las manos y bocas, y luego les ponían delante sus xícaras de cacao, y bebían, y luego les ponían delante las cañas de humo para chupar.","html":"<p>[jun]tas, y las ponía en el fuego que había encendido en el patio. Luego hacía un hoyo en medio del patio, y allí enterraba las cenizas de los papeles que se habían quemado, así dentro de casa como fuera, y cogía la ceniza del papel de tal manera que no tomaba nada de la otra ceniza del fuego, ni tampoco alguna tierra del soelo. Esto todo que se ha dicho se hacía a la media noche. Y en amaneciendo, luego enviaba a llamar a los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y a los otros ricos mercaderes que trataban en comprar y vender esclavos. Y también juntaba a los mancebos y a las viejas, y a las otras mujeres sus tías; y después que todos estaban juntos, lavábanse las manos y las bocas. Esto hecho, ponían delante de cada uno comida. Acabando de comer, todos lavábanse otra vez las manos y bocas, y luego les ponían delante sus xícaras de cacao, y bebían, y luego les ponían delante las cañas de humo para chupar.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"a744c0da-2855-4711-871d-3c4439934243","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and put them in the fire that he had lit on the patio. Then he would dig a hole in the middle of the patio and there bury the ashes of the papers that had been burning both inside and outside of the house. And he would gather the ashes from the paper in such a way that he did not take any of the other ashes from the fire or even any dirt from the ground. All the things that have been described would be performed at midnight. And at the break of dawn, he would promptly send [someone] to summon the head merchants, the disguised captains, and the other wealthy merchants whose business was buying and selling slaves.[^22] And he would also gather the young men, the older women, and the other women, his aunts. And once they were all together, they would wash their hands and their mouths. Once this was done, they would place food in front of each one of them.[^23] When they had finished eating, they would all wash their hands and mouths again. And then they would serve them their _jícaras_[^24] of the cacao, which they would drink; and then they would serve them smoking tubes to suck. \n\n\n[^22]: “The head merchants . . . slaves”: _a los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y a los otros ricos mercaderes que trataban en comprary y vender esclavos_. The three types of merchants in the Nahuatl text are the _pochteca_, _nahualoztomecah_, _in tealtiani, _in tecoani_.\n\n[^23]: That is, the organizer of the ritual feast would have food served to all of the gathered guests.\n\n[^24]: _jícaras_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _xicalli_ (drinking gourd or vessel).","html":"<p>and put them in the fire that he had lit on the patio. Then he would dig a hole in the middle of the patio and there bury the ashes of the papers that had been burning both inside and outside of the house. And he would gather the ashes from the paper in such a way that he did not take any of the other ashes from the fire or even any dirt from the ground. All the things that have been described would be performed at midnight. And at the break of dawn, he would promptly send [someone] to summon the head merchants, the disguised captains, and the other wealthy merchants whose business was buying and selling slaves.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> And he would also gather the young men, the older women, and the other women, his aunts. And once they were all together, they would wash their hands and their mouths. Once this was done, they would place food in front of each one of them.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> When they had finished eating, they would all wash their hands and mouths again. And then they would serve them their <em>jícaras</em><sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup> of the cacao, which they would drink; and then they would serve them smoking tubes to suck.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>“The head merchants . . . slaves”: <em>a los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y a los otros ricos mercaderes que trataban en comprary y vender esclavos</em>. The three types of merchants in the Nahuatl text are the <em>pochteca</em>, <em>nahualoztomecah</em>, <em>in tealtiani, _in tecoani</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p>That is, the organizer of the ritual feast would have food served to all of the gathered guests.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>jícaras</em>: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word <em>xicalli</em> (drinking gourd or vessel).<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"5708d948-c13a-4d2b-a8e5-f258a8794bc2","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"quimana, quicennapaloa inic cõmana tleco: in vncan itoalco.\n\nJn ontlatlac, niman ie ic tlatataca, in çan no oncan itoalnepantla: vncan quicentoca incalitic otlatlac amanestli, çan quisololooa, amo no ie in tleco nestli: Oiui in in muchioaia in ioaltica.\n\nAuh in ooallatuic: niman ie ic tlatitlani tlaioa, in quimonnotza in puchtecatlatoque, quincentlalia in isquichtin puchteca, naoaloztomeca, in tealtiani, in tecoani. Auh in telpuchtinemi uel isquich quicentlalia in ilamatque in inoaiolque in cihoatzhoatzitzinti in iiauihoan. Auh in ocenquizque, niman ie ic tematequilo, tecamapaco, in ontematequiloc, niman ie ic tetlamaco: Jn ontlaqualoc, niman ie no ceppa tematequilo, tecamapaco, niman ie ic teamaco atlioa: niman ie iietl temaco.","html":"<p>quimana, quicennapaloa inic cõmana tleco: in vncan itoalco.</p>\n<p>Jn ontlatlac, niman ie ic tlatataca, in çan no oncan itoalnepantla: vncan quicentoca incalitic otlatlac amanestli, çan quisololooa, amo no ie in tleco nestli: Oiui in in muchioaia in ioaltica.</p>\n<p>Auh in ooallatuic: niman ie ic tlatitlani tlaioa, in quimonnotza in puchtecatlatoque, quincentlalia in isquichtin puchteca, naoaloztomeca, in tealtiani, in tecoani. Auh in telpuchtinemi uel isquich quicentlalia in ilamatque in inoaiolque in cihoatzhoatzitzinti in iiauihoan. Auh in ocenquizque, niman ie ic tematequilo, tecamapaco, in ontematequiloc, niman ie ic tetlamaco: Jn ontlaqualoc, niman ie no ceppa tematequilo, tecamapaco, niman ie ic teamaco atlioa: niman ie iietl temaco.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"d7dea165-096e-4e0e-af0b-db75c808649b","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"on top of them. He bore them all in his arms to lay them on the fire there in the courtyard.\n\nWhen each one had burned, he then dug into the soil, in the same place, in the middle of the courtyard. There he buried, all together, the paper ashes [including those] burned in his house, having only skimmed them together from the surface, not also [taking] the ashes of the fire [itself].[^11] In this manner was it done during the night.\n\nAnd when it dawned, he thereupon sent emissaries [and] messengers to summon the principal merchants. He assembted all the merchants, the disguised merchants, those who bathed slaves, the slave dealers.[^12] And he assembled the youths who traveled, indeed all the old women, his kinsmen, the beloved women,[^13] his aunts.[^14] And when they had come together, thereupon their hands [and] mouths were washed. When hands had been washed, thereupon food was served. When food had been eaten, then once again were hands [and] mouths washed; thereupon chocolate was served [and] drunk. Then tubes of tobacco were offered them.\n\n\n\n\n[^11]: Corresponding Spanish text: *&#8221;cogia la ceniça del papel de tal manera que no tomaua nada de la otra ceniça del fuego, ni tampoco alguna tierra del soelo.&#8221;*\n\n\n[^12]: *Ibid*.:* &#8220;Los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y &#8230; los otros ricos mercaderes que tratauan, en comprar, y vender esclauos.&#8221;*\n\n\n[^13]: *Cihoatzhoatzitzinti*: the term is so written in the Aztec text.\n\n\n[^14]: In the *Acad. Hist. MS*:* &#8220;auh in telpuchnemi, uel isquichtin quincentlalia, in ilamatque, in iuanyolque y ciuatzitzinti, inauiuan.&#8221;*","html":"<p>on top of them. He bore them all in his arms to lay them on the fire there in the courtyard.</p>\n<p>When each one had burned, he then dug into the soil, in the same place, in the middle of the courtyard. There he buried, all together, the paper ashes [including those] burned in his house, having only skimmed them together from the surface, not also [taking] the ashes of the fire [itself].<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> In this manner was it done during the night.</p>\n<p>And when it dawned, he thereupon sent emissaries [and] messengers to summon the principal merchants. He assembted all the merchants, the disguised merchants, those who bathed slaves, the slave dealers.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> And he assembled the youths who traveled, indeed all the old women, his kinsmen, the beloved women,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup> his aunts.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-4\"><a href=\"#fn-4\">4</a></sup> And when they had come together, thereupon their hands [and] mouths were washed. When hands had been washed, thereupon food was served. When food had been eaten, then once again were hands [and] mouths washed; thereupon chocolate was served [and] drunk. Then tubes of tobacco were offered them.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Corresponding Spanish text: <em>”cogia la ceniça del papel de tal manera que no tomaua nada de la otra ceniça del fuego, ni tampoco alguna tierra del soelo.”</em><a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Ibid</em>.:* “Los principales mercaderes, capitanes disimulados, y … los otros ricos mercaderes que tratauan, en comprar, y vender esclauos.”*<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>Cihoatzhoatzitzinti</em>: the term is so written in the Aztec text.<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-4\"><p>In the <em>Acad. Hist. MS</em>:* “auh in telpuchnemi, uel isquichtin quincentlalia, in ilamatque, in iuanyolque y ciuatzitzinti, inauiuan.”*<a href=\"#fnref-4\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"11v"}