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los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"1e485350-a076-4205-b9e8-753976e144d7","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"Cuando iban a entrar en aquellas provincias, que ya habían pasado de Tochtépec, todos iban a punto de guerra, con sus rodelas y con sus espadas, como ellos las usaban, y con sus banderas, porque pasaban por tierra de guerra. En algunas partes recebían daño de los enemigos; en otras partes captivaban dellos. Desque llegaban a Xicalanco, daban el presente que llevaban de mantas y naoas y huipiles y maxtles muy labradas y ricas. Dábanlas como está dicho a los principales.\n\nY luego también los mercaderes sacaban las joyas de oro y piedras que sabían que eran preciosas en aquella provincia, una de las cuales se llama _tepeyo teucuítlatl_, que era como corona de oro; y otra que se llama _teucuitlaixcuaámatl_, que era una plancha de oro delgada y flexible que se ceñía a la frente; y otra que se llamaba _teucuitlatlancózcatl_, y otra que se llamaba _pitzáhuac teucuitlacózcatl_. Todas estas joyas eran para los señores. Llevaban también otras para las señoras. Una dellas eran vasitos de oro donde ponen el huso cuando hilan; otras eran orejeras de oro; otras, orejeras de cristal.","html":"<p>Cuando iban a entrar en aquellas provincias, que ya habían pasado de Tochtépec, todos iban a punto de guerra, con sus rodelas y con sus espadas, como ellos las usaban, y con sus banderas, porque pasaban por tierra de guerra. En algunas partes recebían daño de los enemigos; en otras partes captivaban dellos. Desque llegaban a Xicalanco, daban el presente que llevaban de mantas y naoas y huipiles y maxtles muy labradas y ricas. Dábanlas como está dicho a los principales.</p>\n<p>Y luego también los mercaderes sacaban las joyas de oro y piedras que sabían que eran preciosas en aquella provincia, una de las cuales se llama <em>tepeyo teucuítlatl</em>, que era como corona de oro; y otra que se llama <em>teucuitlaixcuaámatl</em>, que era una plancha de oro delgada y flexible que se ceñía a la frente; y otra que se llamaba <em>teucuitlatlancózcatl</em>, y otra que se llamaba <em>pitzáhuac teucuitlacózcatl</em>. Todas estas joyas eran para los señores. Llevaban también otras para las señoras. Una dellas eran vasitos de oro donde ponen el huso cuando hilan; otras eran orejeras de oro; otras, orejeras de cristal.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"0ebb2fd6-ac27-48db-9b48-539547c9a90a","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"Whenever they were about to enter those provinces—for they had already passed through Tochtepec—they would all approach ready for war, with their shields and their swords, as they styled them, and with their banners, because they were passing through a territory at war. In some places, their enemies would injure them, while in other places, they themselves would take captives. When they arrived in Xicalanco, they would give away gifts of blankets, skirts, _huipiles_, and the very richly embroidered _mastles_ that they were carrying. They would give these to the [local] nobles, as previously mentioned.\n\nAnd then the merchants would also bring out the gold jewels and stones that they knew were [considered] precious in that province, one of which is called _tepeyo teocuitlatl_, which was like a gold crown; another that is called _teocuitlaixcuaamatl_, which was a thin and flexible gold strip that was worn tight around the forehead; another that was called _teocuitlatlancozcatl_; and another that was called _pitzahuac teocuitlacozcatl_. All these jewels were [reserved] for the lords. They also would bring other [jewels] for the ladies. Among these were the small gold cups in which they rest the spindle when they are weaving; others were gold ear ornaments; others were crystal ear ornaments.","html":"<p>Whenever they were about to enter those provinces—for they had already passed through Tochtepec—they would all approach ready for war, with their shields and their swords, as they styled them, and with their banners, because they were passing through a territory at war. In some places, their enemies would injure them, while in other places, they themselves would take captives. When they arrived in Xicalanco, they would give away gifts of blankets, skirts, <em>huipiles</em>, and the very richly embroidered <em>mastles</em> that they were carrying. They would give these to the [local] nobles, as previously mentioned.</p>\n<p>And then the merchants would also bring out the gold jewels and stones that they knew were [considered] precious in that province, one of which is called <em>tepeyo teocuitlatl</em>, which was like a gold crown; another that is called <em>teocuitlaixcuaamatl</em>, which was a thin and flexible gold strip that was worn tight around the forehead; another that was called <em>teocuitlatlancozcatl</em>; and another that was called <em>pitzahuac teocuitlacozcatl</em>. All these jewels were [reserved] for the lords. They also would bring other [jewels] for the ladies. Among these were the small gold cups in which they rest the spindle when they are weaving; others were gold ear ornaments; others were crystal ear ornaments.</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"9f06a244-e176-4304-ba02-b1d6eb23c73c","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"tenochca: inuiuicalhoan in Vitzilobuchca, in azcaputzalca, quauhtitlancalque.\n\nAuh inic otlatocaia moiaochichiuhtiuia: inchimal, inmacquauh ietiuh, intlauiz, ipampa ca iautitlan in quiçaia: in cana miquia, in cana tlamaia.\n\nAuh in ompa calaquia Xicalanco: in quitquia itlatqui Auitzotzin, çan ie no ie in isquich omito in tlatocatilmatli, in tlatocamastlatl, in tlaçocueitl, in tlamachio aço tetenacazio, anoço chicocueitl, ioan tlamachuipilli.\n\nAuh izcatqui, in imiscoia imasca puchteca: tepeio teucuitlatl, iuhquin tlatocaiotl: commaquia in ompa tlatoque, ioan teucuitlaisquaamatl, ioan teucuitlatlancozcatl, ioan teucuitlacozcapetlatl, ioan xocotic teucuitlatlapitzalcozcatl, ioan pitzaoac teucuitlacozcatl. Auh izcatqui in intech monequia cihoapipilti: teucuitlatzaoalcaxitl, ioan teucuitlanacochtli, ioan teuilonacochtli. Auh in çã macehoalti intech monequia: itznacochtli, tepoznacochtli:","html":"<p>tenochca: inuiuicalhoan in Vitzilobuchca, in azcaputzalca, quauhtitlancalque.</p>\n<p>Auh inic otlatocaia moiaochichiuhtiuia: inchimal, inmacquauh ietiuh, intlauiz, ipampa ca iautitlan in quiçaia: in cana miquia, in cana tlamaia.</p>\n<p>Auh in ompa calaquia Xicalanco: in quitquia itlatqui Auitzotzin, çan ie no ie in isquich omito in tlatocatilmatli, in tlatocamastlatl, in tlaçocueitl, in tlamachio aço tetenacazio, anoço chicocueitl, ioan tlamachuipilli.</p>\n<p>Auh izcatqui, in imiscoia imasca puchteca: tepeio teucuitlatl, iuhquin tlatocaiotl: commaquia in ompa tlatoque, ioan teucuitlaisquaamatl, ioan teucuitlatlancozcatl, ioan teucuitlacozcapetlatl, ioan xocotic teucuitlatlapitzalcozcatl, ioan pitzaoac teucuitlacozcatl. Auh izcatqui in intech monequia cihoapipilti: teucuitlatzaoalcaxitl, ioan teucuitlanacochtli, ioan teuilonacochtli. Auh in çã macehoalti intech monequia: itznacochtli, tepoznacochtli:</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"a5c6d0a4-8e6e-4190-8155-1485337bdc86","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"Their companions were those of Uitzilopochco, Azcapotzalco, [and] Quauhtitlan.\n\nAnd as they traveled the road, they went girt for war. They bore their shields, their obsidian-bladed swords, [and] their devices, because they passed through the enemy&#8217;s land, where they might die [and] where they took captives.\n\nAnd when they entered there into Xicalanco, they carried the goods of Auitzotzin, all the same ones which have been mentioned, the rulers&#8217; capes, the rulers&#8217; breech clouts, the precious skirts embroidered perhaps with designs of squared corner stones, or with irregular designs, and embroidered shifts.\n\nAnd these were the personal property of the merchants: mountain-shaped gold, like a royal crown which the rulers of those places wore, and golden forehead rosettes, and golden tooth necklaces, and plaited golden necklaces, and small[^3] necklaces of golden flutes, and thin golden necklaces. And these were what the princesses required: golden bowls for spindles, and ear plugs of gold and of rock crystal. But those who were only commoners required obsidian ear plugs, copper ear plugs, \n\n\n\n\n[^3]: Cf. Leonhard Schultze Jena: *Gliederung des Alt-Aztekischen Volks in Familie, Stand und Beruf* (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1952), pp. 189, 335, and Molina, *op. cit*., Spanish-Nahuatl section, *pequeño*.","html":"<p>Their companions were those of Uitzilopochco, Azcapotzalco, [and] Quauhtitlan.</p>\n<p>And as they traveled the road, they went girt for war. They bore their shields, their obsidian-bladed swords, [and] their devices, because they passed through the enemy’s land, where they might die [and] where they took captives.</p>\n<p>And when they entered there into Xicalanco, they carried the goods of Auitzotzin, all the same ones which have been mentioned, the rulers’ capes, the rulers’ breech clouts, the precious skirts embroidered perhaps with designs of squared corner stones, or with irregular designs, and embroidered shifts.</p>\n<p>And these were the personal property of the merchants: mountain-shaped gold, like a royal crown which the rulers of those places wore, and golden forehead rosettes, and golden tooth necklaces, and plaited golden necklaces, and small<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> necklaces of golden flutes, and thin golden necklaces. And these were what the princesses required: golden bowls for spindles, and ear plugs of gold and of rock crystal. But those who were only commoners required obsidian ear plugs, copper ear plugs,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Cf. Leonhard Schultze Jena: <em>Gliederung des Alt-Aztekischen Volks in Familie, Stand und Beruf</em> (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1952), pp. 189, 335, and Molina, <em>op. cit</em>., Spanish-Nahuatl section, <em>pequeño</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"16v"}