Síguese la manera que tenían los mercaderes antiguamente en sus mercaderías. Cuando los mercaderes comenzaron en el Tlatilulco de México a tratar, era señor uno que se llamaba Cuacuauhpitzáhuac, y los principales tractantes eran dos: el uno se llamaba Itzcoatzin, y el otro Tziuhtecatzin. La mercadería déstos por entonce eran plumas de papagayos, unas coloradas que se llaman cuézal, otras azules que se llaman cuitlatexotli, y otras coloradas como grana que se llaman chamulli. Estas tres cosas eran todo su trato.
\nDespués que el señor arriba dicho murió, eligieron otro señor que se llamó Tlacatéutl, y en el tiempo déste los principales de los mercaderes fueron dos: el uno que se llamó Cozmatzin, y el otro Tzompantzin. En tiempo déstos se comenzaron a vender y comprar las plumas que se llaman quetzalli, y las piedras turquesas que se llaman xíhuitl, y las piedras verdes que se llaman chalchíhuitl, y también las mantas de algodón y mastles de al[godón,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"b64d2579-869b-4e59-bf0d-261d431b27ce","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"# Ninth book: On the merchants, gold artisans, artisans of precious stones, and feather artisans\n\n#### First chapter: On how the merchants in Mexico and Tlatelolco began\n\nHere follows the way in which the merchants would deal their wares in the past. When the merchants started to trade in the Tlatelolco[^1] of Mexico, the lord was one called Cuacuapitzahuac, and the head traders were two: one was called Itzcoatzin, and the other, Tziuhtecatzin. These men’s merchandise consisted of macaw feathers: some red ones called _cuezalin_, other blue ones called _cuitlatexotli_, and others that were as red as scarlet, called _chamolli_. These three items comprised their whole business.\n\nAfter the death of the lord mentioned above, they elected another lord who was called Tlacateotl, and during his time, the head merchants were two: one was called Cozmatzin, and the other, Tzompantzin. During their time, the feathers called _quetzalli_, the turquoise stones called _xihuitl_, and the green stones called _chalchihuitl_ began to be sold, as well as cotton blankets and cotton _mastles_,[^2] \n\n\n[^1]: Here Sahagún uses the name Tlatelolco as synecdoche for “market.” Tlatelolco served as the main marketplace for both _altepetl_ (cities) of Mexico and Tlatelolco.\n\n[^2]: _mastles_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _maxtlatl_ (loincloth).","html":"Here follows the way in which the merchants would deal their wares in the past. When the merchants started to trade in the Tlatelolco1 of Mexico, the lord was one called Cuacuapitzahuac, and the head traders were two: one was called Itzcoatzin, and the other, Tziuhtecatzin. These men’s merchandise consisted of macaw feathers: some red ones called cuezalin, other blue ones called cuitlatexotli, and others that were as red as scarlet, called chamolli. These three items comprised their whole business.
\nAfter the death of the lord mentioned above, they elected another lord who was called Tlacateotl, and during his time, the head merchants were two: one was called Cozmatzin, and the other, Tzompantzin. During their time, the feathers called quetzalli, the turquoise stones called xihuitl, and the green stones called chalchihuitl began to be sold, as well as cotton blankets and cotton mastles,2
\nIzcatqui in iuh tlamanca in ie uecauh: in ipan pochtecaiotl, ipan otzintic, in quaquauhpitzaoac, in quitzintique pochtecaiotl, iehoantin in, in pochtecatlatoque: itzcoatzin, tziuhtecatzin. Inic puchtecatia, in quinamacaia: çan iehoatl in cueçal, ioan cuitlatexotli, ioan chamoli: çan i ietlamanisti inic pochtecattitiaque.
\nAuh inic ome motlalico tlatoani: tlacateutl: auh no ipan motlalique, in puchtecatlatoque: iehoantin jn, Cozmatzin, Tzompantzin: ie inpan nez in quetzalli, aiamo viiac, ioan çaquan, ioan xiuitl, ioan chalchiuitl, ioan iamanqui tilmatli, iamanqui mastlatl, in nequentiloia, çan oc mochi, ichtilmatli, ichaiatzintli ichmastlatzintli, ichuipil[tzintli,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"e404ef0f-4aac-48a9-9f46-a145cdf4e9a6","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"# Ninth Book, which telleth of the merchants and the artisans: those who worked gold, and precious stones, and precious feathers.\n\n#### First Chapter, which telleth of those who founded commerce in Mexico and Tlatilulco.\n\nBehold what was customary in times of old. At the time that commerce began, Quaquauhpitzauac [was ruler]. Those who started the commerce were the principal merchants[^1] Itzcoatzin and Tziuhtecatzin. Thus did they engage in trade: they sold only red arara and blue and scarlet parrot feathers.[^2] Only these three things did they regard as merchandise.\n\nAnd the second ruler who came to be installed was Tlacateotl. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Cozmatzin [and] Tzompantzin. In their time appeared quetzal feathers, [but] not yet the long ones, and troupial[^3] and turquoise, and green stones; and capes [and] breech clouts of fine cotton.[^4] What was being worn was still all maguey fiber capes, netted capes of maguey fiber, breech clouts, \n\n\n\n\n[^1]: Corresponding Spanish text: *principales tratantes*; Bernardino de Sahagún: *Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España* (Angel María Garibay K., ed.; México: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1956; hereafter referred to as Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 349: *jefes de los traficantes;* Eduard Seler: *Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Altertumskunde* (Berlin: Ascher und Co., 1902–1923), Vol. II, p. 1011: *Vorsteher der Kaufmannschaft*.\n\n\n[^2]: *Cueçalin*: arara, in Eduard Seler: *Collected Works* (J. Eric S. Thompson and Francis B. Richardson, eds.; Cambridge: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939), Vol. II, Pts. 3–4, p. 108; parrot with fiery feathers, *ibid*., p. 63; alo, red guacamaya (sun bird), *ibid*., p. 47. *”Llama, color rojo vivo, pluma de ese color,”* in Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 331. See also Herbert Friedmann, Ludlow Griscom, and Robert T. Moore (Alden H. Miller, Editor-in-Chief): *Distributional Check-List of the Birds of Mexico*, Pts. I and II (Pacific Coast Avifauna, Nos. 29 and 33; Berkeley: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1950, 1957; hereafter referred to as Friedmann *et al*.) Pt. I, p. 125.\n\n\n*Cuitlatexotli*: corresponding Spanish text—*”plumas de papagayos … açules.” “Azul manchado. Pluma y color de un ave”* (Sahagún, *op. cit*., p. 332).\n\n*Chamoli: “Ave roja de la región tropical. Pluma fina. Ident. y et. desconocidas”* (*ibid*., p. 333); probably a parrot (cf. corresponding Spanish text). Seler, *op. cit*., p. 110, refers to it as a violet or dark red color; in *ibid*., Pt. 4, p. 52, he writes of *chamotzin* that “female dead were called by another endearing name *chamotzin* ‘dark red or ornamental feather’ ” (quoting Sahagún, X, 29, 12, *MS Acad. Hist*.). Cf. also Eduard Seler, “L’orfèvrerie des anciens mexicains et leur art de travailler la pierre et de faire des ornements en plumes,” Congrès International des Américanistes, *Compte-Rendu* de la 8[^] Session (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1892), p. 432 and n. 52.\n\n[^3]: *Çaquantototl*: troupial (*Icterus gularis* Wachl.), according to Seler, *Collected Works*, Pts. 3–4, p. 114; *”Ave de pluma fina, dorada y negra” *(*Gymnostinops Montezumae*)*, in Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 372; cf. Friedmann *et al*., Pt. 2, p. 276.\n\n\n[^4]: Corresponding Spanish text: *”las matas de algodon, y mastles de algodon.”*","html":"Behold what was customary in times of old. At the time that commerce began, Quaquauhpitzauac [was ruler]. Those who started the commerce were the principal merchants1 Itzcoatzin and Tziuhtecatzin. Thus did they engage in trade: they sold only red arara and blue and scarlet parrot feathers.2 Only these three things did they regard as merchandise.
\nAnd the second ruler who came to be installed was Tlacateotl. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Cozmatzin [and] Tzompantzin. In their time appeared quetzal feathers, [but] not yet the long ones, and troupial3 and turquoise, and green stones; and capes [and] breech clouts of fine cotton.4 What was being worn was still all maguey fiber capes, netted capes of maguey fiber, breech clouts,
\nCuitlatexotli: corresponding Spanish text—”plumas de papagayos … açules.” “Azul manchado. Pluma y color de un ave” (Sahagún, op. cit., p. 332).
\nChamoli: “Ave roja de la región tropical. Pluma fina. Ident. y et. desconocidas” (ibid., p. 333); probably a parrot (cf. corresponding Spanish text). Seler, op. cit., p. 110, refers to it as a violet or dark red color; in ibid., Pt. 4, p. 52, he writes of chamotzin that “female dead were called by another endearing name chamotzin ‘dark red or ornamental feather’ ” (quoting Sahagún, X, 29, 12, MS Acad. Hist.). Cf. also Eduard Seler, “L’orfèvrerie des anciens mexicains et leur art de travailler la pierre et de faire des ornements en plumes,” Congrès International des Américanistes, Compte-Rendu de la 8[^] Session (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1892), p. 432 and n. 52.
\nCorresponding Spanish text: principales tratantes; Bernardino de Sahagún: Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España (Angel María Garibay K., ed.; México: Editorial Porrúa, S. A., 1956; hereafter referred to as Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 349: jefes de los traficantes; Eduard Seler: Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Altertumskunde (Berlin: Ascher und Co., 1902–1923), Vol. II, p. 1011: Vorsteher der Kaufmannschaft.↩
Cueçalin: arara, in Eduard Seler: Collected Works (J. Eric S. Thompson and Francis B. Richardson, eds.; Cambridge: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939), Vol. II, Pts. 3–4, p. 108; parrot with fiery feathers, ibid., p. 63; alo, red guacamaya (sun bird), ibid., p. 47. ”Llama, color rojo vivo, pluma de ese color,” in Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 331. See also Herbert Friedmann, Ludlow Griscom, and Robert T. Moore (Alden H. Miller, Editor-in-Chief): Distributional Check-List of the Birds of Mexico, Pts. I and II (Pacific Coast Avifauna, Nos. 29 and 33; Berkeley: Cooper Ornithological Club, 1950, 1957; hereafter referred to as Friedmann et al.) Pt. I, p. 125.↩
Çaquantototl: troupial (Icterus gularis Wachl.), according to Seler, Collected Works, Pts. 3–4, p. 114; ”Ave de pluma fina, dorada y negra” *(Gymnostinops Montezumae), in Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 372; cf. Friedmann et al., Pt. 2, p. 276.↩
Corresponding Spanish text: ”las matas de algodon, y mastles de algodon.”↩