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los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"89372b3f-caf3-4981-902b-8e93cbbec576","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"algodón, porque de antes solamente usaban de mantas y mastles de nequén, y las mujeres usaban de huipiles y naoas también de _ichtli_.\n\nMuerto este tercero[^*] señor, elegieron a otro que se llamó Cuauhtlatoatzin. En tiempos déste fueron principales de los mercaderes dos: el uno se llamó Tollamimichtzin, y el otro Micxochtziyautzin. En tiempo déstos se comenzaron a comprar y vender barbotes de oro y anillos de oro, y cuentas de oro, y piedras azules labradas como cuentas, que se llaman _teuxíhuitl_, y grandes chalchihuites, y grandes quetzales, y pellejos labrados de animales fieros, y otras plumas ricas que se llaman _zacuan_, y otras que se llaman _xiuhtótotl_, y otras que se llaman _teuquéchol_.\n\nMuerto el otro señor, eligieron al cuarto, que se llamó Moquihuixtzin. En tiempo déste fueron principales de los mercaderes dos: uno que se llamó Popoyotzin, y otro Tlacochintzin. En tiempo déstos se comenzaron a comprar y vender las mantas ricas que se llamaban _tlapalecacozcayo_, y otras que se llamaron _xomoihuitilmatli_, y otras que se llamaron _ihuiticatetecomayo_, y también los mastles ricos y labrados hacia las estremidades, como dos o tres palmos en largo y en ancho; y también las naoas ricas y los huipiles ricos; y también las mantas de ocho brazas en largo, texidas de hilo \n\n\n[^*]: Decía \"segundo\" y fue tachado.","html":"<p>algodón, porque de antes solamente usaban de mantas y mastles de nequén, y las mujeres usaban de huipiles y naoas también de <em>ichtli</em>.</p>\n<p>Muerto este tercero<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> señor, elegieron a otro que se llamó Cuauhtlatoatzin. En tiempos déste fueron principales de los mercaderes dos: el uno se llamó Tollamimichtzin, y el otro Micxochtziyautzin. En tiempo déstos se comenzaron a comprar y vender barbotes de oro y anillos de oro, y cuentas de oro, y piedras azules labradas como cuentas, que se llaman <em>teuxíhuitl</em>, y grandes chalchihuites, y grandes quetzales, y pellejos labrados de animales fieros, y otras plumas ricas que se llaman <em>zacuan</em>, y otras que se llaman <em>xiuhtótotl</em>, y otras que se llaman <em>teuquéchol</em>.</p>\n<p>Muerto el otro señor, eligieron al cuarto, que se llamó Moquihuixtzin. En tiempo déste fueron principales de los mercaderes dos: uno que se llamó Popoyotzin, y otro Tlacochintzin. En tiempo déstos se comenzaron a comprar y vender las mantas ricas que se llamaban <em>tlapalecacozcayo</em>, y otras que se llamaron <em>xomoihuitilmatli</em>, y otras que se llamaron <em>ihuiticatetecomayo</em>, y también los mastles ricos y labrados hacia las estremidades, como dos o tres palmos en largo y en ancho; y también las naoas ricas y los huipiles ricos; y también las mantas de ocho brazas en largo, texidas de hilo</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>Decía &quot;segundo&quot; y fue tachado.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"45131813-d0cd-4fe8-9542-def3aa96dc92","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"because previously they would only use blankets and _mastles_ made of _nequen_; and the women would use _huipiles_[^3] and skirts[^4] that were also made of _ichtli_.[^5]\n\nWhen this third[^6] lord died, they elected another one who was called Cuauhtlatoaztin. During this one’s time, the head merchants were two: one was called Tollamimichtzin, and the other, Micxochtziyautzin. During their time, gold lip plugs and gold rings began to be sold, as well as gold beads; blue stones carved in the shape of beads, called _teoxihuitl_; large _chalchihuites_;[^7] large _quetzales_;[^8] decorated skins of fierce animals; other rich feathers called _zacuan_; others called _xiuhtototl_; and others called _teoquechol_.\n\nWhen the other lord died, they elected a fourth one who was called Moquihuixtzin. During his time, the heads of the merchants were two: one who was called Popoyotzin, and the other, Tlacochintzin. During their time, the rich blankets that were called _tlapalecacozcayo_ began to be sold, as well as other ones that were called _xomoihuitilmatli_, others that were called _ihhuitica tecomayoh_, and also the rich _mastles_ that are embroidered along the edges, which are about two or three hand spans[^9] in length and width. And [they] also [began to sell] the rich skirts, the rich _huipiles_, and also the blankets that are eight fathoms[^10] long and woven with twisted thread, \n\n\n[^3]: _huipiles_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _huipilli_ (blouse).\n\n[^4]: “Skirts”: _naoas_, which is an old variant of _naguas_, which is itself a word of Taino origin.\n\n[^5]: _ichtli_: maguey fiber; a Nahuatl synonym for _nequen_ (henequen), a Taino word.\n\n[^6]: “Third”: corrected from the word _segundo_ (second one), which was was crossed out in the manuscript; see the note at LAGQ 2:791.\n\n[^7]: _chalchihuites_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _chalchihuitl_ (jade bead).\n\n[^8]: _quetzales_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _quetzalli_ (precious green feather).\n\n[^9]: “Hand spans”: _palmos_. The _palmo_ is an anthropometric measure based on the width of a person’s open hand. In Castile, a _palmo_ measured around 20.8 centimeters.\n\n[^10]: “fathoms”: _brazas_. Another anthropometric measuring unit based on the length of two extended human arms, about six feet long.","html":"<p>because previously they would only use blankets and <em>mastles</em> made of <em>nequen</em>; and the women would use <em>huipiles</em><sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> and skirts<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> that were also made of <em>ichtli</em>.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup></p>\n<p>When this third<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-4\"><a href=\"#fn-4\">4</a></sup> lord died, they elected another one who was called Cuauhtlatoaztin. During this one’s time, the head merchants were two: one was called Tollamimichtzin, and the other, Micxochtziyautzin. During their time, gold lip plugs and gold rings began to be sold, as well as gold beads; blue stones carved in the shape of beads, called <em>teoxihuitl</em>; large <em>chalchihuites</em>;<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-5\"><a href=\"#fn-5\">5</a></sup> large <em>quetzales</em>;<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-6\"><a href=\"#fn-6\">6</a></sup> decorated skins of fierce animals; other rich feathers called <em>zacuan</em>; others called <em>xiuhtototl</em>; and others called <em>teoquechol</em>.</p>\n<p>When the other lord died, they elected a fourth one who was called Moquihuixtzin. During his time, the heads of the merchants were two: one who was called Popoyotzin, and the other, Tlacochintzin. During their time, the rich blankets that were called <em>tlapalecacozcayo</em> began to be sold, as well as other ones that were called <em>xomoihuitilmatli</em>, others that were called <em>ihhuitica tecomayoh</em>, and also the rich <em>mastles</em> that are embroidered along the edges, which are about two or three hand spans<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-7\"><a href=\"#fn-7\">7</a></sup> in length and width. And [they] also [began to sell] the rich skirts, the rich <em>huipiles</em>, and also the blankets that are eight fathoms<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-8\"><a href=\"#fn-8\">8</a></sup> long and woven with twisted thread,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>huipiles</em>: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word <em>huipilli</em> (blouse).<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p>“Skirts”: <em>naoas</em>, which is an old variant of <em>naguas</em>, which is itself a word of Taino origin.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p><em>ichtli</em>: maguey fiber; a Nahuatl synonym for <em>nequen</em> (henequen), a Taino word.<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-4\"><p>“Third”: corrected from the word <em>segundo</em> (second one), which was was crossed out in the manuscript; see the note at LAGQ 2:791.<a href=\"#fnref-4\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-5\"><p><em>chalchihuites</em>: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word <em>chalchihuitl</em> (jade bead).<a href=\"#fnref-5\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-6\"><p><em>quetzales</em>: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word <em>quetzalli</em> (precious green feather).<a href=\"#fnref-6\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-7\"><p>“Hand spans”: <em>palmos</em>. The <em>palmo</em> is an anthropometric measure based on the width of a person’s open hand. In Castile, a <em>palmo</em> measured around 20.8 centimeters.<a href=\"#fnref-7\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-8\"><p>“fathoms”: <em>brazas</em>. Another anthropometric measuring unit based on the length of two extended human arms, about six feet long.<a href=\"#fnref-8\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"cfa745b6-d36f-4647-a5c0-dfbe84e7ff30","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[ichuipil]tzintli, ichcuetzintli.\n\nAuh inic ey, motlalico tlatoani, iehoatl in quauhtlatoatzin: auh no ipan motlalique, in puchtecatlatoque iehoantin in Tollamimichtzin, micxochtziiautzin: auh ie inpan nez, in teucuitlatentetl, ioan teucuitlanacochtli, ioan maxitlaztli: iehoatl in motocaiotia matzatzaztli, anillo, ioan chaiaoac cozcatl, ioan teuxiuitl: ioan ueuei chalchiuitl, ioan viac quetzalli: ioan tequanehoatl, ioan viac çaquan, ioan xiuhtototl, ioan teuquechol.\n\nAuh inic naui, motlalico tlatoani, iehoatl in moquiuistzin: auh no ipan motlalique, in puchtecatlatoque: iehoantin i, popoiotzin. tlacochintzin: auh no inpan nez, in tlaçotilmatli, in cenca mauiztic, tlapalecacozcaio, ioan xomoihuitilmatli, ioan hihuitica tetecomaio tilmatli, ioan mauiztic mastlatl, tlamachio in iiac, uel iacauiac in imastlaiacaio: ioã tlamachcueitl, tlamachuipilli, ioan chicuematl tilmatli, ilacatziuhqui,","html":"<p>[ichuipil]tzintli, ichcuetzintli.</p>\n<p>Auh inic ey, motlalico tlatoani, iehoatl in quauhtlatoatzin: auh no ipan motlalique, in puchtecatlatoque iehoantin in Tollamimichtzin, micxochtziiautzin: auh ie inpan nez, in teucuitlatentetl, ioan teucuitlanacochtli, ioan maxitlaztli: iehoatl in motocaiotia matzatzaztli, anillo, ioan chaiaoac cozcatl, ioan teuxiuitl: ioan ueuei chalchiuitl, ioan viac quetzalli: ioan tequanehoatl, ioan viac çaquan, ioan xiuhtototl, ioan teuquechol.</p>\n<p>Auh inic naui, motlalico tlatoani, iehoatl in moquiuistzin: auh no ipan motlalique, in puchtecatlatoque: iehoantin i, popoiotzin. tlacochintzin: auh no inpan nez, in tlaçotilmatli, in cenca mauiztic, tlapalecacozcaio, ioan xomoihuitilmatli, ioan hihuitica tetecomaio tilmatli, ioan mauiztic mastlatl, tlamachio in iiac, uel iacauiac in imastlaiacaio: ioã tlamachcueitl, tlamachuipilli, ioan chicuematl tilmatli, ilacatziuhqui,</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"8cf7b7fa-ffb3-4061-94f5-3a4e743e7517","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"shifts, skirts of maguey fiber.[^5]\n\nAnd the third who came to be installed as ruler was Quauhtlatoatzin. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Tollamimichtzin [and] Micxochtziyautzin. And in their time appeared gold lip and ear plugs and rings for the fingers—those called *matzatzaztli*, [or] *anillo*; and necklaces with radiating pendants, and fine turquoise, and enormous green stones, and long quetzal feathers; and the skins of wild animals; and long troupial feathers, and blue cotinga and red spoonbill feathers.[^6]\n\nAnd the fourth who came to be installed as ruler was Moquiuixtzin. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Popoyotzin [and] Tlacochintzin. And also in their time appeared costly capes—the wonderful red ones, with the wind jewel design; and white duck feather capes; and capes with cup-shaped designs in feathers; and wonderful breech clouts with embroidered ends—with long ends at the extremities of the breech clouts; and embroidered skirts [and] shifts; and capes eight fathoms long,[^7] of twisted weave;[^8] \n\n\n\n\n[^5]: *Nequen* in *ibid*.\n\n\n[^6]: *Xiuhtototl*: blue cotinga—*Cotinga cincta S. coerulea* (Seler, *op. cit*., p. 39); *Cyanospiza cyanea, Guiraca coerulea* Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 369. Also cf. Friedmann *et al., op. cit*., Pt. 2, p. 59.\n\n\n*Teoquechol (tlauhquechol)*: red, rose-colored, or red and white spoonbill or heron (Seler, *op. cit*., Vol. IV, p. 62; Vol. II, *passim*). In Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 356, *teoquechol* is *Ajaja ajaja; tlauhquechol* (p. 364) is the same or *Ajaja rosea*. Also *cf.* Friedmann *et al., op. cit*., Pt. 1, p. 53.\n\n[^7]: Corresponding Spanish text: *&#8221;mantas de ocho braças en largo.&#8221;*\n\n\n[^8]: &#8220;Twisted weave&#8221; and &#8220;spiral design&#8221; are permissible variants.","html":"<p>shifts, skirts of maguey fiber.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup></p>\n<p>And the third who came to be installed as ruler was Quauhtlatoatzin. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Tollamimichtzin [and] Micxochtziyautzin. And in their time appeared gold lip and ear plugs and rings for the fingers—those called <em>matzatzaztli</em>, [or] <em>anillo</em>; and necklaces with radiating pendants, and fine turquoise, and enormous green stones, and long quetzal feathers; and the skins of wild animals; and long troupial feathers, and blue cotinga and red spoonbill feathers.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></p>\n<p>And the fourth who came to be installed as ruler was Moquiuixtzin. And also in his time were installed these principal merchants: Popoyotzin [and] Tlacochintzin. And also in their time appeared costly capes—the wonderful red ones, with the wind jewel design; and white duck feather capes; and capes with cup-shaped designs in feathers; and wonderful breech clouts with embroidered ends—with long ends at the extremities of the breech clouts; and embroidered skirts [and] shifts; and capes eight fathoms long,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup> of twisted weave;<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-4\"><a href=\"#fn-4\">4</a></sup></p>\n<p><em>Teoquechol (tlauhquechol)</em>: red, rose-colored, or red and white spoonbill or heron (Seler, <em>op. cit</em>., Vol. IV, p. 62; Vol. II, <em>passim</em>). In Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 356, <em>teoquechol</em> is <em>Ajaja ajaja; tlauhquechol</em> (p. 364) is the same or <em>Ajaja rosea</em>. Also <em>cf.</em> Friedmann <em>et al., op. cit</em>., Pt. 1, p. 53.</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Nequen</em> in <em>ibid</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>Xiuhtototl</em>: blue cotinga—<em>Cotinga cincta S. coerulea</em> (Seler, <em>op. cit</em>., p. 39); <em>Cyanospiza cyanea, Guiraca coerulea</em> Sahagún (Garibay ed.), Vol. IV, p. 369. Also cf. Friedmann <em>et al., op. cit</em>., Pt. 2, p. 59.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p>Corresponding Spanish text: <em>”mantas de ocho braças en largo.”</em><a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-4\"><p>“Twisted weave” and “spiral design” are permissible variants.<a href=\"#fnref-4\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"1v"}