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los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"2c92a669-9f71-41ca-a67c-e7390f8db913","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"y los instruían de lo que habían de hacer. Elegían también el capitán general a uno de los principales mercaderes, que se llamaba Cuappoyahualtzin. Por mandado déste se hacía la gente para la guerra en México, y en Tezcuco, y en Huexotla, y en Coatlichan, y en Chalco, y en Huitzilopuchco, y en Azcaputzalco, y en Cuauhtitlan, y en Otumba. De todos estos lugares dichos se recogía la gente para ir a esta guerra que tocaba a los mercaderes.\n\nYendo por los caminos al pueblo que llegaban los del Tlatilulco, todos se aposentaban en una casa, y ninguno faltaba. Y si alguno forzaba a alguna mujer, los mismos principales del Tlatilulco, se juntaban y le sentenciaban, y así le mataban. Y si alguno de los pochtecas del Tlatilulco enfermaba y muría, no le enterraban, sino poníanle en un cacaxtle como suelen componer los defuntos. Le componían con su barbote, y teníanle de negro los ojos, y teñíanle de colorado el rededor de la boca, y poníanle unas bandas blancas por el cuerpo, y poníanle unas","html":"<p>y los instruían de lo que habían de hacer. Elegían también el capitán general a uno de los principales mercaderes, que se llamaba Cuappoyahualtzin. Por mandado déste se hacía la gente para la guerra en México, y en Tezcuco, y en Huexotla, y en Coatlichan, y en Chalco, y en Huitzilopuchco, y en Azcaputzalco, y en Cuauhtitlan, y en Otumba. De todos estos lugares dichos se recogía la gente para ir a esta guerra que tocaba a los mercaderes.</p>\n<p>Yendo por los caminos al pueblo que llegaban los del Tlatilulco, todos se aposentaban en una casa, y ninguno faltaba. Y si alguno forzaba a alguna mujer, los mismos principales del Tlatilulco, se juntaban y le sentenciaban, y así le mataban. Y si alguno de los pochtecas del Tlatilulco enfermaba y muría, no le enterraban, sino poníanle en un cacaxtle como suelen componer los defuntos. Le componían con su barbote, y teníanle de negro los ojos, y teñíanle de colorado el rededor de la boca, y poníanle unas bandas blancas por el cuerpo, y poníanle unas</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"86c776dc-7760-4ca0-b8a1-392801bcd34e","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"and would instruct them in what they had to do. They would also choose one of the head merchants as captain general, one whose name was Cuappoyahualtzin. It was under his command that people would be assembled for war in Mexico, Tetzcoco, Huexotlan, Coatlichan, Chalco, Huitzilopochco, Azcapotzalco, Cuauhtitlan, and Otumba. People would be assembled from all these places just mentioned to go to this war that concerned the merchants.\n\nWhen the ones from Tlatelolco were traveling along roads to the town where they were heading, they would all lodge in a single house, without anyone of them missing. And if anyone raped a woman, the heads from Tlatelolco would gather [in a council] and sentence him themselves, and so they would kill him. And if one of the _pochtecas_ from Tlatelolco fell ill and died, they would not bury him, but instead they would place him inside a _cacaxtle_,[^36] like they usually arrange the dead: they would adorn him with his lip plug, dye his eyes black, dye a red color around his mouth, place some white bandages over his body, and place some \n\n\n[^36]: _cacaxtle_: singular Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word _cacaxtli_ (merchants’ carrying frame).","html":"<p>and would instruct them in what they had to do. They would also choose one of the head merchants as captain general, one whose name was Cuappoyahualtzin. It was under his command that people would be assembled for war in Mexico, Tetzcoco, Huexotlan, Coatlichan, Chalco, Huitzilopochco, Azcapotzalco, Cuauhtitlan, and Otumba. People would be assembled from all these places just mentioned to go to this war that concerned the merchants.</p>\n<p>When the ones from Tlatelolco were traveling along roads to the town where they were heading, they would all lodge in a single house, without anyone of them missing. And if anyone raped a woman, the heads from Tlatelolco would gather [in a council] and sentence him themselves, and so they would kill him. And if one of the <em>pochtecas</em> from Tlatelolco fell ill and died, they would not bury him, but instead they would place him inside a <em>cacaxtle</em>,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> like they usually arrange the dead: they would adorn him with his lip plug, dye his eyes black, dye a red color around his mouth, place some white bandages over his body, and place some</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>cacaxtle</em>: singular Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl word <em>cacaxtli</em> (merchants’ carrying frame).<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"3e4cb6ad-6ffa-47b9-9189-2d1afc08be34","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"[inte]iacancauh catca in naoaloztomeca: itoca quappoiaoaltzin, quiceniacanaia, quicentlatalhuiaia, in ie nouian altepetl ipan, nican onpeoa tenochtitlan, tetzcoco, uexotla, cohoatl ichan, chalco, vitzilobuchco, miscoac, azcaputzalco, quauhtitlan, otumba. O izquicanin, in nican oalitztoca: quicemitoaia in campa ie uilohoaz.\n\nAuh in icoac oacito in altepetl ipan, in tlatilulca: çan mocentlalia, çan centetl in incal muchioaia, aiac nonqua moquistia, aiac uel icel canpa uia. Auh intla onpa aca cihoatl oquitecac: iciuhca ica mocentlaliaia quitzacutiuia, quitlâtlatia, quimictia.\n\nAuh i çan cocoliztli oquicuic: in onpa omic anaoac, amo quintocaia, çan quicacaschichioaia: inic quichichioaia micqui, hiuitēzçacatl conaquiliaia in intenco, ioan quistetlilcomoloa, quintenchichiloa tlauhtica: ioan quitiçaoaoana in inacaio, iiamaneapanaliz ieticac, iciacacpa qui[quistiliaia,]","html":"<p>[inte]iacancauh catca in naoaloztomeca: itoca quappoiaoaltzin, quiceniacanaia, quicentlatalhuiaia, in ie nouian altepetl ipan, nican onpeoa tenochtitlan, tetzcoco, uexotla, cohoatl ichan, chalco, vitzilobuchco, miscoac, azcaputzalco, quauhtitlan, otumba. O izquicanin, in nican oalitztoca: quicemitoaia in campa ie uilohoaz.</p>\n<p>Auh in icoac oacito in altepetl ipan, in tlatilulca: çan mocentlalia, çan centetl in incal muchioaia, aiac nonqua moquistia, aiac uel icel canpa uia. Auh intla onpa aca cihoatl oquitecac: iciuhca ica mocentlaliaia quitzacutiuia, quitlâtlatia, quimictia.</p>\n<p>Auh i çan cocoliztli oquicuic: in onpa omic anaoac, amo quintocaia, çan quicacaschichioaia: inic quichichioaia micqui, hiuitēzçacatl conaquiliaia in intenco, ioan quistetlilcomoloa, quintenchichiloa tlauhtica: ioan quitiçaoaoana in inacaio, iiamaneapanaliz ieticac, iciacacpa qui[quistiliaia,]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"1d2a8a74-d823-47c3-8f67-f36052879028","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"the disguised merchants who were their leaders was the one called Quappoyaualtzin.[^22] He commanded, he summoned those in all the cities about. Here they set out from Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Uexotla, Coatl ichan, Chalco, Uitzilopochco, Mixcoac, Azcapotzalco, Quauhtitlan, [and] Otompan. From all these parts they came to await, to determine where now they were to go.[^23]\n\nAnd when those of Tlatilulco went to reach a city, they assembled; only one [place] became their home. No one took leave singly; no one could go anywhere alone. And if someone there misused a woman, quickly did they take counsel regarding him; they proceeded to sentence him; they slew him; they killed him.\n\nBut if only sickness took one, if he died there in Anauac, they did not bury him. They only arranged him on a carrying frame. Thus did they adorn the dead: they inserted a feather labret in his lips, and they painted black the hollows about his eyes; they painted red about the lips with ochre, and they striped his body with white earth. He wore his paper stole; \n\n\n\n\n[^22]: *Ibid*.:* &#8220;en el exercito, que iva*:* los mercaderes*:* eran capitanes, y officiales del exercito*:* elegidos por los señores, que regian a los mercaderes, que se llamauã, quappoiaoaltzin, y Nentlamatitzin, y vetzcatocatzin, y Çanatzin, y vey oçomatzin*:* ellos dauan el cargo a los que ivã y los instruyan de lo que avian de hazer. Elegian tambien el capitan general, a uno de los principales mercaderes que se llamaua quappoiaualtzin.&#8221;\n\n\n[^23]: *In campa yeh calacouaz*, in the *Acad. Hist. MS*, follows *uilohoaz*.","html":"<p>the disguised merchants who were their leaders was the one called Quappoyaualtzin.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> He commanded, he summoned those in all the cities about. Here they set out from Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Uexotla, Coatl ichan, Chalco, Uitzilopochco, Mixcoac, Azcapotzalco, Quauhtitlan, [and] Otompan. From all these parts they came to await, to determine where now they were to go.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup></p>\n<p>And when those of Tlatilulco went to reach a city, they assembled; only one [place] became their home. No one took leave singly; no one could go anywhere alone. And if someone there misused a woman, quickly did they take counsel regarding him; they proceeded to sentence him; they slew him; they killed him.</p>\n<p>But if only sickness took one, if he died there in Anauac, they did not bury him. They only arranged him on a carrying frame. Thus did they adorn the dead: they inserted a feather labret in his lips, and they painted black the hollows about his eyes; they painted red about the lips with ochre, and they striped his body with white earth. He wore his paper stole;</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Ibid</em>.:* “en el exercito, que iva<em>:</em> los mercaderes<em>:</em> eran capitanes, y officiales del exercito<em>:</em> elegidos por los señores, que regian a los mercaderes, que se llamauã, quappoiaoaltzin, y Nentlamatitzin, y vetzcatocatzin, y Çanatzin, y vey oçomatzin<em>:</em> ellos dauan el cargo a los que ivã y los instruyan de lo que avian de hazer. Elegian tambien el capitan general, a uno de los principales mercaderes que se llamaua quappoiaualtzin.”<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p><em>In campa yeh calacouaz</em>, in the <em>Acad. Hist. MS</em>, follows <em>uilohoaz</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"21v"}