[lue]go daba orden en la comida que era menester, como eran gallinas, empanadas, y pastelejos de gallinas, y también gallina cocida con maíz, que ellos llaman totollaolli. Y procuraba que se hiciese muy buen cacao mezclado en especies, que se llama teunacaztli. Y los mercaderes convidados luego en amaneciendo iban a la casa del convite, que solían tañer aquella hora los sátrapas, coma agora se tañe a la pelde o a hora de prima. En habiéndose juntado los mercaderes, así hombres como mujeres, y los parientes del mismo que hacía el convite, daban luego aguamanos, lavábanse las manos y las bocas. Y luego salía la comida. Salía delante de todo la ofrenda o comida del dios Xiuhtecuhtli, que es el huego, y poníanla ordenada delante el hogar, que eran cabezas de gallinas en caxetes con su molli; luego ponían comida delante la imagen de Yacatecuhtli, dios de las mercaderes.
\nEn acabando de dar estas ofrendas a estos dioses, luego daban comida a los convidados. Habiendo comido, tornaban a lavar las manos y las bocas. Luego salían por su orden las xícaras del cacao que llamaban teutecómatl, y luego ponían una xícara delante del Xiuhtecuhtli, que es el fuego, y otra delante de la imagen de Ya[catecuhtli,]
\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"56be59ea-33f0-4b1e-8345-3d841d707096","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"he would then order all the food that would be needed, such as chickens,[^40] empanadas, small chicken patties, and also chicken cooked with maize, which they call _totollaolli_. And he would make sure to have prepared a very good cacao mixed with a spice that is called _teonacaztli_. And the merchant guests would then go to the house of the banquet at dawn, for the satraps used to ring in that hour just as it is now rung at dawn or at the first hour. Once the merchants—both men and women—and the relatives of the one who was holding the banquet had gathered, they would then distribute water for hand washing, and they would wash their hands and mouths. And then the food would come out. And the offering or meal for the god Xiuhteuctli, who is the fire, would come out before anything else, and they would lay it in good order before the hearth; and [this meal] would be comprised of chicken heads in _caxetes_[^41] with their _molli_ sauce. They would then lay out food in front of the image of Yacateuctli, god of merchants.\n\nOnce they finished giving these offerings to these gods, they would then serve food to their guests. Once they had eaten, they would wash their hands and mouths again. Then the _jícaras_ of cacao, which they called _teotecomatl_, would come out in proper order, and then they would place a _jícara_ in front of Xiuhteuctli, who is the fire, and another one in front of the image of Yacateuctli, \n\n\n[^40]: “Chickens”: _gallinas_. Sahagún regularly uses the term _gallinas_ when the text mentions domestic fowl, but pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica had no chickens of the Eurasian variety (_Gallus gallus domesticus_), which were introduced by the Spaniards. The native domestic fowl in Mexico was the turkey (_Meleagris gallopavo_).\n\n[^41]: _caxetes_: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl noun _caxitl_ (bowl).","html":"he would then order all the food that would be needed, such as chickens,1 empanadas, small chicken patties, and also chicken cooked with maize, which they call totollaolli. And he would make sure to have prepared a very good cacao mixed with a spice that is called teonacaztli. And the merchant guests would then go to the house of the banquet at dawn, for the satraps used to ring in that hour just as it is now rung at dawn or at the first hour. Once the merchants—both men and women—and the relatives of the one who was holding the banquet had gathered, they would then distribute water for hand washing, and they would wash their hands and mouths. And then the food would come out. And the offering or meal for the god Xiuhteuctli, who is the fire, would come out before anything else, and they would lay it in good order before the hearth; and [this meal] would be comprised of chicken heads in caxetes2 with their molli sauce. They would then lay out food in front of the image of Yacateuctli, god of merchants.
\nOnce they finished giving these offerings to these gods, they would then serve food to their guests. Once they had eaten, they would wash their hands and mouths again. Then the jícaras of cacao, which they called teotecomatl, would come out in proper order, and then they would place a jícara in front of Xiuhteuctli, who is the fire, and another one in front of the image of Yacateuctli,
\n“Chickens”: gallinas. Sahagún regularly uses the term gallinas when the text mentions domestic fowl, but pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica had no chickens of the Eurasian variety (Gallus gallus domesticus), which were introduced by the Spaniards. The native domestic fowl in Mexico was the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).↩
caxetes: plural Hispanicized form of the Nahuatl noun caxitl (bowl).↩
in iehoantin ueuetque: in puchteca, in oztomeca, oc uel iohoan in callaqui: icoac in cooatlan tlauitecoia, in ascã in ipan prima.
\nJn ocenquizque, in ie isquich tlacatl in hoaniolque: ioan in puchtecacihoa tealtiani, nimã ie ic tematequilo, tecamapaco: niman ie ic oalquiça in tlaqualli, iacattiuh in uentli, in itech poui xiuhtecutli: in ispan conmana, iehoatl in totoltzontecomatl molcaxic ietiuh niman iehehoatl in itech poui in iiacatecutli, ispan conmana in tlaqualli. Auh in ontlaman: niman ie ic tetlamaco, tlaqualo: in ontlaqualoc, oc ceppa tematequilo tecamapaco: niman ie ic oalquiça in teutecomatl, iehoatl in cacahoatl, quitoaia teutecomatl miiz: achtopa no centetl ispan conquetzaia in xiuhtecutli, in tletl: niman ie no centetl ispan conquetza in iiacatecutli: Auh in ontlamanaloc: niman ie ic teamaco iehoatl in teutecomatl, ioan çatepan temaco in iietl, chichinaloni. Auh in ie iuhqui, in otecen[caoaloc:]
\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"cba02b16-9cc4-409b-9dba-6a0da067b48b","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"the old men, the merchants, the vanguard merchants, came into the house when it was still very dark, when they sounded the time at Coatlan, [the hour] which now [is called] prime.[^3]\n\nWhen they had assembled—indeed everyone, the kinsmen and the merchant women, those who ceremonially bathed slaves—thereupon hands were washed, [and] mouths were washed. Thereupon the food came forth. The gift pertaining to Xiuhtecutli came first; they laid in order before [the fire] the severed turkey heads in a sauce dish.[^4] Then they laid in order before Yacatecutli the food which pertained to him. And when they had placed these things in order, thereupon food was served; there was eating. When there had been eating, once again hands [and] mouths were washed. Thereupon the sacred cups[^5] came forth [with] the chocolate. They said they would drink from the sacred cups.[^6] First they also set up a [cup] before Xiuhtecutli, [god of] fire; then also they set one up before Yacatecutli. And when these had been offered, thereupon chocolate was served [the guests] in these sacred cups, and then tobacco tubes were given them for smoking. And when this was done, \n\n\n\n\n[^3]: Corresponding Spanish text: *”como agora se tañe al apelde”*—first bell-ringing before daybreak in convents of the Franciscan Order—*”o a ora de prima”*—prime, one of the seven canonical hours.\n\n\n[^4]: *Ibid*.: * “en caxetes cõ su molli.”*\n\n\n[^5]: *Ibid*.: * “Luego saliã por su ordẽ las xicaras del cacao que llamavan teutecomatl.”*\n\n\n[^6]: *Acad. Hist. MS*: * iitiz*.","html":"the old men, the merchants, the vanguard merchants, came into the house when it was still very dark, when they sounded the time at Coatlan, [the hour] which now [is called] prime.1
\nWhen they had assembled—indeed everyone, the kinsmen and the merchant women, those who ceremonially bathed slaves—thereupon hands were washed, [and] mouths were washed. Thereupon the food came forth. The gift pertaining to Xiuhtecutli came first; they laid in order before [the fire] the severed turkey heads in a sauce dish.2 Then they laid in order before Yacatecutli the food which pertained to him. And when they had placed these things in order, thereupon food was served; there was eating. When there had been eating, once again hands [and] mouths were washed. Thereupon the sacred cups3 came forth [with] the chocolate. They said they would drink from the sacred cups.4 First they also set up a [cup] before Xiuhtecutli, [god of] fire; then also they set one up before Yacatecutli. And when these had been offered, thereupon chocolate was served [the guests] in these sacred cups, and then tobacco tubes were given them for smoking. And when this was done,
\nCorresponding Spanish text: ”como agora se tañe al apelde”—first bell-ringing before daybreak in convents of the Franciscan Order—”o a ora de prima”—prime, one of the seven canonical hours.↩
Ibid.: * “en caxetes cõ su molli.”*↩
Ibid.: * “Luego saliã por su ordẽ las xicaras del cacao que llamavan teutecomatl.”*↩
Acad. Hist. MS: * iitiz*.↩