{"id":"b47e9db4-135b-4f42-a018-117560c6f67f","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/25v/","folio":"25v","book":"9"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/25r/","folio":"25r","book":"9"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/26r/","folio":"26r","book":"9"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/2_333v.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/083a6838-4ae1-4f21-9d0c-b865211983cb/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_2_9.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/625bec42-c8ff-46aa-888a-9a1b4230a972/","canvas_label":{"en":["25v"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","book_title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"9265b048-0479-4ee5-97aa-5d54c3273125","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"bienes. Por ventura por esta ocasión me he ensoberbecido y he menospreciado a mis próximos. Quiero oír las doctrinas y buenos consejos de los viejos. Llámense; vengan.\"\n\nDesta manera hablaban los mozos bien criados y bien doctrinados, y para que los viejos diesen estos consejos y doctrina que arriba se dixeron convidábanlos y dábanlos a comer y a beber, y entonce hablaban los consejos y doctrinas arriba dichos. Pagaban muy bien la comida y la bebida con aquellos consejos y doctrinas, y con esto el oficio de los mercaderes era muy honrado. Y ninguno dellos era vicioso. Tenían en mucho y guardaban mucho las doctrinas y consejos de los viejos.\n\nY arriba se dixo de la manera que volvían de los largos caminos de sus tratos; y por los caminos por donde venían no venían sin hacer muchas ofrendas y sacrificios donde quiera que hallaban cúes o oratorios de los dioses o ídolos, hasta llegar al pueblo de Itziucan. Allí paraban, y allí","html":"<p>bienes. Por ventura por esta ocasión me he ensoberbecido y he menospreciado a mis próximos. Quiero oír las doctrinas y buenos consejos de los viejos. Llámense; vengan.&quot;</p>\n<p>Desta manera hablaban los mozos bien criados y bien doctrinados, y para que los viejos diesen estos consejos y doctrina que arriba se dixeron convidábanlos y dábanlos a comer y a beber, y entonce hablaban los consejos y doctrinas arriba dichos. Pagaban muy bien la comida y la bebida con aquellos consejos y doctrinas, y con esto el oficio de los mercaderes era muy honrado. Y ninguno dellos era vicioso. Tenían en mucho y guardaban mucho las doctrinas y consejos de los viejos.</p>\n<p>Y arriba se dixo de la manera que volvían de los largos caminos de sus tratos; y por los caminos por donde venían no venían sin hacer muchas ofrendas y sacrificios donde quiera que hallaban cúes o oratorios de los dioses o ídolos, hasta llegar al pueblo de Itziucan. Allí paraban, y allí</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"4d86e0b2-2ce5-42a2-b9e4-824ba050d26a","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"goods. Perhaps this time I have been proud, and I have disdained my fellow human beings. I want to hear the elders’ teachings and good advice. Let us summon them; let them come.”\n\nThis is how the well-reared and well-educated young men would speak. And they would invite the elders and give them food and drink so that they would give them the advice and lesson mentioned above; and then they would tell them the words of advice and teachings mentioned above. [The elders] would pay for their food and drink very well with those words of advice and teaching. And this made the merchants’ business most honorable. And not one of them was depraved. They would keep and hold in high regard the elders’ teaching and words of advice.\n\nAnd how they returned from the long trips and from their dealings was described above. And no matter which road they would take, they would not go [anywhere] without making many offerings and sacrifices wherever they would find _cúes_[^46] or shrines of their gods or idols, until they reached the town of Itziuhcan. They would stop there \n\n\n[^46]: _cúes_: plural Hispanicized form of the Maya word _cu_ (temple). Sahagún, like other sixteenth-century Spanish chroniclers, uses the word _cu_ to describe the pyramid temples of Mexico. The word _cu_ comes from the Yucatec Maya word for “temple,” today called _k’ult naaj_, or “house of divinities.” The Nahuatl term _teocalli_ has the same meaning. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, when describing the Maya stone temples on Isla Mujeres, where the Spaniards first heard the term, said that the word _cúes_ refers to the stone-built “casas de ídolos.” Díaz del Castillo, _Historia verdadera_ (1939), 1:125.","html":"<p>goods. Perhaps this time I have been proud, and I have disdained my fellow human beings. I want to hear the elders’ teachings and good advice. Let us summon them; let them come.”</p>\n<p>This is how the well-reared and well-educated young men would speak. And they would invite the elders and give them food and drink so that they would give them the advice and lesson mentioned above; and then they would tell them the words of advice and teachings mentioned above. [The elders] would pay for their food and drink very well with those words of advice and teaching. And this made the merchants’ business most honorable. And not one of them was depraved. They would keep and hold in high regard the elders’ teaching and words of advice.</p>\n<p>And how they returned from the long trips and from their dealings was described above. And no matter which road they would take, they would not go [anywhere] without making many offerings and sacrifices wherever they would find <em>cúes</em><sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> or shrines of their gods or idols, until they reached the town of Itziuhcan. They would stop there</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>cúes</em>: plural Hispanicized form of the Maya word <em>cu</em> (temple). Sahagún, like other sixteenth-century Spanish chroniclers, uses the word <em>cu</em> to describe the pyramid temples of Mexico. The word <em>cu</em> comes from the Yucatec Maya word for “temple,” today called <em>k’ult naaj</em>, or “house of divinities.” The Nahuatl term <em>teocalli</em> has the same meaning. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, when describing the Maya stone temples on Isla Mujeres, where the Spaniards first heard the term, said that the word <em>cúes</em> refers to the stone-built “casas de ídolos.” Díaz del Castillo, <em>Historia verdadera</em> (1939), 1:125.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"da942e08-8b55-4838-8b93-3aed9e389a2f","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"itlachihoaltzin iiascatzin ac açoc uel ninemi, aço ie nitlauelilocati, aço ie teisco teicpac ninemi: ma oc niccaqui in tlacazcaltiloni in tlacaoapaoaloni, ma oalhuian in ueuetque, ma niccaqui in intlatoltzin.\n\nO ihui in, in quitoaia in qualtin tlazcaltiltin: in uellaoapaoalti, in tlanonotzalti. Auh inic quitemacaia in imihiio in intlatol, ie omito, in çan atica i çan tlaqualtica, in onca quiçaia in nezcaliliztlatolli, inic aiac tlauelilocanēca, amo çan quinēquaia, amo çã quinemia, in atl, in tlaqualli: ca nel ic omauizçotoca in puchtecaiotl, in oztomecaiotl, inic aiac otlauelilocanenca, cenca onemalhuiloc: uel omopis in intlatol puchteca ueuetque.\n\nAuh inic oalmocuepaia anaoac: inic oalotlatocaia, inic oaluia, ie oticteneuhque, amo çan nen oalhuia: in izquican têtzaqualli, çan onca oalmostlauhtiui, oallamaceuhtiia, in istlahoacan: inic oallacia itziocã, oc oncan motlalia, oncan quit[taia]","html":"<p>itlachihoaltzin iiascatzin ac açoc uel ninemi, aço ie nitlauelilocati, aço ie teisco teicpac ninemi: ma oc niccaqui in tlacazcaltiloni in tlacaoapaoaloni, ma oalhuian in ueuetque, ma niccaqui in intlatoltzin.</p>\n<p>O ihui in, in quitoaia in qualtin tlazcaltiltin: in uellaoapaoalti, in tlanonotzalti. Auh inic quitemacaia in imihiio in intlatol, ie omito, in çan atica i çan tlaqualtica, in onca quiçaia in nezcaliliztlatolli, inic aiac tlauelilocanēca, amo çan quinēquaia, amo çã quinemia, in atl, in tlaqualli: ca nel ic omauizçotoca in puchtecaiotl, in oztomecaiotl, inic aiac otlauelilocanenca, cenca onemalhuiloc: uel omopis in intlatol puchteca ueuetque.</p>\n<p>Auh inic oalmocuepaia anaoac: inic oalotlatocaia, inic oaluia, ie oticteneuhque, amo çan nen oalhuia: in izquican têtzaqualli, çan onca oalmostlauhtiui, oallamaceuhtiia, in istlahoacan: inic oallacia itziocã, oc oncan motlalia, oncan quit[taia]</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"553aa145-a3b7-4fd0-a92e-2bdc12711918","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"his noble creations, his noble possessions. Perhaps yet I shall live well; perhaps already I become perverse. Perchance already I become proud. May I hear the means of good rearing, of good upbringing; may the old men come; may I hear their valued words.&#8221;\n\nIn this way spoke the well reared, the well trained, the well taught. And thus [the old men] gave one their discourse; as hath been told. The words of training came forth only by drink and food, so that no one might live in evil. Not without purpose did they eat [and] drink. For verily so splendid was considered the position of the merchant, the vanguard merchant, that none lived a perverse life. The words of the old merchants were well regarded, well treasured.\n\nAnd how they returned from Anauac, how they followed the roads, how they came back, we have already told. Not purposelessly did they come. Wherever there was a pyramid place, there they went to pay their debt, to perform penances, at places where debts were paid in the desert, until they reached Itziocan, where they stopped. They there","html":"<p>his noble creations, his noble possessions. Perhaps yet I shall live well; perhaps already I become perverse. Perchance already I become proud. May I hear the means of good rearing, of good upbringing; may the old men come; may I hear their valued words.”</p>\n<p>In this way spoke the well reared, the well trained, the well taught. And thus [the old men] gave one their discourse; as hath been told. The words of training came forth only by drink and food, so that no one might live in evil. Not without purpose did they eat [and] drink. For verily so splendid was considered the position of the merchant, the vanguard merchant, that none lived a perverse life. The words of the old merchants were well regarded, well treasured.</p>\n<p>And how they returned from Anauac, how they followed the roads, how they came back, we have already told. Not purposelessly did they come. Wherever there was a pyramid place, there they went to pay their debt, to perform penances, at places where debts were paid in the desert, until they reached Itziocan, where they stopped. They there</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"25v"}