{"id":"edb918e0-3962-4611-bfb7-352a06808553","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/2r/","folio":"2r","book":"9"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/1v/","folio":"1v","book":"9"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/2v/","folio":"2v","book":"9"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/2_310r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/ce1e33a9-fda9-471b-a95b-e4a7b5447de7/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_2_9.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/543f2fd8-4d40-4cac-a0fa-20397390da95/","canvas_label":{"en":["2r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","book_title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"spanish_col":[{"id":"353cf554-6900-4893-966b-7c6e8428f6de","choice":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["spanish transcription"],"es":["transcripción en español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["Spanish"],"es":["Español"]},"language_code":"spa","subtitle":"(López Austin & García Quintana 2000)","markdown":"torcido como terliz; y también se comenzó a tratar el cacao en este tiempo; y todas las otras mercaderías que arriba se dixeron se comenzaron a tratar en más abundancia que de antes. Este Moquíhuix fue el postrero señor de los tlatilulcanos, porque le mataron los de Tlatilulco, y dahí adelante cesaron los señores, y el regimiento que de ahí adelante usaron los tlatilulcanos fue por vía de cónsules, que fue su primera manera de regimiento.\n\nY los cónsules que entonce comenzaron a regir, el uno dellos se llamaba Tlacatecatzintli Tzihuacpopocatzin; el otro, Tlacochcalcatzintli Itzcuauhtzin. Ambos éstos eran muy principales, y también fue el tercero Tlacochcalcatzintli Tezcatzin. El cuarto se llamaba Tlacatecatzintli Totozacatzin. Éstos eran muy nobles y valientes mexicanos. \n\n#### Capítulo II de cómo los mercaderes comenzaron a ser tenidos por señores y honrados como tales \n\nLos que fueron principales y regían a los mercaderes en el","html":"<p>torcido como terliz; y también se comenzó a tratar el cacao en este tiempo; y todas las otras mercaderías que arriba se dixeron se comenzaron a tratar en más abundancia que de antes. Este Moquíhuix fue el postrero señor de los tlatilulcanos, porque le mataron los de Tlatilulco, y dahí adelante cesaron los señores, y el regimiento que de ahí adelante usaron los tlatilulcanos fue por vía de cónsules, que fue su primera manera de regimiento.</p>\n<p>Y los cónsules que entonce comenzaron a regir, el uno dellos se llamaba Tlacatecatzintli Tzihuacpopocatzin; el otro, Tlacochcalcatzintli Itzcuauhtzin. Ambos éstos eran muy principales, y también fue el tercero Tlacochcalcatzintli Tezcatzin. El cuarto se llamaba Tlacatecatzintli Totozacatzin. Éstos eran muy nobles y valientes mexicanos.</p>\n<h4>Capítulo II de cómo los mercaderes comenzaron a ser tenidos por señores y honrados como tales</h4>\n<p>Los que fueron principales y regían a los mercaderes en el</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_lopez_spanish_transcription","citation":{"en":["Spanish by López Austin & García Quintana 2000"],"es":["Español por López Austin & García Quintana 2000"]}},{"id":"05823ccf-d0d5-46ed-b2a5-4e9c2f8120b6","choice":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["spanish translation"],"es":["traducción al español"]},"column":"spanish","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(García Garagarza 2023)","markdown":"like ticking fabric.[^11] And cacao also began to be traded during this time. And all the other merchandise mentioned above began to be traded more abundantly than before. This Moquihuix was the last lord of the Tlatelolcans, because the people of Tlatelolco killed him, and from then on they stopped [having] lords. And the governance that the Tlatelolcans practiced from then on was through consuls, which was their first method of governance.\n\nAnd one of the consuls who then began to rule was called Tlacatecatzintli Tzihuacpopocatzin; the other [was] Tlacochcalcatzintli Itzcuauhtzin. Both of them were very prominent, and so was the third one, Tlacochcalcatzintli Tezcatzin. The fourth was called Tlacatecatzintli Totozacatzin. These ones were very noble and brave Mexicans.\n\n#### Second chapter: On how the merchants began to be considered as lords and to be honored as such\n\n[Regarding] those who were leaders and ruled the merchants during the \n\n\n[^11]: “Woven . . . fabric”: _texidas de hilo torcido como terliz_; made with three threads in a herringbone weave.","html":"<p>like ticking fabric.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> And cacao also began to be traded during this time. And all the other merchandise mentioned above began to be traded more abundantly than before. This Moquihuix was the last lord of the Tlatelolcans, because the people of Tlatelolco killed him, and from then on they stopped [having] lords. And the governance that the Tlatelolcans practiced from then on was through consuls, which was their first method of governance.</p>\n<p>And one of the consuls who then began to rule was called Tlacatecatzintli Tzihuacpopocatzin; the other [was] Tlacochcalcatzintli Itzcuauhtzin. Both of them were very prominent, and so was the third one, Tlacochcalcatzintli Tezcatzin. The fourth was called Tlacatecatzintli Totozacatzin. These ones were very noble and brave Mexicans.</p>\n<h4>Second chapter: On how the merchants began to be considered as lords and to be honored as such</h4>\n<p>[Regarding] those who were leaders and ruled the merchants during the</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p>“Woven . . . fabric”: <em>texidas de hilo torcido como terliz</em>; made with three threads in a herringbone weave.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_garagarza","citation":{"en":["Spanish-to-English by García Garagarza 2023"],"es":["Español-al-inglés por García Garagarza 2023"]}}],"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"5bb2213f-0de4-4600-980c-add809e8bb65","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"ioan cacaoatl. Auh in ie isquich in ic mochi in omoteneuh in quetzalli, in teucuitlatl, in chalchiuitl, in isquich tlaçoihuitl: oc cenca oncan omiequis, otlapiuis: auh in tlatocaiotl tlatilulco ça ica ontlamico, in moquiuistzin, in icoac omomiquili, aoc ac tlatoani motlali in tlatilulco: vncan otzintic in ça quauhtlatolo. Auh nican vmpeoa, in ça quauhtlatolo in tlatilulco: nican cate in quauhtlatoque, in ipãn onmotlalique, in ipetl in icpal, in concauhtia tlatoani moquiuistzin: in contlapielique, iehoantin i, tlacateccatzintli, tzioacpopocatzin: tlacochcalcatzintli, Itzquauhtzin: omestin tlaçopipilti: auh niman ie tlacochcalcatzintli tezcatzin, tlacateccatzintli, Totoçacatzin: omestin quauhpipilti mexica pipilti.\n\n\n#### Jnic ome capitulo, vncan motenehoa: in quenin iehoantin i puchteca, compeoaltique in intequiuh, inic ipã omachoque, ca tlatoque mauistiq̅ \n\nAuh izcate, in inuicalhoan mochiuhque, in puchtecatlatoque:","html":"<p>ioan cacaoatl. Auh in ie isquich in ic mochi in omoteneuh in quetzalli, in teucuitlatl, in chalchiuitl, in isquich tlaçoihuitl: oc cenca oncan omiequis, otlapiuis: auh in tlatocaiotl tlatilulco ça ica ontlamico, in moquiuistzin, in icoac omomiquili, aoc ac tlatoani motlali in tlatilulco: vncan otzintic in ça quauhtlatolo. Auh nican vmpeoa, in ça quauhtlatolo in tlatilulco: nican cate in quauhtlatoque, in ipãn onmotlalique, in ipetl in icpal, in concauhtia tlatoani moquiuistzin: in contlapielique, iehoantin i, tlacateccatzintli, tzioacpopocatzin: tlacochcalcatzintli, Itzquauhtzin: omestin tlaçopipilti: auh niman ie tlacochcalcatzintli tezcatzin, tlacateccatzintli, Totoçacatzin: omestin quauhpipilti mexica pipilti.</p>\n<h4>Jnic ome capitulo, vncan motenehoa: in quenin iehoantin i puchteca, compeoaltique in intequiuh, inic ipã omachoque, ca tlatoque mauistiq̅</h4>\n<p>Auh izcate, in inuicalhoan mochiuhque, in puchtecatlatoque:</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"fe74caf3-bc5d-450b-90e5-9a17592aca51","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"and chocolate. And all [and] everything [already] mentioned—quetzal feathers, gold, green stones, all the precious feathers—at this time increased, augmented even more. And the reign in Tlatilulco came to an end with Moquiuixtzin. When he died no other ruler was installed in Tlatilulco. Then began only a military government. And here started only military rule in Tlatilulco. Here were the military governors who at that time were installed and given the authority of the displaced ruler Moquiuixtzin. Those who guarded were the commanding general Tziuacpopocatzin, the general Itzquauhtzin, both of whom were royal noblemen; and then the general Tezcatzin, the commanding general Totoçacatzin, both of whom were warrior noblemen, Mexican noblemen.\n\n\n#### Second Chapter. Here is told how the merchants began their office, in which they were considered [and] honored as principal [merchants].\n\nAnd behold, the principal merchants who became the companions of [the governors],","html":"<p>and chocolate. And all [and] everything [already] mentioned—quetzal feathers, gold, green stones, all the precious feathers—at this time increased, augmented even more. And the reign in Tlatilulco came to an end with Moquiuixtzin. When he died no other ruler was installed in Tlatilulco. Then began only a military government. And here started only military rule in Tlatilulco. Here were the military governors who at that time were installed and given the authority of the displaced ruler Moquiuixtzin. Those who guarded were the commanding general Tziuacpopocatzin, the general Itzquauhtzin, both of whom were royal noblemen; and then the general Tezcatzin, the commanding general Totoçacatzin, both of whom were warrior noblemen, Mexican noblemen.</p>\n<h4>Second Chapter. Here is told how the merchants began their office, in which they were considered [and] honored as principal [merchants].</h4>\n<p>And behold, the principal merchants who became the companions of [the governors],</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"2r"}