{"id":"6243a141-fac7-4ff0-b85e-163c921657fa","url":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/56r/","folio":"56r","book":"9"},"navigation":{"previous":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/55v/","folio":"55v","book":"9"},"next":{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/folio/56v/","folio":"56v","book":"9"},"books":[{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/10/","id":"277dfbfe-14e9-4f94-8c76-31fdbca7930e","bookNumber":10,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["People"],"es":["De la gente"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la historia general: explica los vicios y virtudes, tanto espirituales como corporales, de todo tipo de personas."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/11/","id":"32c2e71c-4923-47f6-a128-e3c0d458cf38","bookNumber":11,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Forest, Garden, Orchard"],"es":["Bosque, jardín, vergel"]},"subtitle":"Sobre las propiedades de los animales, pájaros, peces, árboles, hierbas, flores, metales y piedras, y sobre los colores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/12/","id":"874b2751-4db1-4d46-802a-08b6100a0637","bookNumber":12,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/607973e9-6dfd-49bd-8617-f24e3b6eddc1/","volume":"3","title":{"en":["Conquest of Mexico"],"es":["De la conquista mexicana"]},"subtitle":{"en":["Treats of how the Spaniards conquered Mexico City."],"es":["Sobre la conquista de Nueva españa desde el Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco Punto de vista."]}},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/6/","id":"76674c02-d8d2-4822-b5f2-101c57cb9535","bookNumber":6,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Rhetoric, Moral Philosophy, and Theology"],"es":["De la retórica, filosofía moral y teología"]},"subtitle":"Sobre oraciones a sus dioses, retórica, filosofía moral y teología en un mismo contexto."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/7/","id":"10216bd1-04c2-46d9-bd65-3fa717d240e7","bookNumber":7,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Astrology and Natural Philosophy"],"es":["De la astrología y filosofía natural"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa del sol, la luna, las estrellas y el año jubilar."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/8/","id":"0ac3a9d5-1adb-442b-9fc6-151a3c8fde0a","bookNumber":8,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Kings and Lords"],"es":["De los reyes y señores"]},"subtitle":"Sobre reyes y señores, y la forma en que celebraron sus elecciones y gobernaron sus reinados."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/9/","id":"f0cf496b-9794-4dd4-b5e3-0ecf7c76b241","bookNumber":9,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","volume":"2","title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/1/","id":"0f2be144-2996-421f-aa4c-59c15c2b2866","bookNumber":1,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Gods"],"es":["De los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Se trata de dioses adorados por los nativos de esta tierra, que es Nueva España."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/2/","id":"d2172ca1-868a-448e-9fff-98786da4ccba","bookNumber":2,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Calendar and Festivals"],"es":["Del calendario y fiestas"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de las fiestas y los sacrificios con los que estos indígenas honraban a sus dioses en tiempos de infidelidad."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/3/","id":"dea94d77-3400-481b-bb11-7dd51c3cf7bd","bookNumber":3,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Origin of the Gods"],"es":["Del principio que tuvieron los dioses"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la creación de los dioses."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/4/","id":"7d7dfaf8-9b53-4441-a1a0-315089cc7a81","bookNumber":4,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Judicial Astrology or Divinatory Arts"],"es":["De la astrología judiciaria o arte adivinatoria"]},"subtitle":"Sobre la astrología del poder judicial indio o los augurios y las artes de la adivinación."},{"url":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/codex/codex_folio/book/5/","id":"a6ad625d-4b03-4fc7-a2d9-c63c6868af95","bookNumber":5,"manifest":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/1a300bf7-f3e3-4546-8b8d-5a27032ea8a7/","volume":"1","title":{"en":["Omens and Prognostications"],"es":["De los agüeros y pronósticos"]},"subtitle":"Se ocupa de predecir estos nativos hechos de pájaros, animales e insectos para predecir el futuro."}]},"iiif_urls":{"info_json":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/info.json","full":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/full/0/default.jpg","small":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/316,/0/default.jpg","medium":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/486,/0/default.jpg","large":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/655,/0/default.jpg","text":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/,246/0/default.jpg","nav":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/,150/0/default.jpg"},"files":{"folio_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/folio_pdf/2_364r.pdf","folio_jpg":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/288d7220-41ad-4e28-9240-cab715c7503b/full/pct:16,/0/default.jpg","folio_audio":null,"volume_pdf":"https://ch-digital-florentine-codex.s3.amazonaws.com/volume_pdf/vol_2_9.pdf"},"canvas_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/canvas/164ef821-e750-4207-8428-71ba4064de81/","canvas_label":{"en":["56r"]},"manifest_id":"https://dfc-be.ch.digtest.co.uk/iiif/iiif/manifest/5a0f5ea6-0ab9-43e0-a863-1b296ed2bbe9/","book_title":{"en":["Merchants"],"es":["De los mercaderes"]},"book_subtitle":"Sobre los comerciantes de élite de larga distancia, pochteca, que expandió el comercio, reconoció nuevas áreas por conquistar y agentes provocadores.","book_number":"9","total_folios":147,"texts":{"nahuatl_col":[{"id":"63bbd8ea-07da-4f4e-ba99-b7d961e768b2","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"transcription","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl transcription"],"es":["transcripción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["Nahuatl"],"es":["Náhuatl"]},"language_code":"nci","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"tlapaltic, in ilacqui: çã niman iuh quitlalia in campa monequiz, in icoac quimoleoa tepuztica: auh niman quichiqui, quisteca, ioan quitemetzhuia, ioan quipetlaoa itech quauitl in tlapetlaoaloni: inic quiiectilia, inic quicencaoa.\n\nAuh in iehoatl in motenehoa eztecpatl: cenca tlaquaoac, chicahoac, camo ma uel motequi in ica teuxalli: ca çan motlatlapana moteuiia, ioan motepehuilia in itepetlaio, in amo qualli, in amono uel mopetlaoa: çan iehoatl mocui motemolia in qualli, in uel mopetlaoa in eztic, in uel cuicuiltic, michiqui atica: ioan itech tetl, cenca tlaquaoac, ompa hoallauh in matlatzinco: ipampa ca uel monoma namiqui, in iuh chicaoac tecpatl, no iuh chicaoac in tetl, inic monepan mictia: çatepan misteca ica teuxalli, ioan motemetzhuia, ica esmelir. Auh çatepan ic mocencaoa, ic mopetlaoa in quetzalotlatl: inic quicuecueiotza, quitonameiotia.\n\nAuh in iehoatl motocaiotia uitzitziltecpatl: niman iuh ioli tlacati, miec tlamantli inic mocuicuilohoa: iztac, ioan xoxoctic, ioan iuhquin tletl, anoço iuhquin citlalin, ioan iuhquin aiauhcoçamalotl, çan tepiton: xalli inic","html":"<p>tlapaltic, in ilacqui: çã niman iuh quitlalia in campa monequiz, in icoac quimoleoa tepuztica: auh niman quichiqui, quisteca, ioan quitemetzhuia, ioan quipetlaoa itech quauitl in tlapetlaoaloni: inic quiiectilia, inic quicencaoa.</p>\n<p>Auh in iehoatl in motenehoa eztecpatl: cenca tlaquaoac, chicahoac, camo ma uel motequi in ica teuxalli: ca çan motlatlapana moteuiia, ioan motepehuilia in itepetlaio, in amo qualli, in amono uel mopetlaoa: çan iehoatl mocui motemolia in qualli, in uel mopetlaoa in eztic, in uel cuicuiltic, michiqui atica: ioan itech tetl, cenca tlaquaoac, ompa hoallauh in matlatzinco: ipampa ca uel monoma namiqui, in iuh chicaoac tecpatl, no iuh chicaoac in tetl, inic monepan mictia: çatepan misteca ica teuxalli, ioan motemetzhuia, ica esmelir. Auh çatepan ic mocencaoa, ic mopetlaoa in quetzalotlatl: inic quicuecueiotza, quitonameiotia.</p>\n<p>Auh in iehoatl motocaiotia uitzitziltecpatl: niman iuh ioli tlacati, miec tlamantli inic mocuicuilohoa: iztac, ioan xoxoctic, ioan iuhquin tletl, anoço iuhquin citlalin, ioan iuhquin aiauhcoçamalotl, çan tepiton: xalli inic</p>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_transcription","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}},{"id":"79581f19-40ef-4335-87e4-a973b02ad17f","choice":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]},"type":"translation","type_label":{"en":["nahuatl translation"],"es":["traducción al náhuatl"]},"column":"nahuatl","language":{"en":["English"],"es":["Inglés"]},"language_code":"eng","subtitle":"(Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982)","markdown":"of pleasing aspect.[^20] Thereupon they placed them where they were needed, when they had removed the rough parts with a piece of metal. And then they abraded it, smoothed the surface, and gave it a metallic luster; and they polished it with a piece of wood, a polisher, with which they embellished it. So they finished it.\n\nAnd what is called blood[-speckled] flint [bloodstone][^21] is very hard and resistant. It could not be cut with abrasive sand, but could only be broken up, beaten with a stone; and its rough pieces,[^22] which were no good, which could not be polished, were cast away. Only that was taken, was sought, which was good, which could be polished: the blood-colored, which was well speckled. It was abraded with water and with a very hard stone which came from Matlatzinco, because they were suitable to each other. The rock was just as hard as the flint so that together they cut each other. Afterwards the surface was smoothed with abrasive and given a metallic luster with a [finer] abrasive.[^23] And then it was finished, polished, with a piece of fine cane [containing silica], with which they made it gleam; they made it send forth rays of light.\n\nAnd what was called humming-bird flint [Mexican opal][^24] is by nature of many kinds; it is multicolored: white, and green, it is abraded, and like fire or like a star, and like a rainbow. It is quite small, it is abraded, \n\n\n\n\n[^20]: *Ilacqui *: *itaqui* in *ibid*.\n\n\n[^21]: Cf. Foshag, &#8220;Mineralogical Studies,&#8221; p. 47, n. 11. Also see Emmart, *op. cit*., p. 61, and Reccho, *op. cit*., pp. 337, 339.—Flint (*tecpatl*) and bloodstone (*eztecpatl* or *eztetl*) are both cryptocrystalline varieties of quartz, and both arc equally hard stones (7 on the Mohs scale, on which diamond is 10). Jasper falls in the same group as flint and bloodstone, but the term &#8220;jasper&#8221; should not be used here, since it is clear that Sahagún is talking about bloodstone and nothing else.—*D. T. Easby*. See also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), III, p. 337.\n\n\n[^22]: Cf. *tepetlaio* in Molina, *op. cit*.\n\n\n[^23]: Emery probably was not used in Mexico before the Conquest; Sahagún uses it as a generic term to include a number of abrasives; cf. Sahagún, *op.cit*., III, p.341.—*D. T. Easby*. \n\n\n[^24]: Cf. Foshag, *op. cit*., p. 48, n. 15.","html":"<p>of pleasing aspect.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-1\"><a href=\"#fn-1\">1</a></sup> Thereupon they placed them where they were needed, when they had removed the rough parts with a piece of metal. And then they abraded it, smoothed the surface, and gave it a metallic luster; and they polished it with a piece of wood, a polisher, with which they embellished it. So they finished it.</p>\n<p>And what is called blood[-speckled] flint [bloodstone]<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-2\"><a href=\"#fn-2\">2</a></sup> is very hard and resistant. It could not be cut with abrasive sand, but could only be broken up, beaten with a stone; and its rough pieces,<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-3\"><a href=\"#fn-3\">3</a></sup> which were no good, which could not be polished, were cast away. Only that was taken, was sought, which was good, which could be polished: the blood-colored, which was well speckled. It was abraded with water and with a very hard stone which came from Matlatzinco, because they were suitable to each other. The rock was just as hard as the flint so that together they cut each other. Afterwards the surface was smoothed with abrasive and given a metallic luster with a [finer] abrasive.<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-4\"><a href=\"#fn-4\">4</a></sup> And then it was finished, polished, with a piece of fine cane [containing silica], with which they made it gleam; they made it send forth rays of light.</p>\n<p>And what was called humming-bird flint [Mexican opal]<sup class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref-5\"><a href=\"#fn-5\">5</a></sup> is by nature of many kinds; it is multicolored: white, and green, it is abraded, and like fire or like a star, and like a rainbow. It is quite small, it is abraded,</p>\n<section class=\"footnotes\">\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn-1\"><p><em>Ilacqui *: *itaqui</em> in <em>ibid</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-1\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-2\"><p>Cf. Foshag, “Mineralogical Studies,” p. 47, n. 11. Also see Emmart, <em>op. cit</em>., p. 61, and Reccho, <em>op. cit</em>., pp. 337, 339.—Flint (<em>tecpatl</em>) and bloodstone (<em>eztecpatl</em> or <em>eztetl</em>) are both cryptocrystalline varieties of quartz, and both arc equally hard stones (7 on the Mohs scale, on which diamond is 10). Jasper falls in the same group as flint and bloodstone, but the term “jasper” should not be used here, since it is clear that Sahagún is talking about bloodstone and nothing else.—<em>D. T. Easby</em>. See also Sahagún (Garibay ed.), III, p. 337.<a href=\"#fnref-2\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-3\"><p>Cf. <em>tepetlaio</em> in Molina, <em>op. cit</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-3\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-4\"><p>Emery probably was not used in Mexico before the Conquest; Sahagún uses it as a generic term to include a number of abrasives; cf. Sahagún, <em>op.cit</em>., III, p.341.—<em>D. T. Easby</em>.<a href=\"#fnref-4\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n<li id=\"fn-5\"><p>Cf. Foshag, <em>op. cit</em>., p. 48, n. 15.<a href=\"#fnref-5\" class=\"footnote\">&#8617;</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n","citation_key":"citation_anderson_nahuatl_eng_translation","citation":{"en":["Nahuatl-to-English by Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"],"es":["Náhuatl-al-inglés por Anderson & Dibble 1953–1982"]}}]},"folio":"56r"}